System.Data.SQLite

<configuration>
  <system.data>
    <DbProviderFactories>
      <remove invariant="System.Data.SQLite"/>
      <add name="SQLite Data Provider" invariant="System.Data.SQLite" 
           description=".Net Framework Data Provider for SQLite"
           type="System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteFactory, System.Data.SQLite,
                 Version=1.0.56.0, Culture=neutral,
                 PublicKeyToken=db937bc2d44ff139"/>
    </DbProviderFactories>
  </system.data>
</configuration>
</pre>
      </div>
      <p>

          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div id="mainSection">
    <div id="mainBody">
    <h1 class="heading">Version History</h1>

























































    <p><b>1.0.56.0 - August 11, 2008</b></p>
    <ul>
      <li>Fixed a bug in the table designer when designing new tables, wherein you had to 
        save the table first before being able to create indexes and foreign keys.</li>
      <li>Tweaks to decimal type handling.&nbsp; The &#39;decimal&#39; type can&#39;t be represented 
        by Int64 or Double (without loss of precision) in SQLite, so we have to fudge it 
        by treating it like a string and converting it back and forth in the provider.&nbsp; 

          support both binary and cleartext password types. </li>
        <li>Visual Studio 2005/2008 Design-Time Support.&nbsp; You can add a SQLite 
        database to the Servers list, design queries with the Query Designer, 
        drag-and-drop tables onto a Typed DataSet, etc.</li>
            <li>Full SQLite schema editing inside Visual Studio.&nbsp; You can create/edit 
              tables, views, triggers, indexes, check constraints and foreign keys. </li>
        <li>
        Single file redistributable.&nbsp; The core sqlite3 codebase and the ADO.NET wrapper 
        are combined into one multi-module assembly. </li>
        <li>Binaries included for Itanium, x64, x86 and ARM processors. </li>
        <li>
        DbProviderFactory support. </li>
        <li>
          Full support for ATTACH'ed databases.&nbsp; Exposed as <i>Catalogs</i>
        in the schema.&nbsp; When cloning a connection, all attached databases are 

        Full support for user-defined collating sequences, every bit as simple to 
        implement as user-defined functions and uses the same base class. </li>
        <li>
          Full source for the entire engine and wrapper.&nbsp; No copyrights.&nbsp; 
          Public Domain.&nbsp; 100% free for commercial and non-commercial use.&nbsp;</li>
      </UL>
      <br>
      <h1 class="heading">Distributing the Binaries</h1>
      <p><b>System.Data.SQLite.DLL</b> is a mixed assembly signed with a strong name 
        in case you want to add it to the Global Assembly Cache (GAC). This is the only DLL required to be redistributed with 
        your SQLite.NET application(s).&nbsp; It 
        comes in&nbsp;4
        flavors: Win32, Itanium, X64 (AMD64) and ARM (Compact Framework).&nbsp; The Compact
        Framework library is signed with a separate strong name, but all the other
        versions share the same strong name so they can be interchanged where appropriate without



        any change to your application.</p>
      <hr />
      <div id="footer">
        <p>
          <a href="mailto:robert@blackcastlesoft.com?subject=SQLite%20ADO.NET%202.0%20Provider%201.0.0.0%20Documentation%20Feedback:%20Welcome">Send comments on this topic.</a>
        </p>
        <p />
        <p />
      </div><!--[if gte IE 5]><tool:tip element="seeAlsoToolTip" avoidmouse="false" /><tool:tip element="languageFilterToolTip" avoidmouse="false" /><![endif]-->    </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

//      Major Version
//      Minor Version 
//      Build Number
//      Revision
//
// You can specify all the values or you can default the Revision and Build Numbers 
// by using the '*' as shown below:
[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.35.0")]
[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.35.0")]
[assembly: AssemblyDelaySignAttribute(false)]
[assembly: AssemblyKeyFileAttribute("..\\System.Data.SQLite\\System.Data.SQLite.snk")]
[assembly: AssemblyKeyNameAttribute("")]

    [DisplayName("Default Value")]
    [Category("Constraints")]
    [Description("The default value to populate in the column when an explicit value is not specified.")]
    public virtual string DefaultValue
    {
      get { return _defaultValue; }






      set { _defaultValue = value; }



    }

    internal void WriteSql(StringBuilder builder)
    {
      builder.AppendFormat("[{0}]", ColumnName);
      if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(DataType) == false)
        builder.AppendFormat(" {0}", DataType);

      if (Unique.Enabled == true && isprimary == false)
      {
        builder.Append(" UNIQUE");
        if (Unique.Conflict != ConflictEnum.Abort)
          builder.AppendFormat(" ON CONFLICT {0}", Unique.Conflict.ToString().ToUpperInvariant());
      }



    }
  }
}

  {
    internal ForeignKeyFromItem(ForeignKey fkey, string column)
      : base(fkey, fkey._table.Catalog, fkey._table.Name, column)
    {
    }

    [Editor(typeof(ColumnsTypeEditor), typeof(UITypeEditor))]
    [Description("The primary (parent) column of the foreign key relationship")]
    public new string Column
    {
      get { return base.Column; }
      set { SetColumn(value); }
    }

    [Browsable(false)]
    public override string Catalog
    {
      get
      {
        return base.Catalog;
      }
    }

    [Browsable(false)]
    public override string Table
    {
      get
      {
        return base.Table;
      }
    }
  }

  [TypeConverter(typeof(ExpandableObjectConverter))]
  internal class ForeignKeyToItem : ForeignKeyItem
  {

      {
        SetCatalog(value);
      }
    }

    [DisplayName("Base Table")]
    [Editor(typeof(TablesTypeEditor), typeof(UITypeEditor))]
    [Description("The child table to which the foreign key refers.")]
    public new string Table
    {
      get { return base.Table; }
      set { SetTable(value); }
    }

    [Editor(typeof(ColumnsTypeEditor), typeof(UITypeEditor))]
    [Description("The child column to which the foreign key refers.")]
    public new string Column
    {
      get { return base.Column; }
      set { SetColumn(value); }
    }
  }

      {
        _name = null;
        _from = new ForeignKeyFromItem(this, "");
        _to = new ForeignKeyToItem(this, _table.Catalog, "", "");
      }
    }

    internal void WriteSql(StringBuilder builder)

    {
      if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(_from.Column) == false && String.IsNullOrEmpty(_to.Catalog) == false &&
        String.IsNullOrEmpty(_to.Table) == false && String.IsNullOrEmpty(_to.Column) == false)

      {
        builder.AppendFormat("CONSTRAINT [{0}] FOREIGN KEY ([{1}]) REFERENCES [{3}] ([{4}])", Name, _from.Column, _to.Catalog, _to.Table, _to.Column);


      }
    }

    [ParenthesizePropertyName(true)]
    [Category("Identity")]
    [Description("The name of the foreign key.")]
    public string Name
    {
      get

    public DbConnection GetConnection()
    {
      return ((IHaveConnection)_table).GetConnection();
    }

    #endregion

    [DisplayName("Primary/Unique Key")]
    [Category("Source")]
    [Description("The source (parent) column in the current table that is to be the unique value of the foreign key.")]
    public ForeignKeyFromItem From
    {
      get { return _from; }
    }

    [DisplayName("Foreign Key")]
    [Category("Target")]
    [Description("The child table and column to which the specified parent column is related.")]
    public ForeignKeyToItem To
    {
      get { return _to; }
    }

    #region ICloneable Members

    {
      get { return _origSql; }
    }

    [Category("Storage")]
    [RefreshProperties(RefreshProperties.All)]
    [ParenthesizePropertyName(true)]

    public override string Name
    {
      get { return _name; }
      set
      {
        if (_name != value)
        {

            break;
          }
        }
        builder.Append(separator);
        builder.AppendFormat("CONSTRAINT [CK_{0}_{1}] CHECK {2}", Name, n + 1, check);
      }


      foreach (ForeignKey fkey in ForeignKeys)

      {













        builder.Append(separator);
        fkey.WriteSql(builder);









      }

      builder.Append("\r\n);\r\n");

      // Rebuilding an existing table
      if (altName != null)
      {

        }
        builder.AppendLine();
      }

      return builder.ToString();
    }























    [Browsable(false)]
    public override ViewTableBase DesignTable
    {
      get { return this; }
    }

    public override DbConnection GetConnection()

          <Category resource="Category_Location"/>
        </Part>
        <Part name="Table">
          <Category resource="Category_Location"/>
        </Part>
      </Identifier>
      <Properties>
        <Property name="ColumnName">
          <DisplayName>Source Column</DisplayName>
          <Category resource="Category_Source"/>
        </Property>
        <Property name="ReferencedTableDatabase">
          <DisplayName>Referenced Database</DisplayName>
          <Category resource="Category_Refs"/>
        </Property>
        <Property name="ReferencedTableName">
          <DisplayName>Referenced Table</DisplayName>
          <Category resource="Category_Refs"/>
        </Property>
        <Property name="ReferencedColumnName">
          <DisplayName>Referenced Column</DisplayName>
          <Category resource="Category_Refs"/>
        </Property>
      </Properties>
      <CommandBindings>
        <CommandBinding name="NewQuery" guid="501822E1-B5AF-11d0-B4DC-00A0C91506EF" cmdid="13608" handler="884DD964-5327-461f-9F06-6484DD540F8F"/>
      </CommandBindings>
    </TypeExtension>
  </TypeExtensions>

          <Category resource="Category_Location"/>
        </Part>
        <Part name="Table">
          <Category resource="Category_Location"/>
        </Part>
      </Identifier>
      <Properties>
        <Property name="ColumnName">
          <DisplayName>Source Column</DisplayName>
          <Category resource="Category_Source"/>
        </Property>
        <Property name="ReferencedTableDatabase">
          <DisplayName>Referenced Database</DisplayName>
          <Category resource="Category_Refs"/>
        </Property>
        <Property name="ReferencedTableName">
          <DisplayName>Referenced Table</DisplayName>
          <Category resource="Category_Refs"/>
        </Property>
        <Property name="ReferencedColumnName">
          <DisplayName>Referenced Column</DisplayName>
          <Category resource="Category_Refs"/>
        </Property>
      </Properties>
      <CommandBindings>
        <CommandBinding name="NewQuery" guid="501822E1-B5AF-11d0-B4DC-00A0C91506EF" cmdid="13608" handler="884DD964-5327-461f-9F06-6484DD540F8F"/>
      </CommandBindings>
    </TypeExtension>
  </TypeExtensions>

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Version
//

VS_VERSION_INFO VERSIONINFO
 FILEVERSION 1,0,56,0
 PRODUCTVERSION 1,0,0,0
 FILEFLAGSMASK 0x17L
#ifdef _DEBUG
 FILEFLAGS 0x1L
#else
 FILEFLAGS 0x0L
#endif
 FILEOS 0x4L
 FILETYPE 0x2L
 FILESUBTYPE 0x0L
BEGIN
    BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
    BEGIN
        BLOCK "040904b0"
        BEGIN
            VALUE "Comments", "http://sqlite.phxsoftware.com"
            VALUE "FileDescription", "System.Data.SQLite Interop Library"
            VALUE "FileVersion", "1.0.56.0"
            VALUE "InternalName", "SQLite.Interop.DLL"
            VALUE "LegalCopyright", "Released to the public domain"
            VALUE "OriginalFilename", "SQLite3.DLL 3.6.1"
            VALUE "ProductName", "System.Data.SQLite"
            VALUE "ProductVersion", "1.0"
        END
    END
    BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
    BEGIN
        VALUE "Translation", 0x409, 1200

				ExecutionBucket="7"
				Optimization="1"
				FavorSizeOrSpeed="2"
				PreprocessorDefinitions="_WIN32_WCE=$(CEVER);UNDER_CE=$(CEVER);WINCE;$(PLATFORMDEFINES);NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;CPPSMART_EXPORTS;$(ARCHFAM);$(_ARCHFAM_);UNICODE;_UNICODE;SQLITE_HAS_CODEC;SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA;SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3;SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE;SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION;SQLITE_SOUNDEX;INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES=((DWORD)-1)"
				StringPooling="true"
				ExceptionHandling="0"
				BufferSecurityCheck="false"
				EnableFunctionLevelLinking="true"

			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
				PreprocessorDefinitions="NDEBUG;_UNICODE;UNICODE;_WIN32_WCE;UNDER_CE"
				Culture="1033"
				AdditionalIncludeDirectories="$(IntDir)"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
				Description="Fixing .bss section"
				CommandLine="..\bin\tools\mergebin.exe /B:&quot;$(IntDir)\interop.obj&quot;"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCLinkerTool"

				OutputFile="../bin/CompactFramework/System.Data.SQLite.DLL"
				SuppressStartupBanner="false"
				AdditionalLibraryDirectories=""
				IgnoreDefaultLibraryNames=""
				ModuleDefinitionFile="src\sqlite3.def"
				AddModuleNamesToAssembly=""
				EmbedManagedResourceFile=""
				SubSystem="8"
				EntryPointSymbol=""
				RandomizedBaseAddress="0"
				DataExecutionPrevention="0"
				MergeSections=""
				TargetMachine="3"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCALinkTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCFxCopTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCCodeSignTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
				Description="Merging binaries ..."
				CommandLine="..\bin\tools\mergebin.exe /S:.clr ..\System.Data.SQLite\bin\CompactFramework\$(TargetFileName) &quot;$(TargetPath)&quot;&#x0D;&#x0A;sn -Ra &quot;$(TargetPath)&quot; ..\System.Data.SQLite\System.Data.SQLite.CF.snk&#x0D;&#x0A;"
			/>
			<DeploymentTool
				ForceDirty="-1"
				RemoteDirectory="\Program Files\testce"
				RegisterOutput="0"
				AdditionalFiles=""
			/>

			<Tool
				Name="VCMIDLTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
				AdditionalOptions="/GS-"
				Optimization="0"
				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;SQLITE_DEBUG;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;_CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE;NO_TCL;THREADSAFE=1;SQLITE_HAS_CODEC;SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA;SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3;SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE;SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION;SQLITE_SOUNDEX;SQLITE_CORE"
				RuntimeLibrary="3"
				RuntimeTypeInfo="false"
				DebugInformationFormat="3"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
			/>

				TargetEnvironment="1"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
				ExecutionBucket="7"
				AdditionalOptions="/GS-"
				Optimization="0"
				PreprocessorDefinitions="SQLITE_DEBUG;_WIN32_WCE=$(CEVER);UNDER_CE=$(CEVER);WINCE;$(PLATFORMDEFINES);_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;CPPSMART_EXPORTS;$(ARCHFAM);$(_ARCHFAM_);UNICODE;_UNICODE;SQLITE_HAS_CODEC;SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA;SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3;SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE;SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION;SQLITE_SOUNDEX;SQLITE_CORE;INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES=((DWORD)-1)"
				DebugInformationFormat="3"

			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
				PreprocessorDefinitions="NDEBUG;_UNICODE;UNICODE;_WIN32_WCE;UNDER_CE"
				Culture="1033"
				AdditionalIncludeDirectories="$(IntDir)"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCLinkerTool"
				IgnoreImportLibrary="true"
				AdditionalOptions=" /subsystem:windowsce,4.20 /machine:ARM /ARMPADCODE"
				OutputFile="../bin/CompactFramework/$(InputName).DLL"
				AdditionalLibraryDirectories=""
				IgnoreDefaultLibraryNames=""
				ModuleDefinitionFile="src\sqlite3.def"
				AddModuleNamesToAssembly=""
				EmbedManagedResourceFile=""
				GenerateDebugInformation="true"
				RandomizedBaseAddress="1"
				DataExecutionPrevention="0"
				TargetMachine="3"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCALinkTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"

			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCAppVerifierTool"
			/>
			<Tool
				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
			/>








































































































































































































































































































































		</Configuration>
	</Configurations>
	<References>
	</References>
	<Files>
		<Filter
			Name="Header Files"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\analyze.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\attach.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\auth.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\bitvec.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\btmutex.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\btree.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\build.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\callback.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\complete.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\date.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\delete.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\expr.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\fault.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\fts3.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\fts3_hash.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\fts3_porter.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\fts3_tokenizer.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\fts3_tokenizer1.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\func.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\global.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\hash.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\insert.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\journal.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\legacy.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\loadext.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\main.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\malloc.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\mem1.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\mem2.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\mem3.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\mem4.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\mem5.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\mutex.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\mutex_w32.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\opcodes.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\os.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\os_win.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\pager.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Debug|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
































				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\parse.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"




















































































					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\prepare.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\printf.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\random.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>




















































































				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\rtree.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\select.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\status.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\table.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\tokenize.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\trigger.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\update.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\utf.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\util.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\vacuum.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\vdbe.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\vdbeapi.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\vdbeaux.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\vdbeblob.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\vdbefifo.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\vdbemem.c"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
















				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\vtab.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>




















































































				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
			<File
				RelativePath=".\splitsource\where.c"
				>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|Win32"

						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
				<FileConfiguration
					Name="Release|x64"
					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
					>
















					<Tool
						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
					/>
				</FileConfiguration>
			</File>
		</Filter>
		<File

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC

#if _DEBUG
#include "splitsource\pager.c"
#endif

#include <windows.h>
#include <wincrypt.h>

// Extra padding before and after the cryptographic buffer

#ifdef NDEBUG
#include "src/sqlite3.c"
#else
#include "splitsource\btreeint.h"
#include "splitsource\vdbeint.h"
#include "splitsource\sqliteInt.h"
#endif

#include "extension-functions.c"
#include "crypt.c"
#include <tchar.h>

#ifdef NDEBUG

#if _WIN32_WCE
#include "merge.h"
#else
#include "merge_full.h"
#endif // _WIN32_WCE
#endif // NDEBUG

extern int RegisterExtensionFunctions(sqlite3 *db);

#ifdef SQLITE_OS_WIN

// Additional flag for sqlite3.flags, we use it as a reference counter
#define SQLITE_WantClose 0x10000000

// Additional open flags, we use this one privately
//#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x01000000

typedef void (*SQLITEUSERFUNC)(sqlite3_context *, int, sqlite3_value **);
typedef void (*SQLITEFUNCFINAL)(sqlite3_context *);

typedef HANDLE (WINAPI *CREATEFILEW)(
    LPCWSTR,
    DWORD,
    DWORD,
    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,
    DWORD,
    DWORD,
    HANDLE);

static CRITICAL_SECTION g_cs;




















static LONG g_dwcsInit = 0;










void EnterGlobalMutex()





{




































  if (InterlockedCompareExchange(&g_dwcsInit, 1, 0) == 0)
    InitializeCriticalSection(&g_cs);




















  EnterCriticalSection(&g_cs);
}

void LeaveGlobalMutex()






















{





  LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs);
























}

int SetCompression(const wchar_t *pwszFilename, unsigned short ufLevel)
{
#ifdef FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION
  HMODULE hMod = GetModuleHandle(_T("KERNEL32"));
  CREATEFILEW pfunc;

}

__declspec(dllexport) int WINAPI sqlite3_decompressfile(const wchar_t *pwszFilename)
{
  return SetCompression(pwszFilename, COMPRESSION_FORMAT_NONE);
}


















/*
    The goal of this version of close is different than that of sqlite3_close(), and is designed to lend itself better to .NET's non-deterministic finalizers and
    the GC thread.  SQLite will not close a database if statements are open on it -- but for our purposes, we'd rather finalize all active statements
    and forcibly close the database.  The reason is simple -- a lot of people don't Dispose() of their objects correctly and let the garbage collector
    do it.  This leads to unexpected behavior when a user thinks they've closed a database, but it's still open because not all the statements have
    hit the GC yet.

