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Overview
| Comment: | Pickup the SQLite core library 3.14.2 docs from upstream. |
|---|---|
| Downloads: | Tarball | ZIP archive |
| Timelines: | family | ancestors | descendants | both | trunk |
| Files: | files | file ages | folders |
| SHA1: |
0d2c14e945fc4ac180a78b33bf5ddca5 |
| User & Date: | mistachkin 2016-09-12 21:28:18.780 |
Context
|
2016-09-12
| ||
| 21:35 | Further enhance backward compatibility of the 'vtab.tcl' doc tool. check-in: 5a46d020f4 user: mistachkin tags: trunk | |
| 21:28 | Pickup the SQLite core library 3.14.2 docs from upstream. check-in: 0d2c14e945 user: mistachkin tags: trunk | |
| 21:18 | Even more updates to the 'vtab.tcl' doc tool. check-in: dfedc189bf user: mistachkin tags: trunk | |
Changes
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Query Language Understood by SQLite</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > | | | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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<h1 align=center>SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1>
<p>SQLite understands most of the standard SQL
language. But it does <a href="omitted.html">omit some features</a>
while at the same time
adding a few features of its own. This document attempts to
describe precisely what parts of the SQL language SQLite does
and does not support. A list of <a href="lang_keywords.html">SQL keywords</a> is
also provided. The SQL language syntax is described by
<a href="syntaxdiagrams.html">syntax diagrams</a>.
<p>The following syntax documentation topics are available:</p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="5" border="0">
<tr><td valign="top"><ul>
<style>
#listtab26 tr td {vertical-align:top;}
</style>
<table id='listtab26' width='100%'></table>
<script>
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{"u":"lang_analyze.html","x":"ANALYZE","s":0},
{"u":"lang_attach.html","x":"ATTACH DATABASE","s":0},
{"u":"lang_transaction.html","x":"BEGIN TRANSACTION","s":0},
{"u":"lang_comment.html","x":"comment","s":0},
{"u":"lang_transaction.html","x":"COMMIT TRANSACTION","s":0},
{"u":"lang_corefunc.html","x":"core functions","s":0},
{"u":"lang_createindex.html","x":"CREATE INDEX","s":0},
{"u":"lang_createtable.html","x":"CREATE TABLE","s":0},
{"u":"lang_createtrigger.html","x":"CREATE TRIGGER","s":0},
{"u":"lang_createview.html","x":"CREATE VIEW","s":0},
{"u":"lang_createvtab.html","x":"CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE","s":0},
{"u":"lang_datefunc.html","x":"date and time functions","s":0},
{"u":"lang_delete.html","x":"DELETE","s":0},
{"u":"lang_detach.html","x":"DETACH DATABASE","s":0},
{"u":"lang_dropindex.html","x":"DROP INDEX","s":0},
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{"u":"lang_explain.html","x":"EXPLAIN","s":0},
{"u":"lang_expr.html","x":"expression","s":0},
{"u":"lang_indexedby.html","x":"INDEXED BY","s":0},
{"u":"lang_insert.html","x":"INSERT","s":0},
{"u":"lang_keywords.html","x":"keywords","s":0},
{"u":"lang_conflict.html","x":"ON CONFLICT clause","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#syntax","x":"PRAGMA","s":0},
{"u":"lang_reindex.html","x":"REINDEX","s":0},
{"u":"lang_savepoint.html","x":"RELEASE SAVEPOINT","s":0},
{"u":"lang_replace.html","x":"REPLACE","s":0},
{"u":"lang_transaction.html","x":"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION","s":0},
{"u":"lang_savepoint.html","x":"SAVEPOINT","s":0},
{"u":"lang_select.html","x":"SELECT","s":0},
{"u":"lang_update.html","x":"UPDATE","s":0},
{"u":"lang_vacuum.html","x":"VACUUM","s":0},
{"u":"lang_with.html","x":"WITH clause","s":0}];
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var ea
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j = 1;
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h += "<li>"
ea = ""
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h += "<li><a href='";
h += listitems26[i].u;
h += "'>";
ea = "</a>"
}
if(listitems26[i].s==2 || listitems26[i].s==3) h += "<s>"
h += listitems26[i].x;
if(listitems26[i].s==2 || listitems26[i].s==3) h += "</s>"
h += ea
if(listitems26[i].s==1) h += "<small><i>(exp)</i></small>\n";
if(listitems26[i].s==3) h += "¹\n";
if(listitems26[i].s==4) h += "²\n";
if(listitems26[i].s==5) h += "³\n";
}
document.getElementById("listtab26").innerHTML = h;
</script>
</ul></td></tr></table>