    So, here we have a problem ... .NET has a pointer to any number of sqlite3_stmt objects.  We can't call sqlite3_finalize() on these because
    their memory is freed and can be used for something else.  The GC thread could potentially try and call finalize again on the statement after
    that memory was deallocated.  BAD.  So, what we need to do is make a copy of each statement, and call finalize() on the copy -- so that the original
    statement's memory is preserved, and marked as BAD, but we can still manage to finalize everything and forcibly close the database.  Later when the 
    GC gets around to calling finalize_interop() on the "bad" statement, we detect that and finish deallocating the pointer.
*/
__declspec(dllexport) int WINAPI sqlite3_close_interop(sqlite3 *db)
{
  int ret;
  
  EnterGlobalMutex();

  ret = sqlite3_close(db);

  if (ret == SQLITE_BUSY && db->pVdbe)
  {
    while (db->pVdbe)
    {
      // Make a copy of the first prepared statement

        ZeroMemory(po, sizeof(Vdbe));
        po->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD;
      }
    }
    ret = sqlite3_close(db);
  }

  LeaveGlobalMutex();

  return ret;
}

__declspec(dllexport) int WINAPI sqlite3_open_interop(const char*filename, int flags, sqlite3 **ppdb)
{
  int ret;
  //int sharedcache = ((flags & SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE) != 0);
  //flags &= ~SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE;

  //EnterGlobalMutex();

  //sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(sharedcache);
  ret = sqlite3_open_v2(filename, ppdb, flags, NULL);
  //sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(0);

  if (ret == 0)
    RegisterExtensionFunctions(*ppdb);

  //LeaveGlobalMutex();

  return ret;
}

__declspec(dllexport) int WINAPI sqlite3_open16_interop(const char *filename, int flags, sqlite3 **ppdb)
{
  int ret = sqlite3_open_interop(filename, flags, ppdb);

  const void *pval = sqlite3_column_text16(stmt, iCol);
  *plen = (pval != 0) ? wcslen((wchar_t *)pval) * sizeof(wchar_t): 0;
  return pval;
}

__declspec(dllexport) int WINAPI sqlite3_finalize_interop(sqlite3_stmt *stmt)
{
  // Try and finalize a statement, and close the database it belonged to if the database was marked for closing
  Vdbe *p;
  sqlite3 *db;
  int ret;

  EnterGlobalMutex();

  p = (Vdbe *)stmt;
  db = (p == NULL) ? NULL : p->db;

  while(1)
  {
    if (p->magic == VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD)
    {
      if (db == NULL)
      {
        sqlite3_free(p);
        ret = SQLITE_OK;
        break;
      }
    }

    ret = sqlite3_finalize(stmt);

    if (ret == SQLITE_OK)
    {
      if (db->flags & SQLITE_WantClose)
      {
        if (db->pVdbe == NULL)
        {
          ret = sqlite3_close(db);
        }
      }
    }
    break;
  }

  LeaveGlobalMutex();

  return ret;
}

__declspec(dllexport) int WINAPI sqlite3_reset_interop(sqlite3_stmt *stmt)
{
  int ret;

// This code was automatically generated from assembly
// C:\Src\SQLite.NET\System.Data.SQLite\bin\CompactFramework\System.Data.SQLite.dll

#include <windef.h>

#pragma data_seg(push,clrseg,".clr")
#pragma comment(linker, "/SECTION:.clr,ER")
  char __ph[143484] = {0}; // The number of bytes to reserve
#pragma data_seg(pop,clrseg)

typedef BOOL (WINAPI *DLLMAIN)(HANDLE, DWORD, LPVOID);
typedef struct EXTRA_STUFF
{
  DWORD dwNativeEntryPoint;
} EXTRA_STUFF, *LPEXTRA_STUFF;

// This code was automatically generated from assembly
// C:\Src\SQLite.NET\bin\ManagedOnly\System.Data.SQLite.dll

#include <windef.h>

#pragma data_seg(push,clrseg,".clr")
#pragma comment(linker, "/SECTION:.clr,ER")
  char __ph[155780] = {0}; // The number of bytes to reserve
#pragma data_seg(pop,clrseg)

typedef BOOL (WINAPI *DLLMAIN)(HANDLE, DWORD, LPVOID);
typedef struct EXTRA_STUFF
{
  DWORD dwNativeEntryPoint;
} EXTRA_STUFF, *LPEXTRA_STUFF;

** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
**
** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
** part of the build process.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqlite3.h,v 1.36 2008/08/06 21:45:32 rmsimpson Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
#define _SQLITE3_H_
#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */

/*
** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
*/
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif


/*
** Add the ability to override 'extern'
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
#endif


























/*
** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
# undef SQLITE_VERSION
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER

**          evaluate to a string literal that is the SQLite version
**          with which the header file is associated.
**
** {H10014} The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER #define shall resolve to an integer
**          with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z
**          are the major version, minor version, and release number.
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION         "3.6.1"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER  3006001

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers {H10020} <S60100>
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version
**
** These features provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION]
** and [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] #defines in the header, but are associated

const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe {H10100} <S60100>
**
** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is true, mutexes
** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When that macro is false,

** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
**
** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
** The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.

** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 then mutexes are enabled by default but
** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  The return value of this function shows
** only the default compile-time setting, not any run-time changes
** to that setting.
**


** INVARIANTS:
**
** {H10101} The [sqlite3_threadsafe()] function shall return nonzero if

**          SQLite was compiled with the its mutexes enabled by default
**          or zero if SQLite was compiled such that mutexes are
**          permanently disabled.
**
** {H10102} The value returned by the [sqlite3_threadsafe()] function
**          shall not change when mutex setting are modified at
**          runtime using the [sqlite3_config()] interface and 
**          especially the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD],
**          [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED],
**          and [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] verbs.

#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))


/*
** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations {H10230} <H11120> <H12700>
**
** These bit values are intended for use in the
** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
** in the 4th parameter to the xOpen method of the

#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200
#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400
#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800
#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000
#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000
#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000
#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000


/*
** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics {H10240} <H11120>
**
** The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage

** vary depending on the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option]
** in the first argument.
**
** When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns SQLITE_OK.
** If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
*/
int sqlite3_config(int, ...);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections  {H10180} <S20000>
** EXPERIMENTAL
**
** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).  The
** sqlite3_db_config() interface can only be used immediately after
** the database connection is created using [sqlite3_open()],
** [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].  
**
** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
** configuration verb - an integer code that indicates what
** aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
** The only choice for this value is [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE].
** New verbs are likely to be added in future releases of SQLite.
** Additional arguments depend on the verb.
*/
int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines {H10155} <S20120>
** EXPERIMENTAL
**
** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
** and low-level memory allocation routines.

**
** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option disables
** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
** The application is responsible for serializing access to
** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
** environment.</dd>


**
** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  This option enables
** all mutexes including the recursive
** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
**
** <p>This configuration option merely sets the default mutex 
** behavior to serialize access to [database connections].  Individual
** [database connections] can override this setting
** using the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag to [sqlite3_open_v2()].</p></dd>
**
** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
** <dd>This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.</dd>
**

** this is important.
**
** There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
** previously set handler.  Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
** will also set or clear the busy handler.
**




** INVARIANTS:
**
** {H12311} The [sqlite3_busy_handler(D,C,A)] function shall replace
**          busy callback in the [database connection] D with a new
**          a new busy handler C and application data pointer A.
**
** {H12312} Newly created [database connections] shall have a busy

** in addition to using an authorizer.
**
** Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
** previous call.  Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
** The authorizer is disabled by default.
**










** Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()].
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {H12501} The [sqlite3_set_authorizer(D,...)] interface registers a
**          authorizer callback with database connection D.
**
** {H12502} The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are
**          being compiled.
**
** {H12503} If the authorizer callback returns any value other than
**          [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY], then
**          the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that caused
**          the authorizer callback to run shall fail with an
**          [SQLITE_ERROR] error code and an appropriate error message.
**
** {H12504} When the authorizer callback returns [SQLITE_OK], the operation
**          described is processed normally.
**
** {H12505} When the authorizer callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
**          [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that caused the
**          authorizer callback to run shall fail
**          with an [SQLITE_ERROR] error code and an error message
**          explaining that access is denied.
**
** {H12506} If the authorizer code (the 2nd parameter to the authorizer
**          callback) is [SQLITE_READ] and the authorizer callback returns
**          [SQLITE_IGNORE], then the prepared statement is constructed to

** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
** top-level SQL code.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {H12551} The second parameter to an
**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback] is always an integer
**          [SQLITE_COPY | authorizer code] that specifies what action
**          is being authorized.
**
** {H12552} The 3rd and 4th parameters to the
**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorization callback]
**          will be parameters or NULL depending on which
**          [SQLITE_COPY | authorizer code] is used as the second parameter.
**
** {H12553} The 5th parameter to the
**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback] is the name
**          of the database (example: "main", "temp", etc.) if applicable.
**
** {H12554} The 6th parameter to the
**          [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback] is the name
**          of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
**          the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
**          top-level SQL code.
*/
/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */

** The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
** as each SQL statement finishes.  The profile callback contains
** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
** of how long that statement took to run.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {H12281} The callback function registered by [sqlite3_trace()] is

**          whenever an SQL statement first begins to execute and
**          whenever a trigger subprogram first begins to run.
**
** {H12282} Each call to [sqlite3_trace()] overrides the previously
**          registered trace callback.
**
** {H12283} A NULL trace callback disables tracing.
**
** {H12284} The first argument to the trace callback is a copy of
**          the pointer which was the 3rd argument to [sqlite3_trace()].
**
** {H12285} The second argument to the trace callback is a
**          zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the original text
**          of the SQL statement as it was passed into [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
**          or the equivalent, or an SQL comment indicating the beginning
**          of a trigger subprogram.

**          the SQL statement as it was processed by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
**          or the equivalent.
**
** {H12290} The third parameter to the profile callback is an estimate
**          of the number of nanoseconds of wall-clock time required to
**          run the SQL statement from start to finish.
*/
void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks {H12910} <S60400>
**
** This routine configures a callback function - the
** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
** [sqlite3_get_table()].  An example use for this
** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
**
** If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
** "Cancel" button on a GUI dialog box.





**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {H12911} The callback function registered by sqlite3_progress_handler()
**          is invoked periodically during long running calls to
**          [sqlite3_step()].
**

** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
**
** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
** over the new database connection.  The flags parameter can take one of
** the following three values, optionally combined with the 
** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag:
**
** <dl>
** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>
**
** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>
**
** <dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is creates it if
** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>
** </dl>
**
** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
** combinations shown above or one of the combinations shown above combined
** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag, then the behavior is undefined.

**
** If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then mutexes on the
** opened [database connection] are disabled and the appliation must

** insure that access to the [database connection] and its associated
** [prepared statements] is serialized.  The [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag
** is the default behavior is SQLite is configured using the
** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] options
** to [sqlite3_config()].  The [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag only makes a
** difference when SQLite is in its default [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED] mode.
**
** If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
** is created for the connection.  This in-memory database will vanish when
** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as

**          for reading only.
**
** {H12712} If the G parameter to [sqlite3_open_v2(F,D,G,V)] contains the
**          bit value [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] then the database is opened
**          reading and writing if possible, or for reading only if the
**          file is write protected by the operating system.
**
** {H12713} If the G parameter to [sqlite3_open(v2(F,D,G,V)] omits the
**          bit value [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] and the database does not
**          previously exist, an error is returned.
**
** {H12714} If the G parameter to [sqlite3_open(v2(F,D,G,V)] contains the
**          bit value [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] and the database does not
**          previously exist, then an attempt is made to create and
**          initialize the database.
**
** {H12717} If the filename argument to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
**          or [sqlite3_open_v2()] is ":memory:", then an private,
**          ephemeral, in-memory database is created for the connection.

**
** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
** redefined.  The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of
** the zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
** characters.  Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
** will result in [SQLITE_ERROR] being returned.
**

** The third parameter is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
** aggregate takes. If this parameter is negative, then the SQL function or
** aggregate may take any number of arguments.
**
** The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
** its parameters.  Any SQL function implementation should be able to work
** work with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be

** and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. To delete an existing
** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function callbacks.
**
** It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  SQLite will use
** the implementation most closely matches the way in which the
** SQL function is used.







**












** INVARIANTS:
**
** {H16103} The [sqlite3_create_function16()] interface behaves exactly
**          like [sqlite3_create_function()] in every way except that it
**          interprets the zFunctionName argument as zero-terminated UTF-16
**          native byte order instead of as zero-terminated UTF-8.
**
** {H16106} A successful invocation of
**          the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,...)] interface registers
**          or replaces callback functions in the [database connection] D
**          used to implement the SQL function named X with N parameters
**          and having a preferred text encoding of E.
**
** {H16109} A successful call to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
**          replaces the P, F, S, and L values from any prior calls with
**          the same D, X, N, and E values.
**
** {H16112} The [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,...)] interface fails with
**          a return code of [SQLITE_ERROR] if the SQL function name X is
**          longer than 255 bytes exclusive of the zero terminator.
**

** {H16118} Either F must be NULL and S and L are non-NULL or else F
**          is non-NULL and S and L are NULL, otherwise
**          [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] returns [SQLITE_ERROR].
**
** {H16121} The [sqlite3_create_function(D,...)] interface fails with an
**          error code of [SQLITE_BUSY] if there exist [prepared statements]
**          associated with the [database connection] D.
**
** {H16124} The [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,...)] interface fails with an
**          error code of [SQLITE_ERROR] if parameter N (specifying the number
**          of arguments to the SQL function being registered) is less
**          than -1 or greater than 127.
**
** {H16127} When N is non-negative, the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,...)]
**          interface causes callbacks to be invoked for the SQL function

**          named X when the number of arguments to the SQL function is
**          exactly N.
**
** {H16130} When N is -1, the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,...)]
**          interface causes callbacks to be invoked for the SQL function
**          named X with any number of arguments.
**
** {H16133} When calls to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,...)]
**          specify multiple implementations of the same function X
**          and when one implementation has N>=0 and the other has N=(-1)
**          the implementation with a non-zero N is preferred.
**
** {H16136} When calls to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,...)]
**          specify multiple implementations of the same function X with
**          the same number of arguments N but with different
**          encodings E, then the implementation where E matches the
**          database encoding is preferred.
**
** {H16139} For an aggregate SQL function created using
**          [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,0,S,L)] the finalizer
**          function L will always be invoked exactly once if the
**          step function S is called one or more times.
**
** {H16142} When SQLite invokes either the xFunc or xStep function of
**          an application-defined SQL function or aggregate created
**          by [sqlite3_create_function()] or [sqlite3_create_function16()],
**          then the array of [sqlite3_value] objects passed as the
**          third parameter are always [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
*/
int sqlite3_create_function(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zFunctionName,
  int nArg,
  int eTextRep,
  void *pApp,

**
** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue 
** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
** using these functions, we are not going to tell you want they do.
*/
int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values {H15100} <S20200>
**
** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
** the function or aggregate.

** The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
** If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
**
** If another function was previously registered, its
** pArg value is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
**








** Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
**
** For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
** The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.

** database and table name containing the affected row.
** The final callback parameter is the rowid of the row. In the case of
** an update, this is the rowid after the update takes place.
**
** The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).
**







** If another function was previously registered, its pArg value
** is returned.  Otherwise NULL is returned.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {H12971} The [sqlite3_update_hook(D,F,P)] interface causes the callback
**          function F to be invoked with first parameter P whenever

** [database connection].  Module names must be registered before
** creating new virtual tables on the module, or before using
** preexisting virtual tables of the module.
**
** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
** removal in future releases of SQLite.
*/
int sqlite3_create_module(
  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
  const sqlite3_module *,    /* Methods for the module */
  void *                     /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation {H18210} <S20400>
** EXPERIMENTAL
**
** This routine is identical to the [sqlite3_create_module()] method above,
** except that it allows a destructor function to be specified. It is
** even more experimental than the rest of the virtual tables API.
*/
int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
  const sqlite3_module *,    /* Methods for the module */
  void *,                    /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
);

** The xCreate and xConnect methods of a module use the following API
** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
** the virtual tables they implement.
**
** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
** removal in future releases of SQLite.
*/
int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zCreateTable);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table {H18300} <S20400>
** EXPERIMENTAL
**
** Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
** using the xFindFunction method.  But global versions of those functions
** must exist in order to be overloaded.
**
** This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
** before this API is called, a new function is created.  The implementation
** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
** by virtual tables.
**
** This API should be considered part of the virtual table interface,
** which is experimental and subject to change.
*/
int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);

/*
** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
**

** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
*/
int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status {H17201} <S60200>
** EXPERIMENTAL
**
** This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information 
** about a single [database connection].  The first argument is the
** database connection object to be interrogated.  The second argument
** is the parameter to interrogate.  Currently, the only allowed value
** for the second parameter is [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED].
** Additional options will likely appear in future releases of SQLite.
**
** The current value of the request parameter is written into *pCur
** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  If
** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
** reset back down to the current value.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_status()].
*/
int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);





/*
** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters {H17250} <H17200>
** EXPERIMENTAL
**
** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].

*************************************************************************
** This header file defines the SQLite interface for use by
** shared libraries that want to be imported as extensions into
** an SQLite instance.  Shared libraries that intend to be loaded
** as extensions by SQLite should #include this file instead of 
** sqlite3.h.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqlite3ext.h,v 1.13 2008/08/06 21:45:32 rmsimpson Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE3EXT_H_
#define _SQLITE3EXT_H_
#include "sqlite3.h"

typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;

EndProject
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "System.Data.SQLite - Compact", "System.Data.SQLite\System.Data.SQLite - Compact.csproj", "{AC139951-261A-4463-B6FA-AEBC25283A66}"
EndProject
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "test", "test\test.csproj", "{E27B1B1E-19C0-45E8-AA74-B6E1C041A130}"
EndProject
Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "SQLite.Interop", "SQLite.Interop\SQLite.Interop.vcproj", "{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}"
	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
		{AC139951-261A-4463-B6FA-AEBC25283A66} = {AC139951-261A-4463-B6FA-AEBC25283A66}
		{AC139952-261A-4463-B6FA-AEBC25283A66} = {AC139952-261A-4463-B6FA-AEBC25283A66}
	EndProjectSection
EndProject
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "testce", "testce\testce.csproj", "{B86CE504-C4E4-496F-A0F0-E613BCFD3DF7}"
	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
		{AC139951-261A-4463-B6FA-AEBC25283A66} = {AC139951-261A-4463-B6FA-AEBC25283A66}
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80} = {10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}

		{E27B1B1E-19C0-45E8-AA74-B6E1C041A130}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
		{E27B1B1E-19C0-45E8-AA74-B6E1C041A130}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
		{E27B1B1E-19C0-45E8-AA74-B6E1C041A130}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
		{E27B1B1E-19C0-45E8-AA74-B6E1C041A130}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|x86
		{E27B1B1E-19C0-45E8-AA74-B6E1C041A130}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
		{E27B1B1E-19C0-45E8-AA74-B6E1C041A130}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Compact Framework (ARMV4).ActiveCfg = Debug|Pocket PC 2003 (ARMV4)
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Compact Framework (ARMV4).Build.0 = Debug|Pocket PC 2003 (ARMV4)
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Compact Framework (ARMV4).Deploy.0 = Debug|Pocket PC 2003 (ARMV4)
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Itanium.ActiveCfg = Debug|Itanium
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Itanium.Build.0 = Debug|Itanium
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Itanium.Deploy.0 = Debug|Itanium
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|Win32.Deploy.0 = Debug|Win32

		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug - Stock|x64.Deploy.0 = Debug|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug|Compact Framework (ARMV4).ActiveCfg = Debug|Pocket PC 2003 (ARMV4)
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug|Compact Framework (ARMV4).Build.0 = Debug|Pocket PC 2003 (ARMV4)
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Debug|Compact Framework (ARMV4).Deploy.0 = Debug|Pocket PC 2003 (ARMV4)

		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release - Stock|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release - Stock|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release - Stock|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release - Stock|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Compact Framework (ARMV4).ActiveCfg = Release|Pocket PC 2003 (ARMV4)
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Compact Framework (ARMV4).Build.0 = Release|Pocket PC 2003 (ARMV4)
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Compact Framework (ARMV4).Deploy.0 = Release|Pocket PC 2003 (ARMV4)
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Itanium.ActiveCfg = Release|Itanium
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Itanium.Build.0 = Release|Itanium
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|x64
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
		{10B51CE8-A838-44DE-BD82-B658F0296F80}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64

using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;




// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following 
// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
// associated with an assembly.
[assembly: AssemblyTitle("System.Data.SQLite.Linq")]
[assembly: AssemblyDescription("ADO.NET 2.0 Data Provider for SQLite")]
[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
[assembly: AssemblyCompany("http://sqlite.phxsoftware.com")]
[assembly: AssemblyProduct("System.Data.SQLite")]
[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Public Domain")]
[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]

// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible 
// to COM components.  If you need to access a type in this assembly from 
// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
[assembly: ComVisible(false)]

// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
[assembly: Guid("d9d0877d-53d0-4ba6-962e-66b7e1663478")]


// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
//
//      Major Version
//      Minor Version 
//      Build Number
//      Revision
//
// You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers 
// by using the '*' as shown below:
// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
[assembly: AssemblyVersion("2.0.36.0")]
[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("2.0.36.0")]

        ,   c.COLLATION_CATALOG [CollationCatalog]
        ,   c.COLLATION_SCHEMA [CollationSchema]
        ,   c.COLLATION_NAME [CollationName]
        ,   c.CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG [CharacterSetCatalog]
        ,   c.CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA [CharacterSetSchema]
        ,   c.CHARACTER_SET_NAME [CharacterSetName]
        ,   0 as [IsMultiSet]
        ,   c.PRIMARY_KEY as [IsIdentity]
        ,   0 as [IsStoreGenerated]
        , c.COLUMN_DEFAULT as [Default]
        FROM
        TEMP.SCHEMACOLUMNS c
      </DefiningQuery>
    </EntitySet>

        TEMP.SCHEMAVIEWS
      </DefiningQuery>
    </EntitySet>

    <EntitySet Name="SViewColumns" EntityType="Self.ViewColumn">
      <DefiningQuery>
        SELECT
        '[' || c.TABLE_NAME || ']' || '[' || c.COLUMN_NAME || ']' COLLATE NOCASE [Id]
        ,   '[' || c.TABLE_NAME || ']' COLLATE NOCASE                             [ParentId]
        ,   c.COLUMN_NAME   [Name]
        ,   c.ORDINAL_POSITION [Ordinal]
        ,   c.IS_NULLABLE [IsNullable]
        ,   c.EDM_TYPE [TypeName]
        ,   c.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH [MaxLength]
        ,   c.NUMERIC_PRECISION [Precision]
        ,   c.DATETIME_PRECISION as [DateTimePrecision]
        ,   c.NUMERIC_SCALE [Scale]
        ,   c.COLLATION_CATALOG [CollationCatalog]
        ,   c.COLLATION_SCHEMA [CollationSchema]
        ,   c.COLLATION_NAME [CollationName]
        ,   c.CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG [CharacterSetCatalog]
        ,   c.CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA [CharacterSetSchema]
        ,   c.CHARACTER_SET_NAME [CharacterSetName]
        ,   0 as [IsMultiSet]
        ,   c.PRIMARY_KEY as [IsIdentity]
        ,   0 as [IsStoreGenerated]
        ,   c.COLUMN_DEFAULT [Default]
        FROM
        TEMP.SCHEMAVIEWCOLUMNS c
      </DefiningQuery>
    </EntitySet>

        FROM
        TEMP.SCHEMACONSTRAINTCOLUMNS
      </DefiningQuery>
    </EntitySet>

    <EntitySet Name="SForeignKeyConstraints" EntityType="Self.ForeignKeyConstraint">
      <DefiningQuery>
        SELECT
        '[' || rc.CONSTRAINT_NAME || ']'  COLLATE NOCASE [Id]
        , 'NO ACTION'  COLLATE NOCASE [UpdateRule]
        , 'NO ACTION'  COLLATE NOCASE [DeleteRule]
        FROM
        TEMP.SCHEMAFOREIGNKEYS rc
      </DefiningQuery>
    </EntitySet>

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="SqlGenerator.cs" company="Microsoft">
//      Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
//---------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Data.Metadata.Edm;
using System.Data.Common.CommandTrees;
using System.Data;



namespace System.Data.SQLite
{
  /// <summary>
  /// Translates the command object into a SQL string that can be executed on
  /// SQL Server 2005.
  /// </summary>
  /// <remarks>
  /// The translation is implemented as a visitor <see cref="DbExpressionVisitor{T}"/>
  /// over the query tree.  It makes a single pass over the tree, collecting the sql
  /// fragments for the various nodes in the tree <see cref="ISqlFragment"/>.
  ///
  /// The major operations are
  /// <list type="bullet">
  /// <item>Select statement minimization.  Multiple nodes in the query tree
  /// that can be part of a single SQL select statement are merged. e.g. a
  /// Filter node that is the input of a Project node can typically share the
  /// same SQL statement.</item>
  /// <item>Alpha-renaming.  As a result of the statement minimization above, there
  /// could be name collisions when using correlated subqueries
  /// <example>
  /// <code>
  /// Filter(
  ///     b = Project( c.x
  ///         c = Extent(foo)
  ///         )
  ///     exists (
  ///         Filter(
  ///             c = Extent(foo)
  ///             b.x = c.x
  ///             )
  ///     )
  /// )
  /// </code>
  /// The first Filter, Project and Extent will share the same SQL select statement.
  /// The alias for the Project i.e. b, will be replaced with c.
  /// If the alias c for the Filter within the exists clause is not renamed,
  /// we will get <c>c.x = c.x</c>, which is incorrect.
  /// Instead, the alias c within the second filter should be renamed to c1, to give
  /// <c>c.x = c1.x</c> i.e. b is renamed to c, and c is renamed to c1.
  /// </example>
  /// </item>
  /// <item>Join flattening.  In the query tree, a list of join nodes is typically
  /// represented as a tree of Join nodes, each with 2 children. e.g.
  /// <example>
  /// <code>
  /// a = Join(InnerJoin
  ///     b = Join(CrossJoin
  ///         c = Extent(foo)
  ///         d = Extent(foo)
  ///         )
  ///     e = Extent(foo)
  ///     on b.c.x = e.x
  ///     )
  /// </code>
  /// If translated directly, this will be translated to
  /// <code>
  /// FROM ( SELECT c.*, d.*
  ///         FROM foo as c
  ///         CROSS JOIN foo as d) as b
  /// INNER JOIN foo as e on b.x' = e.x
  /// </code>
  /// It would be better to translate this as
  /// <code>
  /// FROM foo as c
  /// CROSS JOIN foo as d
  /// INNER JOIN foo as e on c.x = e.x
  /// </code>
  /// This allows the optimizer to choose an appropriate join ordering for evaluation.
  /// </example>
  /// </item>
  /// <item>Select * and column renaming.  In the example above, we noticed that
  /// in some cases we add <c>SELECT * FROM ...</c> to complete the SQL
  /// statement. i.e. there is no explicit PROJECT list.
  /// In this case, we enumerate all the columns available in the FROM clause
  /// This is particularly problematic in the case of Join trees, since the columns
  /// from the extents joined might have the same name - this is illegal.  To solve
  /// this problem, we will have to rename columns if they are part of a SELECT *
  /// for a JOIN node - we do not need renaming in any other situation.
  /// <see cref="SqlGenerator.AddDefaultColumns"/>.
  /// </item>
  /// </list>
  ///
  /// <para>
  /// Renaming issues.
  /// When rows or columns are renamed, we produce names that are unique globally
  /// with respect to the query.  The names are derived from the original names,
  /// with an integer as a suffix. e.g. CustomerId will be renamed to CustomerId1,
  /// CustomerId2 etc.
  ///
  /// Since the names generated are globally unique, they will not conflict when the
  /// columns of a JOIN SELECT statement are joined with another JOIN. 
  ///
  /// </para>
  ///
  /// <para>
  /// Record flattening.
  /// SQL server does not have the concept of records.  However, a join statement
  /// produces records.  We have to flatten the record accesses into a simple
  /// <c>alias.column</c> form.  <see cref="SqlGenerator.Visit(DbPropertyExpression)"/>

  /// </para>
  ///
  /// <para>
  /// Building the SQL.
  /// There are 2 phases
  /// <list type="numbered">
  /// <item>Traverse the tree, producing a sql builder <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></item>
  /// <item>Write the SqlBuilder into a string, renaming the aliases and columns
  /// as needed.</item>
  /// </list>
  ///
  /// In the first phase, we traverse the tree.  We cannot generate the SQL string
  /// right away, since
  /// <list type="bullet">
  /// <item>The WHERE clause has to be visited before the from clause.</item>
  /// <item>extent aliases and column aliases need to be renamed.  To minimize
  /// renaming collisions, all the names used must be known, before any renaming
  /// choice is made.</item>
  /// </list>
  /// To defer the renaming choices, we use symbols <see cref="Symbol"/>.  These
  /// are renamed in the second phase.
  ///
  /// Since visitor methods cannot transfer information to child nodes through
  /// parameters, we use some global stacks,
  /// <list type="bullet">
  /// <item>A stack for the current SQL select statement.  This is needed by
  /// <see cref="SqlGenerator.Visit(DbVariableReferenceExpression)"/> to create a
  /// list of free variables used by a select statement.  This is needed for
  /// alias renaming.
  /// </item>
  /// <item>A stack for the join context.  When visiting a <see cref="DbScanExpression"/>,
  /// we need to know whether we are inside a join or not.  If we are inside
  /// a join, we do not create a new SELECT statement.</item>
  /// </list>
  /// </para>
  ///
  /// <para>
  /// Global state.
  /// To enable renaming, we maintain
  /// <list type="bullet">
  /// <item>The set of all extent aliases used.</item>
  /// <item>The set of all column aliases used.</item>
  /// </list>
  ///
  /// Finally, we have a symbol table to lookup variable references.  All references
  /// to the same extent have the same symbol.
  /// </para>
  ///
  /// <para>
  /// Sql select statement sharing.
  ///
  /// Each of the relational operator nodes
  /// <list type="bullet">
  /// <item>Project</item>
  /// <item>Filter</item>
  /// <item>GroupBy</item>
  /// <item>Sort/OrderBy</item>
  /// </list>
  /// can add its non-input (e.g. project, predicate, sort order etc.) to
  /// the SQL statement for the input, or create a new SQL statement.
  /// If it chooses to reuse the input's SQL statement, we play the following
  /// symbol table trick to accomplish renaming.  The symbol table entry for
  /// the alias of the current node points to the symbol for the input in
  /// the input's SQL statement.
  /// <example>
  /// <code>
  /// Project(b.x
  ///     b = Filter(
  ///         c = Extent(foo)
  ///         c.x = 5)
  ///     )
  /// </code>
  /// The Extent node creates a new SqlSelectStatement.  This is added to the
  /// symbol table by the Filter as {c, Symbol(c)}.  Thus, <c>c.x</c> is resolved to
  /// <c>Symbol(c).x</c>.
  /// Looking at the project node, we add {b, Symbol(c)} to the symbol table if the
  /// SQL statement is reused, and {b, Symbol(b)}, if there is no reuse.
  ///
  /// Thus, <c>b.x</c> is resolved to <c>Symbol(c).x</c> if there is reuse, and to
  /// <c>Symbol(b).x</c> if there is no reuse.
  /// </example>
  /// </para>
  /// </remarks>
  internal sealed class SqlGenerator : DbExpressionVisitor<ISqlFragment>
  {
    private SQLiteProviderManifest _manifest;

    #region Visitor parameter stacks
    /// <summary>
    /// Every relational node has to pass its SELECT statement to its children
    /// This allows them (DbVariableReferenceExpression eventually) to update the list of
    /// outer extents (free variables) used by this select statement.
    /// </summary>
    Stack<SqlSelectStatement> selectStatementStack;

    /// <summary>
    /// The top of the stack
    /// </summary>
    private SqlSelectStatement CurrentSelectStatement
    {
      // There is always something on the stack, so we can always Peek.
      get { return selectStatementStack.Peek(); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Nested joins and extents need to know whether they should create
    /// a new Select statement, or reuse the parent's.  This flag
    /// indicates whether the parent is a join or not.
    /// </summary>
    Stack<bool> isParentAJoinStack;

    /// <summary>
    /// The top of the stack
    /// </summary>
    private bool IsParentAJoin
    {
      // There might be no entry on the stack if a Join node has never
      // been seen, so we return false in that case.
      get { return isParentAJoinStack.Count == 0 ? false : isParentAJoinStack.Peek(); }
    }

    #endregion

    #region Global lists and state
    Dictionary<string, int> allExtentNames;
    internal Dictionary<string, int> AllExtentNames
    {
      get { return allExtentNames; }
    }

    // For each column name, we store the last integer suffix that
    // was added to produce a unique column name.  This speeds up
    // the creation of the next unique name for this column name.
    Dictionary<string, int> allColumnNames;
    internal Dictionary<string, int> AllColumnNames
    {
      get { return allColumnNames; }
    }

    SymbolTable symbolTable = new SymbolTable();

    /// <summary>
    /// VariableReferenceExpressions are allowed only as children of DbPropertyExpression
    /// or MethodExpression.  The cheapest way to ensure this is to set the following
    /// property in DbVariableReferenceExpression and reset it in the allowed parent expressions.
    /// </summary>
    bool isVarRefSingle = false;

    #endregion

    #region Statics
    static private readonly Dictionary<string, FunctionHandler> _builtInFunctionHandlers = InitializeBuiltInFunctionHandlers();
    static private readonly Dictionary<string, FunctionHandler> _canonicalFunctionHandlers = InitializeCanonicalFunctionHandlers();
    static private readonly Dictionary<string, string> _functionNameToOperatorDictionary = InitializeFunctionNameToOperatorDictionary();
    static private readonly Dictionary<string, string> _datepartKeywords = InitializeDatepartKeywords();
    static private readonly char[] hexDigits = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };

    private delegate ISqlFragment FunctionHandler(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression functionExpr);

    /// <summary>
    /// All special built-in functions and their handlers
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static Dictionary<string, FunctionHandler> InitializeBuiltInFunctionHandlers()
    {
      Dictionary<string, FunctionHandler> functionHandlers = new Dictionary<string, FunctionHandler>(7, StringComparer.Ordinal);
      functionHandlers.Add("CONCAT", HandleConcatFunction);
      functionHandlers.Add("DATEPART", HandleDatepartDateFunction);
      functionHandlers.Add("DatePart", HandleDatepartDateFunction);
      functionHandlers.Add("GETDATE", HandleGetDateFunction);
      functionHandlers.Add("GETUTCDATE", HandleGetUtcDateFunction);
      return functionHandlers;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// All special non-aggregate canonical functions and their handlers
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static Dictionary<string, FunctionHandler> InitializeCanonicalFunctionHandlers()
    {
      Dictionary<string, FunctionHandler> functionHandlers = new Dictionary<string, FunctionHandler>(16, StringComparer.Ordinal);
      functionHandlers.Add("IndexOf", HandleCanonicalFunctionIndexOf);
      functionHandlers.Add("Length", HandleCanonicalFunctionLength);
      functionHandlers.Add("NewGuid", HandleCanonicalFunctionNewGuid);
      functionHandlers.Add("Round", HandleCanonicalFunctionRound);
      functionHandlers.Add("ToLower", HandleCanonicalFunctionToLower);
      functionHandlers.Add("ToUpper", HandleCanonicalFunctionToUpper);
      functionHandlers.Add("Trim", HandleCanonicalFunctionTrim);

      //DatePartFunctions
      functionHandlers.Add("Year", HandleCanonicalFunctionDatepart);
      functionHandlers.Add("Month", HandleCanonicalFunctionDatepart);
      functionHandlers.Add("Day", HandleCanonicalFunctionDatepart);
      functionHandlers.Add("Hour", HandleCanonicalFunctionDatepart);
      functionHandlers.Add("Minute", HandleCanonicalFunctionDatepart);
      functionHandlers.Add("Second", HandleCanonicalFunctionDatepart);
      functionHandlers.Add("DateAdd", HandleCanonicalFunctionDateAdd);
      functionHandlers.Add("DateDiff", HandleCanonicalFunctionDateSubtract);
      functionHandlers.Add("DATEADD", HandleCanonicalFunctionDateAdd); // store
      functionHandlers.Add("DATEDIFF", HandleCanonicalFunctionDateSubtract); // store

      //Functions that translate to operators
      functionHandlers.Add("Concat", HandleConcatFunction);
      functionHandlers.Add("BitwiseAnd", HandleCanonicalFunctionBitwise);
      functionHandlers.Add("BitwiseNot", HandleCanonicalFunctionBitwise);
      functionHandlers.Add("BitwiseOr", HandleCanonicalFunctionBitwise);
      functionHandlers.Add("BitwiseXor", HandleCanonicalFunctionBitwise);
      return functionHandlers;
    }

    /// <summary>

    /// Valid datepart values
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>






    private static Dictionary<string, string> InitializeDatepartKeywords()
    {

      #region Datepart Keywords
      //
      // valid datepart values

      //
      Dictionary<string, string> datepartKeywords = new Dictionary<string, string>(30, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
      datepartKeywords.Add("d", "%d");
      datepartKeywords.Add("day", "%d");
      datepartKeywords.Add("dayofyear", "%j");
      datepartKeywords.Add("dd", "%d");
      datepartKeywords.Add("dw", "%w");
      datepartKeywords.Add("dy", "%j");
      datepartKeywords.Add("hh", "%H");
      datepartKeywords.Add("hour", "%H");
      datepartKeywords.Add("m", "%m");
      datepartKeywords.Add("mi", "%M");
      datepartKeywords.Add("millisecond", "%f");
      datepartKeywords.Add("minute", "%M");
      datepartKeywords.Add("mm", "%m");
      datepartKeywords.Add("month", "%m");
      datepartKeywords.Add("ms", "%f");
      datepartKeywords.Add("n", "%M");
      datepartKeywords.Add("s", "%S");
      datepartKeywords.Add("second", "%S");
      datepartKeywords.Add("ss", "%S");
      datepartKeywords.Add("week", "%W");
      datepartKeywords.Add("weekday", "%w");
      datepartKeywords.Add("wk", "%W");
      datepartKeywords.Add("ww", "%W");
      datepartKeywords.Add("y", "%Y");
      datepartKeywords.Add("year", "%Y");
      datepartKeywords.Add("yy", "%Y");
      datepartKeywords.Add("yyyy", "%Y");
      return datepartKeywords;
      #endregion
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes the mapping from functions to T-SQL operators
    /// for all functions that translate to T-SQL operators
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static Dictionary<string, string> InitializeFunctionNameToOperatorDictionary()
    {
      Dictionary<string, string> functionNameToOperatorDictionary = new Dictionary<string, string>(5, StringComparer.Ordinal);
      functionNameToOperatorDictionary.Add("Concat", "||");    //canonical
      functionNameToOperatorDictionary.Add("CONCAT", "||");    //store
      functionNameToOperatorDictionary.Add("BitwiseAnd", "&");
      functionNameToOperatorDictionary.Add("BitwiseNot", "~");
      functionNameToOperatorDictionary.Add("BitwiseOr", "|");
      functionNameToOperatorDictionary.Add("BitwiseXor", "^");
      return functionNameToOperatorDictionary;
    }