<p>The routines <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2()</a>, <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare()</a>,
<a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare16()</a>, <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare16_v2()</a>,
<a href="c3ref/exec.html">sqlite3_exec()</a>, and <a href="c3ref/free_table.html">sqlite3_get_table()</a> accept
an SQL statement list (sql-stmt-list) which is a semicolon-separated
list of statements.</p>
<p><b><a href="syntax/sql-stmt-list.html">sql-stmt-list:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram sql-stmt-list" src="images/syntax/sql-stmt-list.gif"></img>
</div>
<p>Each SQL statement in the statement list is an instance of the
following:</p>
<p><b><a href="syntax/sql-stmt.html">sql-stmt:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram sql-stmt" src="images/syntax/sql-stmt.gif"></img>
</div>
|
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_aggfunc.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: Aggregate Functions</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < | < < > > > | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > | | > | | > | | > | | > | | > | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 |
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if( !location.origin.match(/http/) ){
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>Aggregate Functions</h2></div>
<p>
The aggregate functions shown below are available by default. Additional
aggregate functions written in C may be added using the
<a href="c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_function()</a></a>
API.</p>
<p>
In any aggregate function that takes a single argument, that argument
can be preceded by the keyword DISTINCT. In such cases, duplicate
elements are filtered before being passed into the aggregate function.
For example, the function "count(distinct X)" will return the number
of distinct values of column X instead of the total number of non-null
values in column X.
</p>
<style>
#listtab28 tr td {vertical-align:top;}
</style>
<table id='listtab28' width='100%'></table>
<script>
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<hr class='xhr'>
<dl>
<a name="avg"></a>
<dt><p><b>avg(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The avg() function
returns the average value of all non-NULL <i>X</i> within a
group. String and BLOB values that do not look like numbers are
interpreted as 0.
The result of avg() is always a floating point value as long as
at there is at least one non-NULL input even if all
inputs are integers. The result of avg() is NULL if and only if
there are no non-NULL inputs.
</dd>
<a name="count"></a>
<dt><p><b>count(<i>X</i>)<br />count(*)</b></dt><dd><p>
The count(X) function returns
a count of the number of times
that <i>X</i> is not NULL in a group. The count(*) function
(with no arguments) returns the total number of rows in the group.
</dd>
<a name="groupconcat"></a>
<dt><p><b>group_concat(<i>X</i>)<br />group_concat(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The group_concat() function returns
a string which is the concatenation of
all non-NULL values of <i>X</i>. If parameter <i>Y</i> is present then
it is used as the separator
between instances of <i>X</i>. A comma (",") is used as the separator
if <i>Y</i> is omitted. The order of the concatenated elements is
arbitrary.
</dd>
<a name="maxggunc"></a>
<dt><p><b>max(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The max() aggregate function
returns the maximum value of all values in the group.
The maximum value is the value that would be returned last in an
ORDER BY on the same column. Aggregate max() returns NULL
if and only if there are no non-NULL values in the group.
</dd>
<a name="minggunc"></a>
<dt><p><b>min(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The min() aggregate function
returns the minimum non-NULL value of all values in the group.
The minimum value is the first non-NULL value that would appear
in an ORDER BY of the column.
Aggregate min() returns NULL if and only if there are no non-NULL
values in the group.
</dd>
<a name="sumunc"></a>
<dt><p><b>sum(<i>X</i>)<br />total(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The sum() and total() aggregate functions
return sum of all non-NULL values in the group.
If there are no non-NULL input rows then sum() returns
NULL but total() returns 0.0.