    #endregion

    #region Constructor
    /// <summary>
    /// Basic constructor. 
    /// </summary>
    private SqlGenerator(SQLiteProviderManifest manifest)
    {
      _manifest = manifest;
    }
    #endregion

    #region Entry points
    /// <summary>
    /// General purpose static function that can be called from System.Data assembly
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlVersion">Server version</param>
    /// <param name="tree">command tree</param>
    /// <param name="parameters">Parameters to add to the command tree corresponding
    /// to constants in the command tree. Used only in ModificationCommandTrees.</param>
    /// <returns>The string representing the SQL to be executed.</returns>
    internal static string GenerateSql(SQLiteProviderManifest manifest, DbCommandTree tree, out List<DbParameter> parameters, out CommandType commandType)
    {
      commandType = CommandType.Text;

      //Handle Query
      DbQueryCommandTree queryCommandTree = tree as DbQueryCommandTree;
      if (queryCommandTree != null)
      {
        SqlGenerator sqlGen = new SqlGenerator(manifest);
        parameters = null;
        
        string sql = sqlGen.GenerateSql((DbQueryCommandTree)tree);

        return sql;
      }

      //Handle Function
      DbFunctionCommandTree DbFunctionCommandTree = tree as DbFunctionCommandTree;
      if (DbFunctionCommandTree != null)
      {
        SqlGenerator sqlGen = new SqlGenerator(manifest);
        parameters = null;

        string sql = sqlGen.GenerateFunctionSql(DbFunctionCommandTree, out commandType);

        return sql;
      }

      //Handle Insert
      DbInsertCommandTree insertCommandTree = tree as DbInsertCommandTree;
      if (insertCommandTree != null)
      {
        return DmlSqlGenerator.GenerateInsertSql(insertCommandTree, out parameters);
      }

      //Handle Delete
      DbDeleteCommandTree deleteCommandTree = tree as DbDeleteCommandTree;
      if (deleteCommandTree != null)
      {
        return DmlSqlGenerator.GenerateDeleteSql(deleteCommandTree, out parameters);
      }

      //Handle Update
      DbUpdateCommandTree updateCommandTree = tree as DbUpdateCommandTree;
      if (updateCommandTree != null)
      {
        return DmlSqlGenerator.GenerateUpdateSql(updateCommandTree, out parameters);
      }

      throw new NotSupportedException("Unrecognized command tree type");
    }
    #endregion

    StringBuilder _typeDefs = new StringBuilder();

    #region Driver Methods
    /// <summary>
    /// Translate a command tree to a SQL string.
    ///
    /// The input tree could be translated to either a SQL SELECT statement
    /// or a SELECT expression.  This choice is made based on the return type
    /// of the expression
    /// CollectionType => select statement
    /// non collection type => select expression
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="tree"></param>
    /// <returns>The string representing the SQL to be executed.</returns>
    private string GenerateSql(DbQueryCommandTree tree)
    {
      // Tree Validation seems to have disappeared from the public method list in SP1 RC
      //tree.Validate();
      tree.GetType().InvokeMember("Validate", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, tree, null);

      selectStatementStack = new Stack<SqlSelectStatement>();
      isParentAJoinStack = new Stack<bool>();

      allExtentNames = new Dictionary<string, int>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
      allColumnNames = new Dictionary<string, int>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

      // Literals will not be converted to parameters.

      ISqlFragment result;
      if (MetadataHelpers.IsCollectionType(tree.Query.ResultType))
      {
        SqlSelectStatement sqlStatement = VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(tree.Query);
        Debug.Assert(sqlStatement != null, "The outer most sql statment is null");
        sqlStatement.IsTopMost = true;
        result = sqlStatement;

      }
      else
      {
        SqlBuilder sqlBuilder = new SqlBuilder();
        sqlBuilder.Append("SELECT ");
        sqlBuilder.Append(tree.Query.Accept(this));

        result = sqlBuilder;
      }

      if (isVarRefSingle)
      {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
        // A DbVariableReferenceExpression has to be a child of DbPropertyExpression or MethodExpression
      }

      // Check that the parameter stacks are not leaking.
      Debug.Assert(selectStatementStack.Count == 0);
      Debug.Assert(isParentAJoinStack.Count == 0);

      if (_typeDefs.Length > 0)
      {
        _typeDefs.Insert(0x0, "TYPES ");
        _typeDefs.Append(";\r\n");
        _typeDefs.Append(WriteSql(result));
        return _typeDefs.ToString();
      }

      return WriteSql(result);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Translate a function command tree to a SQL string.
    /// </summary>
    private string GenerateFunctionSql(DbFunctionCommandTree tree, out CommandType commandType)
    {
      // Tree Validation seems to have disappeared from the public method list in SP1 RC
      //tree.Validate();
      tree.GetType().InvokeMember("Validate", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, tree, null);

      EdmFunction function = tree.EdmFunction;

      // We expect function to always have these properties
      string userCommandText = (string)function.MetadataProperties["CommandTextAttribute"].Value;
      string userSchemaName = (string)function.MetadataProperties["Schema"].Value;
      string userFuncName = (string)function.MetadataProperties["StoreFunctionNameAttribute"].Value;

      if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(userCommandText))
      {
        // build a quoted description of the function
        commandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

        // if the schema name is not explicitly given, it is assumed to be the metadata namespace
        string schemaName = String.IsNullOrEmpty(userSchemaName) ?
            function.NamespaceName : userSchemaName;

        // if the function store name is not explicitly given, it is assumed to be the metadata name
        string functionName = String.IsNullOrEmpty(userFuncName) ?
            function.Name : userFuncName;

        // quote elements of function text
        string quotedSchemaName = QuoteIdentifier(schemaName);
        string quotedFunctionName = QuoteIdentifier(functionName);

        // separator
        const string schemaSeparator = ".";

        // concatenate elements of function text
        string quotedFunctionText = quotedSchemaName + schemaSeparator + quotedFunctionName;

        return quotedFunctionText;
      }
      else
      {
        // if the user has specified the command text, pass it through verbatim and choose CommandType.Text
        commandType = CommandType.Text;
        return userCommandText;
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Convert the SQL fragments to a string.
    /// We have to setup the Stream for writing.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlStatement"></param>
    /// <returns>A string representing the SQL to be executed.</returns>
    string WriteSql(ISqlFragment sqlStatement)
    {
      StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(1024);
      using (SqlWriter writer = new SqlWriter(builder))
      {
        sqlStatement.WriteSql(writer, this);
      }

      return builder.ToString();
    }
    #endregion

    #region DbExpressionVisitor Members

    /// <summary>
    /// Translate(left) AND Translate(right)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/>.</returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbAndExpression e)
    {
      return VisitBinaryExpression(" AND ", e.Left, e.Right);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// An apply is just like a join, so it shares the common join processing
    /// in <see cref="VisitJoinExpression"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/>.</returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbApplyExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException("APPLY joins are not supported");

      //List<DbExpressionBinding> inputs = new List<DbExpressionBinding>();
      //inputs.Add(e.Input);
      //inputs.Add(e.Apply);

      //string joinString;
      //switch (e.ExpressionKind)
      //{
      //  case DbExpressionKind.CrossApply:
      //    joinString = "CROSS APPLY";
      //    break;

      //  case DbExpressionKind.OuterApply:
      //    joinString = "OUTER APPLY";
      //    break;

      //  default:
      //    Debug.Assert(false);
      //    throw new InvalidOperationException();
      //}

      //// The join condition does not exist in this case, so we use null.
      //// We do not have a on clause, so we use JoinType.CrossJoin.
      //return VisitJoinExpression(inputs, DbExpressionKind.CrossJoin, joinString, null);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// For binary expressions, we delegate to <see cref="VisitBinaryExpression"/>.
    /// We handle the other expressions directly.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbArithmeticExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result;

      switch (e.ExpressionKind)
      {
        case DbExpressionKind.Divide:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" / ", e.Arguments[0], e.Arguments[1]);
          break;
        case DbExpressionKind.Minus:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" - ", e.Arguments[0], e.Arguments[1]);
          break;
        case DbExpressionKind.Modulo:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" % ", e.Arguments[0], e.Arguments[1]);
          break;
        case DbExpressionKind.Multiply:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" * ", e.Arguments[0], e.Arguments[1]);
          break;
        case DbExpressionKind.Plus:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" + ", e.Arguments[0], e.Arguments[1]);
          break;

        case DbExpressionKind.UnaryMinus:
          result = new SqlBuilder();
          result.Append(" -(");
          result.Append(e.Arguments[0].Accept(this));
          result.Append(")");
          break;

        default:
          Debug.Assert(false);
          throw new InvalidOperationException();
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// If the ELSE clause is null, we do not write it out.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbCaseExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();

      Debug.Assert(e.When.Count == e.Then.Count);

      result.Append("CASE");
      for (int i = 0; i < e.When.Count; ++i)
      {
        result.Append(" WHEN (");
        result.Append(e.When[i].Accept(this));
        result.Append(") THEN ");
        result.Append(e.Then[i].Accept(this));
      }
      if (e.Else != null && !(e.Else is DbNullExpression))
      {
        result.Append(" ELSE ");
        result.Append(e.Else.Accept(this));
      }

      result.Append(" END");

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbCastExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      result.Append(e.Argument.Accept(this));
      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The parser generates Not(Equals(...)) for &lt;&gt;.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/>.</returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbComparisonExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result;
      switch (e.ExpressionKind)
      {
        case DbExpressionKind.Equals:
          //if (e.Left.ResultType.EdmType.Name == "String" && e.Right.ResultType.EdmType.Name == "String")
          //  result = VisitBinaryExpression(" LIKE ", e.Left, e.Right);
          //else
            result = VisitBinaryExpression(" = ", e.Left, e.Right);
          break;
        case DbExpressionKind.LessThan:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" < ", e.Left, e.Right);
          break;
        case DbExpressionKind.LessThanOrEquals:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" <= ", e.Left, e.Right);
          break;
        case DbExpressionKind.GreaterThan:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" > ", e.Left, e.Right);
          break;
        case DbExpressionKind.GreaterThanOrEquals:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" >= ", e.Left, e.Right);
          break;
        // The parser does not generate the expression kind below.
        case DbExpressionKind.NotEquals:
          result = VisitBinaryExpression(" <> ", e.Left, e.Right);
          break;

        default:
          Debug.Assert(false);  // The constructor should have prevented this
          throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Empty);
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Constants will be send to the store as part of the generated TSQL, not as parameters
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/>.  Strings are wrapped in single
    /// quotes and escaped.  Numbers are written literally.</returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbConstantExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();

      PrimitiveTypeKind typeKind;
      // Model Types can be (at the time of this implementation):
      //      Binary, Boolean, Byte, DateTime, Decimal, Double, Guid, Int16, Int32, Int64,Single, String
      if (MetadataHelpers.TryGetPrimitiveTypeKind(e.ResultType, out typeKind))
      {
        switch (typeKind)
        {
          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Int32:
            // default sql server type for integral values.
            result.Append(e.Value.ToString());
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Binary:
            result.Append(" 0x");
            result.Append(ByteArrayToBinaryString((Byte[])e.Value));
            result.Append(" ");
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Boolean:
            result.Append((bool)e.Value ? "1" : "0");
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Byte:
            result.Append(e.Value.ToString());
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.DateTime:
            result.Append(EscapeSingleQuote(((System.DateTime)e.Value).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), false /* IsUnicode */));
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Decimal:
            string strDecimal = ((Decimal)e.Value).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            // if the decimal value has no decimal part, cast as decimal to preserve type
            // if the number has precision > int64 max precision, it will be handled as decimal by sql server
            // and does not need cast. if precision is lest then 20, then cast using Max(literal precision, sql default precision)
            if (-1 == strDecimal.IndexOf('.') && (strDecimal.TrimStart(new char[] { '-' }).Length < 20))
            {
              byte precision = (Byte)strDecimal.Length;
              FacetDescription precisionFacetDescription;
              Debug.Assert(MetadataHelpers.TryGetTypeFacetDescriptionByName(e.ResultType.EdmType, "precision", out precisionFacetDescription), "Decimal primitive type must have Precision facet");
              if (MetadataHelpers.TryGetTypeFacetDescriptionByName(e.ResultType.EdmType, "precision", out precisionFacetDescription))
              {
                if (precisionFacetDescription.DefaultValue != null)
                {
                  precision = Math.Max(precision, (byte)precisionFacetDescription.DefaultValue);
                }
              }
              Debug.Assert(precision > 0, "Precision must be greater than zero");
              result.Append(strDecimal);
            }
            else
            {
              result.Append(strDecimal);
            }
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Double:
            result.Append(((Double)e.Value).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Guid:
            result.Append(EscapeSingleQuote(e.Value.ToString(), false /* IsUnicode */));
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Int16:
            result.Append(e.Value.ToString());
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Int64:
            result.Append(e.Value.ToString());
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.Single:
            result.Append(((Single)e.Value).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
            break;

          case PrimitiveTypeKind.String:
            bool isUnicode = MetadataHelpers.GetFacetValueOrDefault<bool>(e.ResultType, MetadataHelpers.UnicodeFacetName, true);
            result.Append(EscapeSingleQuote(e.Value as string, isUnicode));
            break;

          default:
            // all known scalar types should been handled already.
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }
      }
      else
      {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
      }

      return result;

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="DbDerefExpression"/> is illegal at this stage
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbDerefExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The DISTINCT has to be added to the beginning of SqlSelectStatement.Select,
    /// but it might be too late for that.  So, we use a flag on SqlSelectStatement
    /// instead, and add the "DISTINCT" in the second phase.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbDistinctExpression e)
    {
      SqlSelectStatement result = VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(e.Argument);

      if (!IsCompatible(result, e.ExpressionKind))
      {
        Symbol fromSymbol;
        TypeUsage inputType = MetadataHelpers.GetElementTypeUsage(e.Argument.ResultType);
        result = CreateNewSelectStatement(result, "DISTINCT", inputType, out fromSymbol);
        AddFromSymbol(result, "DISTINCT", fromSymbol, false);
      }

      result.IsDistinct = true;
      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// An element expression returns a scalar - so it is translated to
    /// ( Select ... )
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbElementExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      result.Append("(");
      result.Append(VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(e.Argument));
      result.Append(")");

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbUnionAllExpression)"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbExceptExpression e)
    {
      return VisitSetOpExpression(e.Left, e.Right, "EXCEPT");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Only concrete expression types will be visited.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbExpression e)
    {
      throw new InvalidOperationException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>If we are in a Join context, returns a <see cref="SqlBuilder"/>
    /// with the extent name, otherwise, a new <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/>
    /// with the From field set.</returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbScanExpression e)
    {
      EntitySetBase target = e.Target;

      if (IsParentAJoin)
      {
        SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
        result.Append(GetTargetTSql(target));

        return result;
      }
      else
      {
        SqlSelectStatement result = new SqlSelectStatement();
        result.From.Append(GetTargetTSql(target));

        return result;
      }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Gets escaped TSql identifier describing this entity set.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    internal static string GetTargetTSql(EntitySetBase entitySetBase)
    {
      // construct escaped T-SQL referencing entity set
      StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(50);
      string definingQuery = MetadataHelpers.TryGetValueForMetadataProperty<string>(entitySetBase, "DefiningQuery");
      if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(definingQuery))
      {
        builder.Append("(");
        builder.Append(definingQuery);
        builder.Append(")");
      }
      else
      {
        string schemaName = MetadataHelpers.TryGetValueForMetadataProperty<string>(entitySetBase, "Schema");
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(schemaName))
        {
          builder.Append(SqlGenerator.QuoteIdentifier(schemaName));
          builder.Append(".");
        }
        //else
        //{
        //  builder.Append(SqlGenerator.QuoteIdentifier(entitySetBase.EntityContainer.Name));
        //  builder.Append(".");
        //}

        string tableName = MetadataHelpers.TryGetValueForMetadataProperty<string>(entitySetBase, "Table");
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(tableName))
        {
          builder.Append(SqlGenerator.QuoteIdentifier(tableName));
        }
        else
        {
          builder.Append(SqlGenerator.QuoteIdentifier(entitySetBase.Name));
        }
      }
      return builder.ToString();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The bodies of <see cref="Visit(DbFilterExpression)"/>, <see cref="Visit(DbGroupByExpression)"/>,
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbProjectExpression)"/>, <see cref="Visit(DbSortExpression)"/> are similar.
    /// Each does the following.
    /// <list type="number">
    /// <item> Visit the input expression</item>
    /// <item> Determine if the input's SQL statement can be reused, or a new
    /// one must be created.</item>
    /// <item>Create a new symbol table scope</item>
    /// <item>Push the Sql statement onto a stack, so that children can
    /// update the free variable list.</item>
    /// <item>Visit the non-input expression.</item>
    /// <item>Cleanup</item>
    /// </list>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbFilterExpression e)
    {
      return VisitFilterExpression(e.Input, e.Predicate, false);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Lambda functions are not supported.
    /// The functions supported are:
    /// <list type="number">
    /// <item>Canonical Functions - We recognize these by their dataspace, it is DataSpace.CSpace</item>
    /// <item>Store Functions - We recognize these by the BuiltInAttribute and not being Canonical</item>
    /// <item>User-defined Functions - All the rest except for Lambda functions</item>
    /// </list>
    /// We handle Canonical and Store functions the same way: If they are in the list of functions 
    /// that need special handling, we invoke the appropriate handler, otherwise we translate them to
    /// FunctionName(arg1, arg2, ..., argn).
    /// We translate user-defined functions to NamespaceName.FunctionName(arg1, arg2, ..., argn).
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      // The check for a Lambda expression seems to have disappeared from the public method list in SP1 RC
      //if (e.IsLambda)
      //{
      //  throw new NotSupportedException();
      //}

      //
      // check if function requires special case processing, if so, delegates to it
      //
      if (IsSpecialBuiltInFunction(e))
      {
        return HandleSpecialBuiltInFunction(e);
      }

      if (IsSpecialCanonicalFunction(e))
      {
        return HandleSpecialCanonicalFunction(e);
      }

      return HandleFunctionDefault(e);
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="DbEntityRefExpression"/> is illegal at this stage
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbEntityRefExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="DbRefKeyExpression"/> is illegal at this stage
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbRefKeyExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbFilterExpression)"/> for general details.
    /// We modify both the GroupBy and the Select fields of the SqlSelectStatement.
    /// GroupBy gets just the keys without aliases,
    /// and Select gets the keys and the aggregates with aliases.
    /// 
    /// Whenever there exists at least one aggregate with an argument that is not is not a simple
    /// <see cref="DbPropertyExpression"/>  over <see cref="DbVariableReferenceExpression"/>, 
    /// we create a nested query in which we alias the arguments to the aggregates. 
    /// That is due to the following two limitations of Sql Server:
    /// <list type="number">
    /// <item>If an expression being aggregated contains an outer reference, then that outer 
    /// reference must be the only column referenced in the expression </item>
    /// <item>Sql Server cannot perform an aggregate function on an expression containing 
    /// an aggregate or a subquery. </item>
    /// </list>
    /// 
    /// The default translation, without inner query is: 
    /// 
    ///     SELECT 
    ///         kexp1 AS key1, kexp2 AS key2,... kexpn AS keyn, 
    ///         aggf1(aexpr1) AS agg1, .. aggfn(aexprn) AS aggn
    ///     FROM input AS a
    ///     GROUP BY kexp1, kexp2, .. kexpn
    /// 
    /// When we inject an innner query, the equivalent translation is:
    /// 
    ///     SELECT 
    ///         key1 AS key1, key2 AS key2, .. keyn AS keys,  
    ///         aggf1(agg1) AS agg1, aggfn(aggn) AS aggn
    ///     FROM (
    ///             SELECT 
    ///                 kexp1 AS key1, kexp2 AS key2,... kexpn AS keyn, 
    ///                 aexpr1 AS agg1, .. aexprn AS aggn
    ///             FROM input AS a
    ///         ) as a
    ///     GROUP BY key1, key2, keyn
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbGroupByExpression e)
    {
      Symbol fromSymbol;
      //SqlSelectStatement result = VisitInputExpression(e.Input.Expression,
      SqlSelectStatement innerQuery = VisitInputExpression(e.Input.Expression,
          e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);

      // GroupBy is compatible with Filter and OrderBy
      // but not with Project, GroupBy
      if (!IsCompatible(innerQuery, e.ExpressionKind))
      {
        innerQuery = CreateNewSelectStatement(innerQuery, e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);
      }

      selectStatementStack.Push(innerQuery);
      symbolTable.EnterScope();

      AddFromSymbol(innerQuery, e.Input.VariableName, fromSymbol);
      // This line is not present for other relational nodes.
      symbolTable.Add(e.Input.GroupVariableName, fromSymbol);


      // The enumerator is shared by both the keys and the aggregates,
      // so, we do not close it in between.
      RowType groupByType = MetadataHelpers.GetEdmType<RowType>(MetadataHelpers.GetEdmType<CollectionType>(e.ResultType).TypeUsage);

      //Whenever there exists at least one aggregate with an argument that is not simply a PropertyExpression 
      // over a VarRefExpression, we need a nested query in which we alias the arguments to the aggregates.
      bool needsInnerQuery = NeedsInnerQuery(e.Aggregates);

      SqlSelectStatement result;
      if (needsInnerQuery)
      {
        //Create the inner query
        result = CreateNewSelectStatement(innerQuery, e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, false, out fromSymbol);
        AddFromSymbol(result, e.Input.VariableName, fromSymbol, false);
      }
      else
      {
        result = innerQuery;
      }

      using (IEnumerator<EdmProperty> members = groupByType.Properties.GetEnumerator())
      {
        members.MoveNext();
        Debug.Assert(result.Select.IsEmpty);

        string separator = "";

        foreach (DbExpression key in e.Keys)
        {
          EdmProperty member = members.Current;
          string alias = QuoteIdentifier(member.Name);

          result.GroupBy.Append(separator);

          ISqlFragment keySql = key.Accept(this);

          if (!needsInnerQuery)
          {
            //Default translation: Key AS Alias
            result.Select.Append(separator);
            result.Select.AppendLine();
            result.Select.Append(keySql);
            result.Select.Append(" AS ");
            result.Select.Append(alias);

            result.GroupBy.Append(keySql);
          }
          else
          {
            // The inner query contains the default translation Key AS Alias
            innerQuery.Select.Append(separator);
            innerQuery.Select.AppendLine();
            innerQuery.Select.Append(keySql);
            innerQuery.Select.Append(" AS ");
            innerQuery.Select.Append(alias);

            //The outer resulting query projects over the key aliased in the inner query: 
            //  fromSymbol.Alias AS Alias
            result.Select.Append(separator);
            result.Select.AppendLine();
            result.Select.Append(fromSymbol);
            result.Select.Append(".");
            result.Select.Append(alias);
            result.Select.Append(" AS ");
            result.Select.Append(alias);

            result.GroupBy.Append(alias);
          }

          separator = ", ";
          members.MoveNext();
        }

        foreach (DbAggregate aggregate in e.Aggregates)
        {
          EdmProperty member = members.Current;
          string alias = QuoteIdentifier(member.Name);

          Debug.Assert(aggregate.Arguments.Count == 1);
          ISqlFragment translatedAggregateArgument = aggregate.Arguments[0].Accept(this);

          object aggregateArgument;

          if (needsInnerQuery)
          {
            //In this case the argument to the aggratete is reference to the one projected out by the
            // inner query
            SqlBuilder wrappingAggregateArgument = new SqlBuilder();
            wrappingAggregateArgument.Append(fromSymbol);
            wrappingAggregateArgument.Append(".");
            wrappingAggregateArgument.Append(alias);
            aggregateArgument = wrappingAggregateArgument;

            innerQuery.Select.Append(separator);
            innerQuery.Select.AppendLine();
            innerQuery.Select.Append(translatedAggregateArgument);
            innerQuery.Select.Append(" AS ");
            innerQuery.Select.Append(alias);
          }
          else
          {
            aggregateArgument = translatedAggregateArgument;
          }

          ISqlFragment aggregateResult = VisitAggregate(aggregate, aggregateArgument);

          result.Select.Append(separator);
          result.Select.AppendLine();
          result.Select.Append(aggregateResult);
          result.Select.Append(" AS ");
          result.Select.Append(alias);

          separator = ", ";
          members.MoveNext();
        }
      }


      symbolTable.ExitScope();
      selectStatementStack.Pop();

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbUnionAllExpression)"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbIntersectExpression e)
    {
      return VisitSetOpExpression(e.Left, e.Right, "INTERSECT");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Not(IsEmpty) has to be handled specially, so we delegate to
    /// <see cref="VisitIsEmptyExpression"/>.
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/>.
    /// <code>[NOT] EXISTS( ... )</code>
    /// </returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbIsEmptyExpression e)
    {
      return VisitIsEmptyExpression(e, false);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Not(IsNull) is handled specially, so we delegate to
    /// <see cref="VisitIsNullExpression"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/>
    /// <code>IS [NOT] NULL</code>
    /// </returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbIsNullExpression e)
    {
      return VisitIsNullExpression(e, false);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="DbIsOfExpression"/> is illegal at this stage
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbIsOfExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="VisitJoinExpression"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/>.</returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbCrossJoinExpression e)
    {
      return VisitJoinExpression(e.Inputs, e.ExpressionKind, "CROSS JOIN", null);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="VisitJoinExpression"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/>.</returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbJoinExpression e)
    {
      #region Map join type to a string
      string joinString;
      switch (e.ExpressionKind)
      {
        case DbExpressionKind.FullOuterJoin:
          joinString = "FULL OUTER JOIN";
          break;

        case DbExpressionKind.InnerJoin:
          joinString = "INNER JOIN";
          break;

        case DbExpressionKind.LeftOuterJoin:
          joinString = "LEFT OUTER JOIN";
          break;

        default:
          Debug.Assert(false);
          joinString = null;
          break;
      }
      #endregion

      List<DbExpressionBinding> inputs = new List<DbExpressionBinding>(2);
      inputs.Add(e.Left);
      inputs.Add(e.Right);

      return VisitJoinExpression(inputs, e.ExpressionKind, joinString, e.JoinCondition);
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbLikeExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      result.Append(e.Argument.Accept(this));
      result.Append(" LIKE ");
      result.Append(e.Pattern.Accept(this));

      // if the ESCAPE expression is a DbNullExpression, then that's tantamount to 
      // not having an ESCAPE at all
      if (e.Escape.ExpressionKind != DbExpressionKind.Null)
      {
        result.Append(" ESCAPE ");
        result.Append(e.Escape.Accept(this));
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Translates to TOP expression.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbLimitExpression e)
    {
      Debug.Assert(e.Limit is DbConstantExpression || e.Limit is DbParameterReferenceExpression, "DbLimitExpression.Limit is of invalid expression type");

      SqlSelectStatement result = VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(e.Argument, false);
      Symbol fromSymbol;

      if (!IsCompatible(result, e.ExpressionKind))
      {
        TypeUsage inputType = MetadataHelpers.GetElementTypeUsage(e.Argument.ResultType);

        result = CreateNewSelectStatement(result, "top", inputType, out fromSymbol);
        AddFromSymbol(result, "top", fromSymbol, false);
      }

      ISqlFragment topCount = HandleCountExpression(e.Limit);

      result.Top = new TopClause(topCount, e.WithTies);
      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// DbNewInstanceExpression is allowed as a child of DbProjectExpression only.
    /// If anyone else is the parent, we throw.
    /// We also perform special casing for collections - where we could convert
    /// them into Unions
    ///
    /// <see cref="VisitNewInstanceExpression"/> for the actual implementation.
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbNewInstanceExpression e)
    {
      if (MetadataHelpers.IsCollectionType(e.ResultType))
      {
        return VisitCollectionConstructor(e);
      }
      throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The Not expression may cause the translation of its child to change.
    /// These children are
    /// <list type="bullet">
    /// <item><see cref="DbNotExpression"/>NOT(Not(x)) becomes x</item>
    /// <item><see cref="DbIsEmptyExpression"/>NOT EXISTS becomes EXISTS</item>
    /// <item><see cref="DbIsNullExpression"/>IS NULL becomes IS NOT NULL</item>
    /// <item><see cref="DbComparisonExpression"/>= becomes&lt;&gt; </item>
    /// </list>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbNotExpression e)
    {
      // Flatten Not(Not(x)) to x.
      DbNotExpression notExpression = e.Argument as DbNotExpression;
      if (notExpression != null)
      {
        return notExpression.Argument.Accept(this);
      }

      DbIsEmptyExpression isEmptyExpression = e.Argument as DbIsEmptyExpression;
      if (isEmptyExpression != null)
      {
        return VisitIsEmptyExpression(isEmptyExpression, true);
      }

      DbIsNullExpression isNullExpression = e.Argument as DbIsNullExpression;
      if (isNullExpression != null)
      {
        return VisitIsNullExpression(isNullExpression, true);
      }

      DbComparisonExpression comparisonExpression = e.Argument as DbComparisonExpression;
      if (comparisonExpression != null)
      {
        if (comparisonExpression.ExpressionKind == DbExpressionKind.Equals)
        {
          return VisitBinaryExpression(" <> ", comparisonExpression.Left, comparisonExpression.Right);
        }
      }

      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      result.Append(" NOT (");
      result.Append(e.Argument.Accept(this));
      result.Append(")");

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns><see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbNullExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      // always cast nulls - sqlserver doesn't like case expressions where the "then" clause is null
      result.Append("NULL");
      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="DbOfTypeExpression"/> is illegal at this stage
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbOfTypeExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    /// <seealso cref="Visit(DbAndExpression)"/>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbOrExpression e)
    {
      return VisitBinaryExpression(" OR ", e.Left, e.Right);
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbParameterReferenceExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      // Do not quote this name.
      // We are not checking that e.Name has no illegal characters. e.g. space
      result.Append("@" + e.ParameterName);

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbFilterExpression)"/> for the general ideas.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/></returns>
    /// <seealso cref="Visit(DbFilterExpression)"/>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbProjectExpression e)
    {
      Symbol fromSymbol;
      SqlSelectStatement result = VisitInputExpression(e.Input.Expression, e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);

      // Project is compatible with Filter
      // but not with Project, GroupBy
      if (!IsCompatible(result, e.ExpressionKind))
      {
        result = CreateNewSelectStatement(result, e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);
      }

      selectStatementStack.Push(result);
      symbolTable.EnterScope();

      AddFromSymbol(result, e.Input.VariableName, fromSymbol);

      // Project is the only node that can have DbNewInstanceExpression as a child
      // so we have to check it here.
      // We call VisitNewInstanceExpression instead of Visit(DbNewInstanceExpression), since
      // the latter throws.
      DbNewInstanceExpression newInstanceExpression = e.Projection as DbNewInstanceExpression;
      if (newInstanceExpression != null)
      {
        result.Select.Append(VisitNewInstanceExpression(newInstanceExpression));
      }
      else
      {
        result.Select.Append(e.Projection.Accept(this));
      }

      symbolTable.ExitScope();
      selectStatementStack.Pop();

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This method handles record flattening, which works as follows.
    /// consider an expression <c>Prop(y, Prop(x, Prop(d, Prop(c, Prop(b, Var(a)))))</c>
    /// where a,b,c are joins, d is an extent and x and y are fields.
    /// b has been flattened into a, and has its own SELECT statement.
    /// c has been flattened into b.
    /// d has been flattened into c.
    ///
    /// We visit the instance, so we reach Var(a) first.  This gives us a (join)symbol.
    /// Symbol(a).b gives us a join symbol, with a SELECT statement i.e. Symbol(b).
    /// From this point on , we need to remember Symbol(b) as the source alias,
    /// and then try to find the column.  So, we use a SymbolPair.
    ///
    /// We have reached the end when the symbol no longer points to a join symbol.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="JoinSymbol"/> if we have not reached the first
    /// Join node that has a SELECT statement.
    /// A <see cref="SymbolPair"/> if we have seen the JoinNode, and it has
    /// a SELECT statement.
    /// A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/> with {Input}.propertyName otherwise.
    /// </returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbPropertyExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result;

      ISqlFragment instanceSql = e.Instance.Accept(this);

      // Since the DbVariableReferenceExpression is a proper child of ours, we can reset
      // isVarSingle.
      DbVariableReferenceExpression DbVariableReferenceExpression = e.Instance as DbVariableReferenceExpression;
      if (DbVariableReferenceExpression != null)
      {
        isVarRefSingle = false;
      }

      // We need to flatten, and have not yet seen the first nested SELECT statement.
      JoinSymbol joinSymbol = instanceSql as JoinSymbol;
      if (joinSymbol != null)
      {
        Debug.Assert(joinSymbol.NameToExtent.ContainsKey(e.Property.Name));
        if (joinSymbol.IsNestedJoin)
        {
          return new SymbolPair(joinSymbol, joinSymbol.NameToExtent[e.Property.Name]);
        }
        else
        {
          return joinSymbol.NameToExtent[e.Property.Name];
        }
      }

      // ---------------------------------------
      // We have seen the first nested SELECT statement, but not the column.
      SymbolPair symbolPair = instanceSql as SymbolPair;
      if (symbolPair != null)
      {
        JoinSymbol columnJoinSymbol = symbolPair.Column as JoinSymbol;
        if (columnJoinSymbol != null)
        {
          symbolPair.Column = columnJoinSymbol.NameToExtent[e.Property.Name];
          return symbolPair;
        }
        else
        {
          // symbolPair.Column has the base extent.
          // we need the symbol for the column, since it might have been renamed
          // when handling a JOIN.
          if (symbolPair.Column.Columns.ContainsKey(e.Property.Name))
          {
            result = new SqlBuilder();
            result.Append(symbolPair.Source);
            result.Append(".");
            result.Append(symbolPair.Column.Columns[e.Property.Name]);
            return result;
          }
        }
      }
      // ---------------------------------------

      result = new SqlBuilder();
      result.Append(instanceSql);
      result.Append(".");

      // At this point the column name cannot be renamed, so we do
      // not use a symbol.
      result.Append(QuoteIdentifier(e.Property.Name));

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Any(input, x) => Exists(Filter(input,x))
    /// All(input, x) => Not Exists(Filter(input, not(x))
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbQuantifierExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();

      bool negatePredicate = (e.ExpressionKind == DbExpressionKind.All);
      if (e.ExpressionKind == DbExpressionKind.Any)
      {
        result.Append("EXISTS (");
      }
      else
      {
        Debug.Assert(e.ExpressionKind == DbExpressionKind.All);
        result.Append("NOT EXISTS (");
      }

      SqlSelectStatement filter = VisitFilterExpression(e.Input, e.Predicate, negatePredicate);
      if (filter.Select.IsEmpty)
      {
        AddDefaultColumns(filter);
      }

      result.Append(filter);
      result.Append(")");

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="DbRefExpression"/> is illegal at this stage
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbRefExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="DbRelationshipNavigationExpression"/> is illegal at this stage
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbRelationshipNavigationExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// For Sql9 it translates to:
    /// SELECT Y.x1, Y.x2, ..., Y.xn
    /// FROM (
    ///     SELECT X.x1, X.x2, ..., X.xn, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY sk1, sk2, ...) AS [row_number] 
    ///     FROM input as X 
    ///     ) as Y
    /// WHERE Y.[row_number] > count 
    /// ORDER BY sk1, sk2, ...
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbSkipExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException();
      //Debug.Assert(e.Count is DbConstantExpression || e.Count is DbParameterReferenceExpression, "DbSkipExpression.Count is of invalid expression type");

      ////Visit the input
      //Symbol fromSymbol;
      //SqlSelectStatement input = VisitInputExpression(e.Input.Expression, e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);

      //// Skip is not compatible with anything that OrderBy is not compatible with, as well as with distinct
      //if (!IsCompatible(input, e.ExpressionKind))
      //{
      //  input = CreateNewSelectStatement(input, e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);
      //}

      //selectStatementStack.Push(input);
      //symbolTable.EnterScope();

      //AddFromSymbol(input, e.Input.VariableName, fromSymbol);

      ////Add the default columns
      //Debug.Assert(input.Select.IsEmpty);
      //List<Symbol> inputColumns = AddDefaultColumns(input);

      //input.Select.Append(", row_number() OVER (ORDER BY ");
      //AddSortKeys(input.Select, e.SortOrder);
      //input.Select.Append(") AS ");

      //Symbol row_numberSymbol = new Symbol("row_number", null);

      //input.Select.Append(row_numberSymbol);

      ////The inner statement is complete, its scopes need not be valid any longer
      //symbolTable.ExitScope();
      //selectStatementStack.Pop();

      ////Create the resulting statement 
      ////See CreateNewSelectStatement, it is very similar

      //SqlSelectStatement result = new SqlSelectStatement();
      //result.From.Append("( ");
      //result.From.Append(input);
      //result.From.AppendLine();
      //result.From.Append(") ");

      ////Create a symbol for the input
      //Symbol resultFromSymbol = null;

      //if (input.FromExtents.Count == 1)
      //{
      //  JoinSymbol oldJoinSymbol = input.FromExtents[0] as JoinSymbol;
      //  if (oldJoinSymbol != null)
      //  {
      //    // Note: input.FromExtents will not do, since it might
      //    // just be an alias of joinSymbol, and we want an actual JoinSymbol.
      //    JoinSymbol newJoinSymbol = new JoinSymbol(e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, oldJoinSymbol.ExtentList);
      //    // This indicates that the oldStatement is a blocking scope
      //    // i.e. it hides/renames extent columns
      //    newJoinSymbol.IsNestedJoin = true;
      //    newJoinSymbol.ColumnList = inputColumns;
      //    newJoinSymbol.FlattenedExtentList = oldJoinSymbol.FlattenedExtentList;

      //    resultFromSymbol = newJoinSymbol;
      //  }
      //}

      //if (resultFromSymbol == null)
      //{
      //  // This is just a simple extent/SqlSelectStatement,
      //  // and we can get the column list from the type.
      //  resultFromSymbol = new Symbol(e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType);
      //}
      ////Add the ORDER BY part
      //selectStatementStack.Push(result);
      //symbolTable.EnterScope();

      //AddFromSymbol(result, e.Input.VariableName, resultFromSymbol);

      ////Add the predicate 
      //result.Where.Append(resultFromSymbol);
      //result.Where.Append(".");
      //result.Where.Append(row_numberSymbol);
      //result.Where.Append(" > ");
      //result.Where.Append(HandaleCountExpression(e.Count));