NULL is not normally a helpful result for the sum of no rows
but the SQL standard requires it and most other
SQL database engines implement sum() that way so SQLite does it in the
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
212 213 214 215 216 217 218 | then sum() returns a floating point value which might be an approximation to the true sum.</p> <p>Sum() will throw an "integer overflow" exception if all inputs are integers or NULL and an integer overflow occurs at any point during the computation. Total() never throws an integer overflow. | < | | | 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 | then sum() returns a floating point value which might be an approximation to the true sum.</p> <p>Sum() will throw an "integer overflow" exception if all inputs are integers or NULL and an integer overflow occurs at any point during the computation. Total() never throws an integer overflow. </dd> </dl> |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_altertable.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: ALTER TABLE</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>ALTER TABLE</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/alter-table-stmt.html">alter-table-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x739' onclick='hideorshow("x739","x740")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x740' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram alter-table-stmt" src="images/syntax/alter-table-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/column-def.html">column-def:</a></b>
<button id='x741' onclick='hideorshow("x741","x742")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x742' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram column-def" src="images/syntax/column-def.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/column-constraint.html">column-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x743' onclick='hideorshow("x743","x744")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x744' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram column-constraint" src="images/syntax/column-constraint.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/conflict-clause.html">conflict-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x745' onclick='hideorshow("x745","x746")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x746' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram conflict-clause" src="images/syntax/conflict-clause.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x747' onclick='hideorshow("x747","x748")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x748' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x749' onclick='hideorshow("x749","x750")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x750' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x751' onclick='hideorshow("x751","x752")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x752' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x753' onclick='hideorshow("x753","x754")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x754' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x755' onclick='hideorshow("x755","x756")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x756' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x757' onclick='hideorshow("x757","x758")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x758' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x759' onclick='hideorshow("x759","x760")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x760' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x761' onclick='hideorshow("x761","x762")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x762' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x763' onclick='hideorshow("x763","x764")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x764' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x765' onclick='hideorshow("x765","x766")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x766' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x767' onclick='hideorshow("x767","x768")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x768' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/foreign-key-clause.html">foreign-key-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x769' onclick='hideorshow("x769","x770")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x770' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram foreign-key-clause" src="images/syntax/foreign-key-clause.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x771' onclick='hideorshow("x771","x772")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x772' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x773' onclick='hideorshow("x773","x774")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x774' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x775' onclick='hideorshow("x775","x776")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x776' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x777' onclick='hideorshow("x777","x778")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x778' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>SQLite supports a limited subset of ALTER TABLE.
The ALTER TABLE command in SQLite allows the user to rename a table
or to add a new column to an existing table.
</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_analyze.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: ANALYZE</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>ANALYZE</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/analyze-stmt.html">analyze-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x779' onclick='hideorshow("x779","x780")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x780' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram analyze-stmt" src="images/syntax/analyze-stmt.gif" />
</div>
<p> The ANALYZE command gathers statistics about tables and
indices and stores the collected information
in <a href="fileformat2.html#intschema">internal tables</a> of the database where the query optimizer can
access the information and use it to help make better query planning choices.
If no arguments are given, all attached databases are
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_attach.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: ATTACH DATABASE</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>ATTACH DATABASE</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/attach-stmt.html">attach-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x781' onclick='hideorshow("x781","x782")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x782' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram attach-stmt" src="images/syntax/attach-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x783' onclick='hideorshow("x783","x784")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x784' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x785' onclick='hideorshow("x785","x786")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x786' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x787' onclick='hideorshow("x787","x788")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x788' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x789' onclick='hideorshow("x789","x790")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x790' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x791' onclick='hideorshow("x791","x792")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x792' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x793' onclick='hideorshow("x793","x794")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x794' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x795' onclick='hideorshow("x795","x796")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x796' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x797' onclick='hideorshow("x797","x798")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x798' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x799' onclick='hideorshow("x799","x800")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x800' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x801' onclick='hideorshow("x801","x802")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x802' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x803' onclick='hideorshow("x803","x804")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x804' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x805' onclick='hideorshow("x805","x806")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x806' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x807' onclick='hideorshow("x807","x808")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x808' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x809' onclick='hideorshow("x809","x810")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x810' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p> The ATTACH DATABASE statement adds another database
file to the current <a href="c3ref/sqlite3.html">database connection</a>.
Database files that were previously attached can be removed using
the <a href="lang_detach.html">DETACH DATABASE</a> command.
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_comment.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: comment</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>comment</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/comment-syntax.html">comment-syntax:</a></b>
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<p>Comments are not SQL commands, but can occur within the text of
SQL queries passed to <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2()</a> and related interfaces.
Comments are treated as whitespace by the parser.
Comments can begin anywhere whitespace
can be found, including inside expressions that span multiple lines.
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>ON CONFLICT clause</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/conflict-clause.html">conflict-clause:</a></b>
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<p>The ON CONFLICT clause is not a separate SQL command. It is a
non-standard clause that can appear in many other SQL commands.
It is given its own section in this document because it is not
part of standard SQL and therefore might not be familiar.</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>Core Functions</h2></div>
<p>The core functions shown below are available by default.
<a href="lang_datefunc.html">Date & Time functions</a>,
<a href="lang_aggfunc.html">aggregate functions</a>, and
<a href="json1.html">JSON functions</a> are documented separately. An
application may define additional
functions written in C and added to the database engine using
the <a href="c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_function()</a> API.</p>
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<dl>
<a name="abs"></a>
<dt><p><b>abs(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The abs(X) function returns the absolute value of the numeric
argument X. Abs(X) returns NULL if X is NULL.