      //AddSortKeys(result.OrderBy, e.SortOrder);

      //symbolTable.ExitScope();
      //selectStatementStack.Pop();

      //return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbFilterExpression)"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/></returns>
    /// <seealso cref="Visit(DbFilterExpression)"/>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbSortExpression e)
    {
      Symbol fromSymbol;
      SqlSelectStatement result = VisitInputExpression(e.Input.Expression, e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);

      // OrderBy is compatible with Filter
      // and nothing else
      if (!IsCompatible(result, e.ExpressionKind))
      {
        result = CreateNewSelectStatement(result, e.Input.VariableName, e.Input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);
      }

      selectStatementStack.Push(result);
      symbolTable.EnterScope();

      AddFromSymbol(result, e.Input.VariableName, fromSymbol);

      AddSortKeys(result.OrderBy, e.SortOrder);

      symbolTable.ExitScope();
      selectStatementStack.Pop();

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="DbTreatExpression"/> is illegal at this stage
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbTreatExpression e)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This code is shared by <see cref="Visit(DbExceptExpression)"/>
    /// and <see cref="Visit(DbIntersectExpression)"/>
    ///
    /// <see cref="VisitSetOpExpression"/>
    /// Since the left and right expression may not be Sql select statements,
    /// we must wrap them up to look like SQL select statements.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbUnionAllExpression e)
    {
      return VisitSetOpExpression(e.Left, e.Right, "UNION ALL");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This method determines whether an extent from an outer scope(free variable)
    /// is used in the CurrentSelectStatement.
    ///
    /// An extent in an outer scope, if its symbol is not in the FromExtents
    /// of the CurrentSelectStatement.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="Symbol"/>.</returns>
    public override ISqlFragment Visit(DbVariableReferenceExpression e)
    {
      if (isVarRefSingle)
      {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
        // A DbVariableReferenceExpression has to be a child of DbPropertyExpression or MethodExpression
        // This is also checked in GenerateSql(...) at the end of the visiting.
      }
      isVarRefSingle = true; // This will be reset by DbPropertyExpression or MethodExpression

      Symbol result = symbolTable.Lookup(e.VariableName);
      if (!CurrentSelectStatement.FromExtents.Contains(result))
      {
        CurrentSelectStatement.OuterExtents[result] = true;
      }

      return result;
    }

    #region Visits shared by multiple nodes
    /// <summary>
    /// Aggregates are not visited by the normal visitor walk.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="aggregate">The aggreate go be translated</param>
    /// <param name="aggregateArgument">The translated aggregate argument</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    SqlBuilder VisitAggregate(DbAggregate aggregate, object aggregateArgument)
    {
      SqlBuilder aggregateResult = new SqlBuilder();
      DbFunctionAggregate functionAggregate = aggregate as DbFunctionAggregate;

      if (functionAggregate == null)
      {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
      }

      //The only aggregate function with different name is Big_Count
      //Note: If another such function is to be added, a dictionary should be created
      //if (MetadataHelpers.IsCanonicalFunction(functionAggregate.Function)
      //    && String.Equals(functionAggregate.Function.Name, "BigCount", StringComparison.Ordinal))
      //{
      //  aggregateResult.Append("COUNT_BIG");
      //}
      //else
      {
        WriteFunctionName(aggregateResult, functionAggregate.Function);
      }

      aggregateResult.Append("(");

      DbFunctionAggregate fnAggr = functionAggregate;
      if ((null != fnAggr) && (fnAggr.Distinct))
      {
        aggregateResult.Append("DISTINCT ");
      }

      aggregateResult.Append(aggregateArgument);

      aggregateResult.Append(")");
      return aggregateResult;
    }


    SqlBuilder VisitBinaryExpression(string op, DbExpression left, DbExpression right)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      if (IsComplexExpression(left))
      {
        result.Append("(");
      }

      result.Append(left.Accept(this));

      if (IsComplexExpression(left))
      {
        result.Append(")");
      }

      result.Append(op);

      if (IsComplexExpression(right))
      {
        result.Append("(");
      }

      result.Append(right.Accept(this));

      if (IsComplexExpression(right))
      {
        result.Append(")");
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This is called by the relational nodes.  It does the following
    /// <list>
    /// <item>If the input is not a SqlSelectStatement, it assumes that the input
    /// is a collection expression, and creates a new SqlSelectStatement </item>
    /// </list>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="inputExpression"></param>
    /// <param name="inputVarName"></param>
    /// <param name="inputVarType"></param>
    /// <param name="fromSymbol"></param>
    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/> and the main fromSymbol
    /// for this select statement.</returns>
    SqlSelectStatement VisitInputExpression(DbExpression inputExpression,
        string inputVarName, TypeUsage inputVarType, out Symbol fromSymbol)
    {
      SqlSelectStatement result;
      ISqlFragment sqlFragment = inputExpression.Accept(this);
      result = sqlFragment as SqlSelectStatement;

      if (result == null)
      {
        result = new SqlSelectStatement();
        WrapNonQueryExtent(result, sqlFragment, inputExpression.ExpressionKind);
      }

      if (result.FromExtents.Count == 0)
      {
        // input was an extent
        fromSymbol = new Symbol(inputVarName, inputVarType);
      }
      else if (result.FromExtents.Count == 1)
      {
        // input was Filter/GroupBy/Project/OrderBy
        // we are likely to reuse this statement.
        fromSymbol = result.FromExtents[0];
      }
      else
      {
        // input was a join.
        // we are reusing the select statement produced by a Join node
        // we need to remove the original extents, and replace them with a
        // new extent with just the Join symbol.
        JoinSymbol joinSymbol = new JoinSymbol(inputVarName, inputVarType, result.FromExtents);
        joinSymbol.FlattenedExtentList = result.AllJoinExtents;

        fromSymbol = joinSymbol;
        result.FromExtents.Clear();
        result.FromExtents.Add(fromSymbol);
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbIsEmptyExpression)"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <param name="negate">Was the parent a DbNotExpression?</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    SqlBuilder VisitIsEmptyExpression(DbIsEmptyExpression e, bool negate)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      if (!negate)
      {
        result.Append(" NOT");
      }
      result.Append(" EXISTS (");
      result.Append(VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(e.Argument));
      result.AppendLine();
      result.Append(")");

      return result;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Translate a NewInstance(Element(X)) expression into
    ///   "select top(1) * from X"
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private ISqlFragment VisitCollectionConstructor(DbNewInstanceExpression e)
    {
      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count <= 1);

      if (e.Arguments.Count == 1 && e.Arguments[0].ExpressionKind == DbExpressionKind.Element)
      {
        DbElementExpression elementExpr = e.Arguments[0] as DbElementExpression;
        SqlSelectStatement result = VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(elementExpr.Argument);

        if (!IsCompatible(result, DbExpressionKind.Element))
        {
          Symbol fromSymbol;
          TypeUsage inputType = MetadataHelpers.GetElementTypeUsage(elementExpr.Argument.ResultType);

          result = CreateNewSelectStatement(result, "element", inputType, out fromSymbol);
          AddFromSymbol(result, "element", fromSymbol, false);
        }
        result.Top = new TopClause(1, false);
        return result;
      }


      // Otherwise simply build this out as a union-all ladder
      CollectionType collectionType = MetadataHelpers.GetEdmType<CollectionType>(e.ResultType);
      Debug.Assert(collectionType != null);
      bool isScalarElement = MetadataHelpers.IsPrimitiveType(collectionType.TypeUsage);

      SqlBuilder resultSql = new SqlBuilder();
      string separator = "";

      // handle empty table
      if (e.Arguments.Count == 0)
      {
        Debug.Assert(isScalarElement);
        resultSql.Append(" SELECT NULL");
        resultSql.Append(" AS X FROM (SELECT 1) AS Y WHERE 1=0");
      }

      foreach (DbExpression arg in e.Arguments)
      {
        resultSql.Append(separator);
        resultSql.Append(" SELECT ");
        resultSql.Append(arg.Accept(this));
        // For scalar elements, no alias is appended yet. Add this.
        if (isScalarElement)
        {
          resultSql.Append(" AS X ");
        }
        separator = " UNION ALL ";
      }

      return resultSql;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbIsNullExpression)"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <param name="negate">Was the parent a DbNotExpression?</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    SqlBuilder VisitIsNullExpression(DbIsNullExpression e, bool negate)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      result.Append(e.Argument.Accept(this));
      if (!negate)
      {
        result.Append(" IS NULL");
      }
      else
      {
        result.Append(" IS NOT NULL");
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This handles the processing of join expressions.
    /// The extents on a left spine are flattened, while joins
    /// not on the left spine give rise to new nested sub queries.
    ///
    /// Joins work differently from the rest of the visiting, in that
    /// the parent (i.e. the join node) creates the SqlSelectStatement
    /// for the children to use.
    ///
    /// The "parameter" IsInJoinContext indicates whether a child extent should
    /// add its stuff to the existing SqlSelectStatement, or create a new SqlSelectStatement
    /// By passing true, we ask the children to add themselves to the parent join,
    /// by passing false, we ask the children to create new Select statements for
    /// themselves.
    ///
    /// This method is called from <see cref="Visit(DbApplyExpression)"/> and
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbJoinExpression)"/>.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="inputs"></param>
    /// <param name="joinKind"></param>
    /// <param name="joinString"></param>
    /// <param name="joinCondition"></param>
    /// <returns> A <see cref="SqlSelectStatement"/></returns>
    ISqlFragment VisitJoinExpression(IList<DbExpressionBinding> inputs, DbExpressionKind joinKind,
        string joinString, DbExpression joinCondition)
    {
      SqlSelectStatement result;
      // If the parent is not a join( or says that it is not),
      // we should create a new SqlSelectStatement.
      // otherwise, we add our child extents to the parent's FROM clause.
      if (!IsParentAJoin)
      {
        result = new SqlSelectStatement();
        result.AllJoinExtents = new List<Symbol>();
        selectStatementStack.Push(result);
      }
      else
      {
        result = CurrentSelectStatement;
      }

      // Process each of the inputs, and then the joinCondition if it exists.
      // It would be nice if we could call VisitInputExpression - that would
      // avoid some code duplication
      // but the Join postprocessing is messy and prevents this reuse.
      symbolTable.EnterScope();

      string separator = "";
      bool isLeftMostInput = true;
      int inputCount = inputs.Count;
      for (int idx = 0; idx < inputCount; idx++)
      {
        DbExpressionBinding input = inputs[idx];

        if (separator != "")
        {
          result.From.AppendLine();
        }
        result.From.Append(separator + " ");
        // Change this if other conditions are required
        // to force the child to produce a nested SqlStatement.
        bool needsJoinContext = (input.Expression.ExpressionKind == DbExpressionKind.Scan)
                                || (isLeftMostInput &&
                                    (IsJoinExpression(input.Expression)
                                     || IsApplyExpression(input.Expression)))
                                ;

        isParentAJoinStack.Push(needsJoinContext ? true : false);
        // if the child reuses our select statement, it will append the from
        // symbols to our FromExtents list.  So, we need to remember the
        // start of the child's entries.
        int fromSymbolStart = result.FromExtents.Count;

        ISqlFragment fromExtentFragment = input.Expression.Accept(this);

        isParentAJoinStack.Pop();

        ProcessJoinInputResult(fromExtentFragment, result, input, fromSymbolStart);
        separator = joinString;

        isLeftMostInput = false;
      }

      // Visit the on clause/join condition.
      switch (joinKind)
      {
        case DbExpressionKind.FullOuterJoin:
        case DbExpressionKind.InnerJoin:
        case DbExpressionKind.LeftOuterJoin:
          result.From.Append(" ON ");
          isParentAJoinStack.Push(false);
          result.From.Append(joinCondition.Accept(this));
          isParentAJoinStack.Pop();
          break;
      }

      symbolTable.ExitScope();

      if (!IsParentAJoin)
      {
        selectStatementStack.Pop();
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This is called from <see cref="VisitJoinExpression"/>.
    ///
    /// This is responsible for maintaining the symbol table after visiting
    /// a child of a join expression.
    ///
    /// The child's sql statement may need to be completed.
    ///
    /// The child's result could be one of
    /// <list type="number">
    /// <item>The same as the parent's - this is treated specially.</item>
    /// <item>A sql select statement, which may need to be completed</item>
    /// <item>An extent - just copy it to the from clause</item>
    /// <item>Anything else (from a collection-valued expression) -
    /// unnest and copy it.</item>
    /// </list>
    ///
    /// If the input was a Join, we need to create a new join symbol,
    /// otherwise, we create a normal symbol.
    ///
    /// We then call AddFromSymbol to add the AS clause, and update the symbol table.
    ///
    ///
    ///
    /// If the child's result was the same as the parent's, we have to clean up
    /// the list of symbols in the FromExtents list, since this contains symbols from
    /// the children of both the parent and the child.
    /// The happens when the child visited is a Join, and is the leftmost child of
    /// the parent.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="fromExtentFragment"></param>
    /// <param name="result"></param>
    /// <param name="input"></param>
    /// <param name="fromSymbolStart"></param>
    void ProcessJoinInputResult(ISqlFragment fromExtentFragment, SqlSelectStatement result,
        DbExpressionBinding input, int fromSymbolStart)
    {
      Symbol fromSymbol = null;

      if (result != fromExtentFragment)
      {
        // The child has its own select statement, and is not reusing
        // our select statement.
        // This should look a lot like VisitInputExpression().
        SqlSelectStatement sqlSelectStatement = fromExtentFragment as SqlSelectStatement;
        if (sqlSelectStatement != null)
        {
          if (sqlSelectStatement.Select.IsEmpty)
          {
            List<Symbol> columns = AddDefaultColumns(sqlSelectStatement);

            if (IsJoinExpression(input.Expression)
                || IsApplyExpression(input.Expression))
            {
              List<Symbol> extents = sqlSelectStatement.FromExtents;
              JoinSymbol newJoinSymbol = new JoinSymbol(input.VariableName, input.VariableType, extents);
              newJoinSymbol.IsNestedJoin = true;
              newJoinSymbol.ColumnList = columns;

              fromSymbol = newJoinSymbol;
            }
            else
            {
              // this is a copy of the code in CreateNewSelectStatement.

              // if the oldStatement has a join as its input, ...
              // clone the join symbol, so that we "reuse" the
              // join symbol.  Normally, we create a new symbol - see the next block
              // of code.
              JoinSymbol oldJoinSymbol = sqlSelectStatement.FromExtents[0] as JoinSymbol;
              if (oldJoinSymbol != null)
              {
                // Note: sqlSelectStatement.FromExtents will not do, since it might
                // just be an alias of joinSymbol, and we want an actual JoinSymbol.
                JoinSymbol newJoinSymbol = new JoinSymbol(input.VariableName, input.VariableType, oldJoinSymbol.ExtentList);
                // This indicates that the sqlSelectStatement is a blocking scope
                // i.e. it hides/renames extent columns
                newJoinSymbol.IsNestedJoin = true;
                newJoinSymbol.ColumnList = columns;
                newJoinSymbol.FlattenedExtentList = oldJoinSymbol.FlattenedExtentList;

                fromSymbol = newJoinSymbol;
              }
            }

          }
          result.From.Append(" (");
          result.From.Append(sqlSelectStatement);
          result.From.Append(" )");
        }
        else if (input.Expression is DbScanExpression)
        {
          result.From.Append(fromExtentFragment);
        }
        else // bracket it
        {
          WrapNonQueryExtent(result, fromExtentFragment, input.Expression.ExpressionKind);
        }

        if (fromSymbol == null) // i.e. not a join symbol
        {
          fromSymbol = new Symbol(input.VariableName, input.VariableType);
        }


        AddFromSymbol(result, input.VariableName, fromSymbol);
        result.AllJoinExtents.Add(fromSymbol);
      }
      else // result == fromExtentFragment.  The child extents have been merged into the parent's.
      {
        // we are adding extents to the current sql statement via flattening.
        // We are replacing the child's extents with a single Join symbol.
        // The child's extents are all those following the index fromSymbolStart.
        //
        List<Symbol> extents = new List<Symbol>();

        // We cannot call extents.AddRange, since the is no simple way to
        // get the range of symbols fromSymbolStart..result.FromExtents.Count
        // from result.FromExtents.
        // We copy these symbols to create the JoinSymbol later.
        for (int i = fromSymbolStart; i < result.FromExtents.Count; ++i)
        {
          extents.Add(result.FromExtents[i]);
        }
        result.FromExtents.RemoveRange(fromSymbolStart, result.FromExtents.Count - fromSymbolStart);
        fromSymbol = new JoinSymbol(input.VariableName, input.VariableType, extents);
        result.FromExtents.Add(fromSymbol);
        // this Join Symbol does not have its own select statement, so we
        // do not set IsNestedJoin


        // We do not call AddFromSymbol(), since we do not want to add
        // "AS alias" to the FROM clause- it has been done when the extent was added earlier.
        symbolTable.Add(input.VariableName, fromSymbol);
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// We assume that this is only called as a child of a Project.
    ///
    /// This replaces <see cref="Visit(DbNewInstanceExpression)"/>, since
    /// we do not allow DbNewInstanceExpression as a child of any node other than
    /// DbProjectExpression.
    ///
    /// We write out the translation of each of the columns in the record.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>

    /// <returns>A <see cref="SqlBuilder"/></returns>
    ISqlFragment VisitNewInstanceExpression(DbNewInstanceExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      RowType rowType = e.ResultType.EdmType as RowType;

      if (null != rowType)
      {
        _typeDefs.Length = 0;
        ReadOnlyMetadataCollection<EdmProperty> members = rowType.Properties;
        string separator = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < e.Arguments.Count; ++i)
        {
          DbExpression argument = e.Arguments[i];
          if (MetadataHelpers.IsRowType(argument.ResultType))
          {
            // We do not support nested records or other complex objects.
            throw new NotSupportedException();
          }

          EdmProperty member = members[i];
          _typeDefs.Append(separator);
          _typeDefs.Append(GetSqlPrimitiveType(member.TypeUsage));
          result.Append(separator);
          result.AppendLine();
          result.Append(argument.Accept(this));
          result.Append(" AS ");
          result.Append(QuoteIdentifier(member.Name));
          separator = ", ";
        }
      }
      else
      {
        //
        // Types other then RowType (such as UDTs for instance) are not supported.
        //
        throw new NotSupportedException();
      }

      return result;
    }

    ISqlFragment VisitSetOpExpression(DbExpression left, DbExpression right, string separator)
    {

      SqlSelectStatement leftSelectStatement = VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(left);
      SqlSelectStatement rightSelectStatement = VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(right);

      SqlBuilder setStatement = new SqlBuilder();
      setStatement.Append(leftSelectStatement);
      setStatement.AppendLine();
      setStatement.Append(separator); // e.g. UNION ALL
      setStatement.AppendLine();
      setStatement.Append(rightSelectStatement);

      return setStatement;
    }


    #endregion


    #region Function Handling Helpers
    /// <summary>
    /// Determines whether the given function is a built-in function that requires special handling
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private bool IsSpecialBuiltInFunction(DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      return IsBuiltinFunction(e.Function) && _builtInFunctionHandlers.ContainsKey(e.Function.Name);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Determines whether the given function is a canonical function that requires special handling
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private bool IsSpecialCanonicalFunction(DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      return MetadataHelpers.IsCanonicalFunction(e.Function) && _canonicalFunctionHandlers.ContainsKey(e.Function.Name);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Default handling for functions
    /// Translates them to FunctionName(arg1, arg2, ..., argn)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private ISqlFragment HandleFunctionDefault(DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      WriteFunctionName(result, e.Function);
      HandleFunctionArgumentsDefault(e, result);
      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Default handling for functions with a given name.
    /// Translates them to functionName(arg1, arg2, ..., argn)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <param name="functionName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private ISqlFragment HandleFunctionDefaultGivenName(DbFunctionExpression e, string functionName)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      result.Append(functionName);
      HandleFunctionArgumentsDefault(e, result);
      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Default handling on function arguments
    /// Appends the list of arguments to the given result
    /// If the function is niladic it does not append anything,
    /// otherwise it appends (arg1, arg2, ..., argn)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <param name="result"></param>
    private void HandleFunctionArgumentsDefault(DbFunctionExpression e, SqlBuilder result)
    {
      bool isNiladicFunction = MetadataHelpers.TryGetValueForMetadataProperty<bool>(e.Function, "NiladicFunctionAttribute");
      if (isNiladicFunction && e.Arguments.Count > 0)
      {
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Niladic functions cannot have parameters");
      }

      if (!isNiladicFunction)
      {
        result.Append("(");
        string separator = "";
        foreach (DbExpression arg in e.Arguments)
        {
          result.Append(separator);
          result.Append(arg.Accept(this));
          separator = ", ";
        }
        result.Append(")");
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Handler for special built in functions
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private ISqlFragment HandleSpecialBuiltInFunction(DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      return HandleSpecialFunction(_builtInFunctionHandlers, e);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Handler for special canonical functions
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private ISqlFragment HandleSpecialCanonicalFunction(DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      return HandleSpecialFunction(_canonicalFunctionHandlers, e);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Dispatches the special function processing to the appropriate handler
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="handlers"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private ISqlFragment HandleSpecialFunction(Dictionary<string, FunctionHandler> handlers, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      if (!handlers.ContainsKey(e.Function.Name))
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Special handling should be called only for functions in the list of special functions");

      return handlers[e.Function.Name](this, e);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Handles functions that are translated into TSQL operators.
    /// The given function should have one or two arguments. 
    /// Functions with one arguemnt are translated into 
    ///     op arg
    /// Functions with two arguments are translated into
    ///     arg0 op arg1
    /// Also, the arguments can be optionaly enclosed in parethesis
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <param name="parenthesiseArguments">Whether the arguments should be enclosed in parethesis</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private ISqlFragment HandleSpecialFunctionToOperator(DbFunctionExpression e, bool parenthesiseArguments)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count > 0 && e.Arguments.Count <= 2, "There should be 1 or 2 arguments for operator");

      if (e.Arguments.Count > 1)
      {
        if (parenthesiseArguments)
        {
          result.Append("(");
        }
        result.Append(e.Arguments[0].Accept(this));
        if (parenthesiseArguments)
        {
          result.Append(")");
        }
      }
      result.Append(" ");
      Debug.Assert(_functionNameToOperatorDictionary.ContainsKey(e.Function.Name), "The function can not be mapped to an operator");
      result.Append(_functionNameToOperatorDictionary[e.Function.Name]);
      result.Append(" ");

      if (parenthesiseArguments)
      {
        result.Append("(");
      }
      result.Append(e.Arguments[e.Arguments.Count - 1].Accept(this));
      if (parenthesiseArguments)
      {
        result.Append(")");
      }
      return result;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="HandleSpecialFunctionToOperator"></see>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleConcatFunction(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      return sqlgen.HandleSpecialFunctionToOperator(e, false);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="HandleSpecialFunctionToOperator"></see>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionBitwise(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      return sqlgen.HandleSpecialFunctionToOperator(e, true);
    }

    private static ISqlFragment HandleGetDateFunction(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count == 0, "Canonical getdate function should have no arguments");

      switch (sqlgen._manifest._dateFormat)
      {
        case SQLiteDateFormats.Ticks:
          result.Append("(STRFTIME('%s', 'now') * 10000000 + 621355968000000000)");
          break;
        case SQLiteDateFormats.JulianDay:
          result.Append("CAST(STRFTIME('%J', 'now') AS double)");
          break;
        default:
          result.Append("STRFTIME('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 'now')");
          break;
      }

      return result;
    }

    private static ISqlFragment HandleGetUtcDateFunction(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count == 0, "Canonical getutcdate function should have no arguments");

      switch (sqlgen._manifest._dateFormat)
      {
        case SQLiteDateFormats.Ticks:
          result.Append("(STRFTIME('%s', 'now', 'utc') * 10000000 + 621355968000000000)");
          break;
        case SQLiteDateFormats.JulianDay:
          result.Append("CAST(STRFTIME('%J', 'now', 'utc') AS double)");
          break;
        default:
          result.Append("STRFTIME('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 'now', 'utc')");
          break;
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Handles special case in which datepart 'type' parameter is present. all the functions
    /// handles here have *only* the 1st parameter as datepart. datepart value is passed along
    /// the QP as string and has to be expanded as TSQL keyword.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleDatepartDateFunction(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count == 2, "datepart function must have 2 arguments");

      DbConstantExpression constExpr = e.Arguments[0] as DbConstantExpression;
      if (null == constExpr)
      {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Format("DATEPART argument to function '{0}.{1}' must be a literal string", e.Function.NamespaceName, e.Function.Name));
      }

      string datepart = constExpr.Value as string;
      if (null == datepart)
      {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Format("DATEPART argument to function '{0}.{1}' must be a literal string", e.Function.NamespaceName, e.Function.Name));
      }

      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();

      //
      // check if datepart value is valid
      //
      string trans;
      if (!_datepartKeywords.TryGetValue(datepart, out trans))
      {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Format("{0}' is not a valid value for DATEPART argument in '{1}.{2}' function", datepart, e.Function.NamespaceName, e.Function.Name));
      }

      if (trans != "%f")
      {
        result.Append("CAST(STRFTIME('");

        // expand the datepart literal as tsql kword
        result.Append(trans);
        result.Append("', ");

        switch (sqlgen._manifest._dateFormat)
        {
          case SQLiteDateFormats.Ticks:
            result.Append(String.Format("(({0} - 621355968000000000) / 10000000.0)", e.Arguments[1].Accept(sqlgen)));
            break;
          default:
            result.Append(e.Arguments[1].Accept(sqlgen));
            break;
        }

        result.Append(") AS integer)");
      }
      else
      {
        result.Append("CAST(SUBSTR(STRFTIME('%f', ");

        switch (sqlgen._manifest._dateFormat)
        {
          case SQLiteDateFormats.Ticks:
            result.Append(String.Format("(({0} - 621355968000000000) / 10000000.0)", e.Arguments[1].Accept(sqlgen)));
            break;
          default:
            result.Append(e.Arguments[1].Accept(sqlgen));
            break;
        }

        result.Append("), 4) AS integer)");
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// DateAdd(datetime, secondsToAdd) -> DATEADD ( seconds , number,  date)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionDateAdd(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count == 2, "Canonical datepart functions should have exactly two arguments");

      switch (sqlgen._manifest._dateFormat)
      {
        case SQLiteDateFormats.Ticks:
          result.Append(String.Format("(STRFTIME('%s', JULIANDAY({1}) + ({0} / 86400.0)) * 10000000 + 621355968000000000)", e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen), e.Arguments[1].Accept(sqlgen)));
          break;
        case SQLiteDateFormats.JulianDay:
          result.Append(String.Format("CAST(STRFTIME('%J', JULIANDAY({1}) + ({0} / 86400.0)) AS double)", e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen), e.Arguments[1].Accept(sqlgen)));
          break;
        default:
          result.Append(String.Format("STRFTIME('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', JULIANDAY({1}) + ({0} / 86400.0))", e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen), e.Arguments[1].Accept(sqlgen)));
          break;
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// DateSubtract(datetime1, datetime2) -> DATEDIFF ( seconds , startdate , enddate ) 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionDateSubtract(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count == 2, "Canonical datepart functions should have exactly two arguments");

      switch (sqlgen._manifest._dateFormat)
      {
        case SQLiteDateFormats.Ticks:
          result.Append(String.Format("CAST((({0} - 621355968000000000) / 10000000.0)  - (({1} - 621355968000000000) / 10000000.0) * 86400.0 AS integer)", e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen), e.Arguments[1].Accept(sqlgen)));
          break;
        default:
          result.Append(String.Format("CAST((JULIANDAY({1}) - JULIANDAY({0})) * 86400.0 AS integer)", e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen), e.Arguments[1].Accept(sqlgen)));
          break;
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Handler for canonical functions for extracting date parts. 
    /// For example:
    ///     Year(date) -> DATEPART( year, date)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionDatepart(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      string trans;
      if (!_datepartKeywords.TryGetValue(e.Function.Name, out trans))
      {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Format("{0}' is not a valid value for STRFTIME argument", e.Function.Name));
      }

      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      result.Append("CAST(STRFTIME('");
      result.Append(trans);
      result.Append("', ");

      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count == 1, "Canonical datepart functions should have exactly one argument");

      switch (sqlgen._manifest._dateFormat)
      {
        case SQLiteDateFormats.Ticks:
          result.Append(String.Format("(({0} - 621355968000000000) / 10000000.0)", e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen)));
          break;
        default:
          result.Append(e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen));
          break;
      }

      result.Append(") AS integer)");

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Function rename IndexOf -> CHARINDEX
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionIndexOf(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      return sqlgen.HandleFunctionDefaultGivenName(e, "CHARINDEX");
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Function rename NewGuid -> NEWID
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionNewGuid(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();
      result.Append("RANDOMBLOB(16)");
      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Length(arg) -> LEN(arg + '.') - LEN('.')
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionLength(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();

      result.Append("LENGTH(");

      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count == 1, "Len should have one argument");
      result.Append(e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen));

      result.Append(")");
      //result.Append(" + '.') - LEN('.')");

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Round(numericExpression) -> Round(numericExpression, 0);
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionRound(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();

      result.Append("ROUND(");

      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count == 1, "Round should have one argument");
      result.Append(e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen));

      result.Append(", 0)");

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// TRIM(string) -> LTRIM(RTRIM(string))
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionTrim(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      SqlBuilder result = new SqlBuilder();

      result.Append("TRIM(");

      Debug.Assert(e.Arguments.Count == 1, "Trim should have one argument");
      result.Append(e.Arguments[0].Accept(sqlgen));

      result.Append(")");

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Function rename ToLower -> LOWER
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionToLower(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      return sqlgen.HandleFunctionDefaultGivenName(e, "LOWER");
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Function rename ToUpper -> UPPER
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlgen"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static ISqlFragment HandleCanonicalFunctionToUpper(SqlGenerator sqlgen, DbFunctionExpression e)
    {
      return sqlgen.HandleFunctionDefaultGivenName(e, "UPPER");
    }

    #endregion


    #endregion

    #region Helper methods for the DbExpressionVisitor
    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="AddDefaultColumns"/>
    /// Add the column names from the referenced extent/join to the
    /// select statement.
    ///
    /// If the symbol is a JoinSymbol, we recursively visit all the extents,
    /// halting at real extents and JoinSymbols that have an associated SqlSelectStatement.
    ///
    /// The column names for a real extent can be derived from its type.
    /// The column names for a Join Select statement can be got from the
    /// list of columns that was created when the Join's select statement
    /// was created.
    ///
    /// We do the following for each column.
    /// <list type="number">
    /// <item>Add the SQL string for each column to the SELECT clause</item>
    /// <item>Add the column to the list of columns - so that it can
    /// become part of the "type" of a JoinSymbol</item>
    /// <item>Check if the column name collides with a previous column added
    /// to the same select statement.  Flag both the columns for renaming if true.</item>
    /// <item>Add the column to a name lookup dictionary for collision detection.</item>
    /// </list>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="selectStatement">The select statement that started off as SELECT *</param>
    /// <param name="symbol">The symbol containing the type information for
    /// the columns to be added.</param>
    /// <param name="columnList">Columns that have been added to the Select statement.
    /// This is created in <see cref="AddDefaultColumns"/>.</param>
    /// <param name="columnDictionary">A dictionary of the columns above.</param>
    /// <param name="separator">Comma or nothing, depending on whether the SELECT
    /// clause is empty.</param>
    void AddColumns(SqlSelectStatement selectStatement, Symbol symbol,
        List<Symbol> columnList, Dictionary<string, Symbol> columnDictionary, ref string separator)
    {

      JoinSymbol joinSymbol = symbol as JoinSymbol;
      if (joinSymbol != null)
      {
        if (!joinSymbol.IsNestedJoin)
        {
          // Recurse if the join symbol is a collection of flattened extents
          foreach (Symbol sym in joinSymbol.ExtentList)
          {
            // if sym is ScalarType means we are at base case in the
            // recursion and there are not columns to add, just skip
            if (MetadataHelpers.IsPrimitiveType(sym.Type))
            {
              continue;
            }

            AddColumns(selectStatement, sym, columnList, columnDictionary, ref separator);
          }
        }
        else
        {
          foreach (Symbol joinColumn in joinSymbol.ColumnList)
          {
            // we write tableName.columnName
            // rather than tableName.columnName as alias
            // since the column name is unique (by the way we generate new column names)
            //
            // We use the symbols for both the table and the column,
            // since they are subject to renaming.
            selectStatement.Select.Append(separator);
            selectStatement.Select.Append(symbol);
            selectStatement.Select.Append(".");
            selectStatement.Select.Append(joinColumn);

            // check for name collisions.  If there is,
            // flag both the colliding symbols.
            if (columnDictionary.ContainsKey(joinColumn.Name))
            {
              columnDictionary[joinColumn.Name].NeedsRenaming = true; // the original symbol
              joinColumn.NeedsRenaming = true; // the current symbol.
            }
            else
            {
              columnDictionary[joinColumn.Name] = joinColumn;
            }

            columnList.Add(joinColumn);

            separator = ", ";
          }
        }
      }
      else
      {
        // This is a non-join extent/select statement, and the CQT type has
        // the relevant column information.

        // The type could be a record type(e.g. Project(...),
        // or an entity type ( e.g. EntityExpression(...)
        // so, we check whether it is a structuralType.

        // Consider an expression of the form J(a, b=P(E))
        // The inner P(E) would have been translated to a SQL statement
        // We should not use the raw names from the type, but the equivalent
        // symbols (they are present in symbol.Columns) if they exist.
        //
        // We add the new columns to the symbol's columns if they do
        // not already exist.
        //

        foreach (EdmProperty property in MetadataHelpers.GetProperties(symbol.Type))
        {
          string recordMemberName = property.Name;
          // Since all renaming happens in the second phase
          // we lose nothing by setting the next column name index to 0
          // many times.
          allColumnNames[recordMemberName] = 0;

          // Create a new symbol/reuse existing symbol for the column
          Symbol columnSymbol;
          if (!symbol.Columns.TryGetValue(recordMemberName, out columnSymbol))
          {
            // we do not care about the types of columns, so we pass null
            // when construction the symbol.
            columnSymbol = new Symbol(recordMemberName, null);
            symbol.Columns.Add(recordMemberName, columnSymbol);
          }

          selectStatement.Select.Append(separator);
          selectStatement.Select.Append(symbol);
          selectStatement.Select.Append(".");

          // We use the actual name before the "AS", the new name goes
          // after the AS.
          selectStatement.Select.Append(QuoteIdentifier(recordMemberName));

          selectStatement.Select.Append(" AS ");
          selectStatement.Select.Append(columnSymbol);

          // Check for column name collisions.
          if (columnDictionary.ContainsKey(recordMemberName))
          {
            columnDictionary[recordMemberName].NeedsRenaming = true;
            columnSymbol.NeedsRenaming = true;
          }
          else
          {
            columnDictionary[recordMemberName] = symbol.Columns[recordMemberName];
          }

          columnList.Add(columnSymbol);

          separator = ", ";
        }
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Expands Select * to "select the_list_of_columns"
    /// If the columns are taken from an extent, they are written as
    /// {original_column_name AS Symbol(original_column)} to allow renaming.
    ///
    /// If the columns are taken from a Join, they are written as just
    /// {original_column_name}, since there cannot be a name collision.
    ///
    /// We concatenate the columns from each of the inputs to the select statement.
    /// Since the inputs may be joins that are flattened, we need to recurse.
    /// The inputs are inferred from the symbols in FromExtents.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="selectStatement"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    List<Symbol> AddDefaultColumns(SqlSelectStatement selectStatement)
    {
      // This is the list of columns added in this select statement
      // This forms the "type" of the Select statement, if it has to
      // be expanded in another SELECT *
      List<Symbol> columnList = new List<Symbol>();

      // A lookup for the previous set of columns to aid column name
      // collision detection.
      Dictionary<string, Symbol> columnDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Symbol>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

      string separator = "";
      // The Select should usually be empty before we are called,
      // but we do not mind if it is not.
      if (!selectStatement.Select.IsEmpty)
      {
        separator = ", ";
      }

      foreach (Symbol symbol in selectStatement.FromExtents)
      {
        AddColumns(selectStatement, symbol, columnList, columnDictionary, ref separator);
      }

      return columnList;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="AddFromSymbol(SqlSelectStatement, string, Symbol, bool)"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="selectStatement"></param>
    /// <param name="inputVarName"></param>
    /// <param name="fromSymbol"></param>
    void AddFromSymbol(SqlSelectStatement selectStatement, string inputVarName, Symbol fromSymbol)
    {
      AddFromSymbol(selectStatement, inputVarName, fromSymbol, true);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This method is called after the input to a relational node is visited.
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbProjectExpression)"/> and <see cref="ProcessJoinInputResult"/>
    /// There are 2 scenarios
    /// <list type="number">
    /// <item>The fromSymbol is new i.e. the select statement has just been
    /// created, or a join extent has been added.</item>
    /// <item>The fromSymbol is old i.e. we are reusing a select statement.</item>
    /// </list>
    ///
    /// If we are not reusing the select statement, we have to complete the
    /// FROM clause with the alias
    /// <code>
    /// -- if the input was an extent
    /// FROM = [SchemaName].[TableName]
    /// -- if the input was a Project
    /// FROM = (SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE ...)
    /// </code>
    ///
    /// These become
    /// <code>
    /// -- if the input was an extent
    /// FROM = [SchemaName].[TableName] AS alias
    /// -- if the input was a Project
    /// FROM = (SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE ...) AS alias
    /// </code>
    /// and look like valid FROM clauses.
    ///
    /// Finally, we have to add the alias to the global list of aliases used,
    /// and also to the current symbol table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="selectStatement"></param>
    /// <param name="inputVarName">The alias to be used.</param>
    /// <param name="fromSymbol"></param>
    /// <param name="addToSymbolTable"></param>
    void AddFromSymbol(SqlSelectStatement selectStatement, string inputVarName, Symbol fromSymbol, bool addToSymbolTable)
    {

      // the first check is true if this is a new statement
      // the second check is true if we are in a join - we do not
      // check if we are in a join context.
      // We do not want to add "AS alias" if it has been done already
      // e.g. when we are reusing the Sql statement.
      if (selectStatement.FromExtents.Count == 0 || fromSymbol != selectStatement.FromExtents[0])
      {
        selectStatement.FromExtents.Add(fromSymbol);
        selectStatement.From.Append(" AS ");
        selectStatement.From.Append(fromSymbol);

        // We have this inside the if statement, since
        // we only want to add extents that are actually used.
        allExtentNames[fromSymbol.Name] = 0;
      }

      if (addToSymbolTable)
      {
        symbolTable.Add(inputVarName, fromSymbol);
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Translates a list of SortClauses.
    /// Used in the translation of OrderBy 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="orderByClause">The SqlBuilder to which the sort keys should be appended</param>
    /// <param name="sortKeys"></param>
    void AddSortKeys(SqlBuilder orderByClause, IList<DbSortClause> sortKeys)
    {
      string separator = "";
      foreach (DbSortClause sortClause in sortKeys)
      {
        orderByClause.Append(separator);
        orderByClause.Append(sortClause.Expression.Accept(this));
        Debug.Assert(sortClause.Collation != null);
        if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(sortClause.Collation))
        {
          orderByClause.Append(" COLLATE ");
          orderByClause.Append(sortClause.Collation);
        }

        orderByClause.Append(sortClause.Ascending ? " ASC" : " DESC");

        separator = ", ";
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <see cref="CreateNewSelectStatement(SqlSelectStatement oldStatement, string inputVarName, TypeUsage inputVarType, bool finalizeOldStatement, out Symbol fromSymbol) "/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="oldStatement"></param>
    /// <param name="inputVarName"></param>
    /// <param name="inputVarType"></param>
    /// <param name="fromSymbol"></param>
    /// <returns>A new select statement, with the old one as the from clause.</returns>
    SqlSelectStatement CreateNewSelectStatement(SqlSelectStatement oldStatement,
        string inputVarName, TypeUsage inputVarType, out Symbol fromSymbol)
    {
      return CreateNewSelectStatement(oldStatement, inputVarName, inputVarType, true, out fromSymbol);
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// This is called after a relational node's input has been visited, and the
    /// input's sql statement cannot be reused.  <see cref="Visit(DbProjectExpression)"/>
    ///
    /// When the input's sql statement cannot be reused, we create a new sql
    /// statement, with the old one as the from clause of the new statement.
    ///
    /// The old statement must be completed i.e. if it has an empty select list,
    /// the list of columns must be projected out.
    ///
    /// If the old statement being completed has a join symbol as its from extent,
    /// the new statement must have a clone of the join symbol as its extent.
    /// We cannot reuse the old symbol, but the new select statement must behave
    /// as though it is working over the "join" record.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="oldStatement"></param>
    /// <param name="inputVarName"></param>
    /// <param name="inputVarType"></param>
    /// <param name="finalizeOldStatement"></param>
    /// <param name="fromSymbol"></param>
    /// <returns>A new select statement, with the old one as the from clause.</returns>
    SqlSelectStatement CreateNewSelectStatement(SqlSelectStatement oldStatement,
        string inputVarName, TypeUsage inputVarType, bool finalizeOldStatement, out Symbol fromSymbol)
    {
      fromSymbol = null;

      // Finalize the old statement
      if (finalizeOldStatement && oldStatement.Select.IsEmpty)
      {
        List<Symbol> columns = AddDefaultColumns(oldStatement);

        // Thid could not have been called from a join node.
        Debug.Assert(oldStatement.FromExtents.Count == 1);

        // if the oldStatement has a join as its input, ...
        // clone the join symbol, so that we "reuse" the
        // join symbol.  Normally, we create a new symbol - see the next block
        // of code.
        JoinSymbol oldJoinSymbol = oldStatement.FromExtents[0] as JoinSymbol;
        if (oldJoinSymbol != null)
        {
          // Note: oldStatement.FromExtents will not do, since it might
          // just be an alias of joinSymbol, and we want an actual JoinSymbol.
          JoinSymbol newJoinSymbol = new JoinSymbol(inputVarName, inputVarType, oldJoinSymbol.ExtentList);
          // This indicates that the oldStatement is a blocking scope
          // i.e. it hides/renames extent columns
          newJoinSymbol.IsNestedJoin = true;
          newJoinSymbol.ColumnList = columns;
          newJoinSymbol.FlattenedExtentList = oldJoinSymbol.FlattenedExtentList;

          fromSymbol = newJoinSymbol;
        }
      }

      if (fromSymbol == null)
      {
        // This is just a simple extent/SqlSelectStatement,
        // and we can get the column list from the type.
        fromSymbol = new Symbol(inputVarName, inputVarType);
      }

      // Observe that the following looks like the body of Visit(ExtentExpression).
      SqlSelectStatement selectStatement = new SqlSelectStatement();
      selectStatement.From.Append("( ");
      selectStatement.From.Append(oldStatement);
      selectStatement.From.AppendLine();
      selectStatement.From.Append(") ");


      return selectStatement;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Before we embed a string literal in a SQL string, we should
    /// convert all ' to '', and enclose the whole string in single quotes.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="s"></param>
    /// <param name="isUnicode"></param>
    /// <returns>The escaped sql string.</returns>
    private static string EscapeSingleQuote(string s, bool isUnicode)
    {
      return "'" + s.Replace("'", "''") + "'";
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the sql primitive/native type name. 
    /// It will include size, precision or scale depending on type information present in the 
    /// type facets
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="type"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private string GetSqlPrimitiveType(TypeUsage type)
    {
      PrimitiveType primitiveType = MetadataHelpers.GetEdmType<PrimitiveType>(type);

      string typeName = primitiveType.Name;
      bool isUnicode = true;
      bool isFixedLength = false;
      int maxLength = 0;
      string length = "max";
      bool preserveSeconds = true;
      byte decimalPrecision = 0;
      byte decimalScale = 0;

      switch (primitiveType.PrimitiveTypeKind)
      {
        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Binary:
          maxLength = MetadataHelpers.GetFacetValueOrDefault<int>(type, MetadataHelpers.MaxLengthFacetName, MetadataHelpers.BinaryMaxMaxLength);
          if (maxLength == MetadataHelpers.BinaryMaxMaxLength)
          {
            length = "max";
          }
          else
          {
            length = maxLength.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
          }
          isFixedLength = MetadataHelpers.GetFacetValueOrDefault<bool>(type, MetadataHelpers.FixedLengthFacetName, false);
          typeName = (isFixedLength ? "binary(" : "varbinary(") + length + ")";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.String:
          // Question: How do we handle ntext?
          isUnicode = MetadataHelpers.GetFacetValueOrDefault<bool>(type, MetadataHelpers.UnicodeFacetName, true);
          isFixedLength = MetadataHelpers.GetFacetValueOrDefault<bool>(type, MetadataHelpers.FixedLengthFacetName, false);
          maxLength = MetadataHelpers.GetFacetValueOrDefault<int>(type, MetadataHelpers.MaxLengthFacetName, Int32.MinValue);
          if (maxLength == Int32.MinValue)
          {
            length = "max";
          }
          else
          {
            length = maxLength.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
          }
          if (isUnicode && !isFixedLength && maxLength > 4000)
            length = "max";
          if (!isUnicode && !isFixedLength && maxLength > 8000)
            length = "max";
          if (isFixedLength)
          {
            typeName = (isUnicode ? "nchar(" : "char(") + length + ")";
          }
          else
          {
            typeName = (isUnicode ? "nvarchar(" : "varchar(") + length + ")";
          }
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.DateTime:
          preserveSeconds = MetadataHelpers.GetFacetValueOrDefault<bool>(type, MetadataHelpers.PreserveSecondsFacetName, false);
          typeName = preserveSeconds ? "datetime" : "smalldatetime";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Decimal:
          decimalPrecision = MetadataHelpers.GetFacetValueOrDefault<byte>(type, MetadataHelpers.PrecisionFacetName, 18);
          Debug.Assert(decimalPrecision > 0, "decimal precision must be greater than zero");
          decimalScale = MetadataHelpers.GetFacetValueOrDefault<byte>(type, MetadataHelpers.ScaleFacetName, 0);
          Debug.Assert(decimalPrecision >= decimalScale, "decimalPrecision must be greater or equal to decimalScale");
          Debug.Assert(decimalPrecision <= 53, "decimalPrecision must be less than or equal to 53");
          typeName = typeName + "(" + decimalPrecision + "," + decimalScale + ")";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Int32:
          typeName = "int";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Int64:
          typeName = "bigint";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Int16:
          typeName = "smallint";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Byte:
          typeName = "tinyint";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Boolean:
          typeName = "bit";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Single:
          typeName = "real";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Double:
          typeName = "float";
          break;

        case PrimitiveTypeKind.Guid:
          typeName = "uniqueidentifier";
          break;

        default:
          throw new NotSupportedException("Unsupported EdmType: " + primitiveType.PrimitiveTypeKind);
      }

      return typeName;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Handles the expression represending DbLimitExpression.Limit and DbSkipExpression.Count.
    /// If it is a constant expression, it simply does to string thus avoiding casting it to the specific value
    /// (which would be done if <see cref="Visit(DbConstantExpression)"/> is called)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private ISqlFragment HandleCountExpression(DbExpression e)
    {
      ISqlFragment result;

      if (e.ExpressionKind == DbExpressionKind.Constant)
      {
        //For constant expression we should not cast the value, 
        // thus we don't go throught the default DbConstantExpression handling
        SqlBuilder sqlBuilder = new SqlBuilder();
        sqlBuilder.Append(((DbConstantExpression)e).Value.ToString());
        result = sqlBuilder;
      }
      else
      {
        result = e.Accept(this);
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This is used to determine if a particular expression is an Apply operation.
    /// This is only the case when the DbExpressionKind is CrossApply or OuterApply.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    bool IsApplyExpression(DbExpression e)
    {
      return (DbExpressionKind.CrossApply == e.ExpressionKind || DbExpressionKind.OuterApply == e.ExpressionKind);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This is used to determine if a particular expression is a Join operation.
    /// This is true for DbCrossJoinExpression and DbJoinExpression, the
    /// latter of which may have one of several different ExpressionKinds.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    bool IsJoinExpression(DbExpression e)
    {
      return (DbExpressionKind.CrossJoin == e.ExpressionKind ||
              DbExpressionKind.FullOuterJoin == e.ExpressionKind ||
              DbExpressionKind.InnerJoin == e.ExpressionKind ||
              DbExpressionKind.LeftOuterJoin == e.ExpressionKind);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This is used to determine if a calling expression needs to place
    /// round brackets around the translation of the expression e.
    ///
    /// Constants, parameters and properties do not require brackets,
    /// everything else does.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns>true, if the expression needs brackets </returns>
    bool IsComplexExpression(DbExpression e)
    {
      switch (e.ExpressionKind)
      {
        case DbExpressionKind.Constant:
        case DbExpressionKind.ParameterReference:
        case DbExpressionKind.Property:
          return false;

        default:
          return true;
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Determine if the owner expression can add its unique sql to the input's
    /// SqlSelectStatement
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="result">The SqlSelectStatement of the input to the relational node.</param>
    /// <param name="expressionKind">The kind of the expression node(not the input's)</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    bool IsCompatible(SqlSelectStatement result, DbExpressionKind expressionKind)
    {
      switch (expressionKind)
      {
        case DbExpressionKind.Distinct:
          return result.Top == null
            // The projection after distinct may not project all 
            // columns used in the Order By
              && result.OrderBy.IsEmpty;

        case DbExpressionKind.Filter:
          return result.Select.IsEmpty
                  && result.Where.IsEmpty
                  && result.GroupBy.IsEmpty
                  && result.Top == null;

        case DbExpressionKind.GroupBy:
          return result.Select.IsEmpty
                  && result.GroupBy.IsEmpty
                  && result.OrderBy.IsEmpty
                  && result.Top == null;

        case DbExpressionKind.Limit:
        case DbExpressionKind.Element:
          return result.Top == null;

        case DbExpressionKind.Project:
          return result.Select.IsEmpty
                  && result.GroupBy.IsEmpty;

        case DbExpressionKind.Skip:
          return result.Select.IsEmpty
                  && result.GroupBy.IsEmpty
                  && result.OrderBy.IsEmpty
                  && !result.IsDistinct;

        case DbExpressionKind.Sort:
          return result.Select.IsEmpty
                  && result.GroupBy.IsEmpty
                  && result.OrderBy.IsEmpty;

        default:
          Debug.Assert(false);
          throw new InvalidOperationException();
      }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// We use the normal box quotes for SQL server.  We do not deal with ANSI quotes
    /// i.e. double quotes.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="name"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    internal static string QuoteIdentifier(string name)
    {


      Debug.Assert(!String.IsNullOrEmpty(name));
      // We assume that the names are not quoted to begin with.
      return "[" + name.Replace("]", "]]") + "]";
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Simply calls <see cref="VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(DbExpression, bool)"/>
    /// with addDefaultColumns set to true
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    SqlSelectStatement VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(DbExpression e)
    {
      return VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(e, true);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This is called from <see cref="GenerateSql(DbQueryCommandTree)"/> and nodes which require a
    /// select statement as an argument e.g. <see cref="Visit(DbIsEmptyExpression)"/>,
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbUnionAllExpression)"/>.
    ///
    /// SqlGenerator needs its child to have a proper alias if the child is
    /// just an extent or a join.
    ///
    /// The normal relational nodes result in complete valid SQL statements.
    /// For the rest, we need to treat them as there was a dummy
    /// <code>
    /// -- originally {expression}
    /// -- change that to
    /// SELECT *
    /// FROM {expression} as c
    /// </code>
    /// 
    /// DbLimitExpression needs to start the statement but not add the default columns
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    /// <param name="addDefaultColumns"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    SqlSelectStatement VisitExpressionEnsureSqlStatement(DbExpression e, bool addDefaultColumns)
    {
      Debug.Assert(MetadataHelpers.IsCollectionType(e.ResultType));

      SqlSelectStatement result;
      switch (e.ExpressionKind)
      {
        case DbExpressionKind.Project:
        case DbExpressionKind.Filter:
        case DbExpressionKind.GroupBy:
        case DbExpressionKind.Sort:
          result = e.Accept(this) as SqlSelectStatement;
          break;

        default:
          Symbol fromSymbol;
          string inputVarName = "c";  // any name will do - this is my random choice.
          symbolTable.EnterScope();

          TypeUsage type = null;
          switch (e.ExpressionKind)
          {
            case DbExpressionKind.Scan:
            case DbExpressionKind.CrossJoin:
            case DbExpressionKind.FullOuterJoin:
            case DbExpressionKind.InnerJoin:
            case DbExpressionKind.LeftOuterJoin:
            case DbExpressionKind.CrossApply:
            case DbExpressionKind.OuterApply:
              type = MetadataHelpers.GetElementTypeUsage(e.ResultType);
              break;

            default:
              Debug.Assert(MetadataHelpers.IsCollectionType(e.ResultType));
              type = MetadataHelpers.GetEdmType<CollectionType>(e.ResultType).TypeUsage;
              break;
          }

          result = VisitInputExpression(e, inputVarName, type, out fromSymbol);
          AddFromSymbol(result, inputVarName, fromSymbol);
          symbolTable.ExitScope();
          break;
      }

      if (addDefaultColumns && result.Select.IsEmpty)
      {
        AddDefaultColumns(result);
      }

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This method is called by <see cref="Visit(DbFilterExpression)"/> and
    /// <see cref="Visit(DbQuantifierExpression)"/>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="input"></param>
    /// <param name="predicate"></param>
    /// <param name="negatePredicate">This is passed from <see cref="Visit(DbQuantifierExpression)"/>
    /// in the All(...) case.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    SqlSelectStatement VisitFilterExpression(DbExpressionBinding input, DbExpression predicate, bool negatePredicate)
    {
      Symbol fromSymbol;
      SqlSelectStatement result = VisitInputExpression(input.Expression,
          input.VariableName, input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);

      // Filter is compatible with OrderBy
      // but not with Project, another Filter or GroupBy
      if (!IsCompatible(result, DbExpressionKind.Filter))
      {
        result = CreateNewSelectStatement(result, input.VariableName, input.VariableType, out fromSymbol);
      }

      selectStatementStack.Push(result);
      symbolTable.EnterScope();

      AddFromSymbol(result, input.VariableName, fromSymbol);

      if (negatePredicate)
      {
        result.Where.Append("NOT (");
      }
      result.Where.Append(predicate.Accept(this));
      if (negatePredicate)
      {
        result.Where.Append(")");
      }

      symbolTable.ExitScope();
      selectStatementStack.Pop();

      return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// If the sql fragment for an input expression is not a SqlSelect statement
    /// or other acceptable form (e.g. an extent as a SqlBuilder), we need
    /// to wrap it in a form acceptable in a FROM clause.  These are
    /// primarily the
    /// <list type="bullet">
    /// <item>The set operation expressions - union all, intersect, except</item>
    /// <item>TVFs, which are conceptually similar to tables</item>
    /// </list>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="result"></param>
    /// <param name="sqlFragment"></param>
    /// <param name="expressionKind"></param>
    void WrapNonQueryExtent(SqlSelectStatement result, ISqlFragment sqlFragment, DbExpressionKind expressionKind)
    {
      switch (expressionKind)
      {
        case DbExpressionKind.Function:
          // TVF
          result.From.Append(sqlFragment);
          break;

        default:
          result.From.Append(" (");
          result.From.Append(sqlFragment);
          result.From.Append(")");
          break;
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Is this a builtin function (ie) does it have the builtinAttribute specified?
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="function"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static bool IsBuiltinFunction(EdmFunction function)
    {
      return MetadataHelpers.TryGetValueForMetadataProperty<bool>(function, "BuiltInAttribute");
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="function"></param>
    /// <param name="result"></param>
    void WriteFunctionName(SqlBuilder result, EdmFunction function)
    {
      string storeFunctionName = MetadataHelpers.TryGetValueForMetadataProperty<string>(function, "StoreFunctionNameAttribute");

      if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(storeFunctionName))
      {
        storeFunctionName = function.Name;
      }

      // If the function is a builtin (ie) the BuiltIn attribute has been
      // specified, then, the function name should not be quoted; additionally,
      // no namespace should be used.
      if (IsBuiltinFunction(function))
      {
        if (function.NamespaceName == "Edm")
        {
          switch (storeFunctionName.ToUpperInvariant())
          {
            default:
              result.Append(storeFunctionName);
              break;
          }

        }
        else
        {
          result.Append(storeFunctionName);
        }

      }
      else
      {
        // Should we actually support this?
        result.Append(QuoteIdentifier((string)function.MetadataProperties["Schema"].Value ?? "dbo"));
        result.Append(".");
        result.Append(QuoteIdentifier(storeFunctionName));
      }
    }

    static string ByteArrayToBinaryString(Byte[] binaryArray)
    {
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(binaryArray.Length * 2);
      for (int i = 0; i < binaryArray.Length; i++)
      {
        sb.Append(hexDigits[(binaryArray[i] & 0xF0) >> 4]).Append(hexDigits[binaryArray[i] & 0x0F]);
      }
      return sb.ToString();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Helper method for the Group By visitor
    /// Returns true if at least one of the aggregates in the given list
    /// has an argument that is not a <see cref="DbPropertyExpression"/> 
    /// over <see cref="DbVariableReferenceExpression"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="aggregates"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    static bool NeedsInnerQuery(IList<DbAggregate> aggregates)
    {
      foreach (DbAggregate aggregate in aggregates)
      {
        Debug.Assert(aggregate.Arguments.Count == 1);
        if (!IsPropertyOverVarRef(aggregate.Arguments[0]))
        {
          return true;
        }
      }
      return false;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Determines whether the given expression is a <see cref="DbPropertyExpression"/> 
    /// over <see cref="DbVariableReferenceExpression"/>
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="expression"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    static bool IsPropertyOverVarRef(DbExpression expression)
    {
      DbPropertyExpression propertyExpression = expression as DbPropertyExpression;
      if (propertyExpression == null)
      {
        return false;
      }
      DbVariableReferenceExpression varRefExpression = propertyExpression.Instance as DbVariableReferenceExpression;
      if (varRefExpression == null)
      {
        return false;
      }
      return true;
    }

    #endregion
  }

}