Abs(X) returns 0.0 if X is a string or blob
that cannot be converted to a numeric value. If X is the
integer -9223372036854775808 then abs(X) throws an integer overflow
error since there is no equivalent positive 64-bit two complement value.
</dd>
<a name="changes"></a>
<dt><p><b>changes()</b></dt><dd><p>
The changes() function returns the number of database rows that were changed
or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, DELETE,
or UPDATE statement, exclusive of statements in lower-level triggers.
The changes() SQL function is a wrapper around the <a href="c3ref/changes.html">sqlite3_changes()</a>
C/C++ function and hence follows the same rules for counting changes.
</dd>
<a name="char"></a>
<dt><p><b>char(<i>X1</i>,<i>X2</i>,...,<i>XN</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The char(X1,X2,...,XN) function returns a string composed of characters having the
unicode code point values of integers X1 through XN, respectively.
</dd>
<a name="coalesce"></a>
<dt><p><b>coalesce(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>,...)</b></dt><dd><p>
The coalesce() function returns a copy of its first non-NULL argument, or
NULL if all arguments are NULL. Coalesce() must have at least
2 arguments.
</dd>
<a name="glob"></a>
<dt><p><b>glob(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The glob(X,Y) function is equivalent to the
expression "<b>Y GLOB X</b>".
Note that the X and Y arguments are reversed in the glob() function
relative to the infix <a href="lang_expr.html#glob">GLOB</a> operator.
If the <a href="c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_function()</a> interface is used to
override the glob(X,Y) function with an alternative implementation then
the <a href="lang_expr.html#glob">GLOB</a> operator will invoke the alternative implementation.
</dd>
<a name="hex"></a>
<dt><p><b>hex(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The hex() function interprets its argument as a BLOB and returns
a string which is the upper-case hexadecimal rendering of the content of
that blob.
</dd>
<a name="ifnull"></a>
<dt><p><b>ifnull(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The ifnull() function returns a copy of its first non-NULL argument, or
NULL if both arguments are NULL. Ifnull() must have exactly 2 arguments.
The ifnull() function is equivalent to <a href="lang_corefunc.html#coalesce">coalesce()</a> with two arguments.
</dd>
<a name="instr"></a>
<dt><p><b>instr(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The instr(X,Y) function finds the first occurrence of string Y within
string X and returns the number of prior characters plus 1, or 0 if
Y is nowhere found within X.
Or, if X and Y are both BLOBs, then instr(X,Y) returns one
more than the number bytes prior to the first occurrence of Y, or 0 if
Y does not occur anywhere within X.
If both arguments X and Y to instr(X,Y) are non-NULL and are not BLOBs
then both are interpreted as strings.
If either X or Y are NULL in instr(X,Y) then the result is NULL.
</dd>
<a name="last_insert_rowid"></a>
<dt><p><b>last_insert_rowid()</b></dt><dd><p>
The last_insert_rowid() function returns the <a href="lang_createtable.html#rowid">ROWID</a>
of the last row insert from the database connection which invoked the
function.
The last_insert_rowid() SQL function is a wrapper around the
<a href="c3ref/last_insert_rowid.html">sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()</a> C/C++ interface function.
</dd>
<a name="length"></a>
<dt><p><b>length(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
For a string value X, the length(X) function returns the number of
characters (not bytes) in X prior to the first NUL character.
Since SQLite strings do not normally contain NUL characters, the length(X)
function will usually return the total number of characters in the string X.
For a blob value X, length(X) returns the number of bytes in the blob.
If X is NULL then length(X) is NULL.
If X is numeric then length(X) returns the length of a string
representation of X.
</dd>
<a name="like"></a>
<dt><p><b>like(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)<br />like(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>,<i>Z</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The like() function is used to implement the
"<b>Y LIKE X [ESCAPE Z]</b>" expression.
If the optional ESCAPE clause is present, then the
like() function is invoked with three arguments. Otherwise, it is
invoked with two arguments only. Note that the X and Y parameters are
reversed in the like() function relative to the infix <a href="lang_expr.html#like">LIKE</a> operator.
The <a href="c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_function()</a> interface can be used to override the
like() function and thereby change the operation of the
<a href="lang_expr.html#like">LIKE</a> operator. When overriding the like() function, it may be important
to override both the two and three argument versions of the like()
function. Otherwise, different code may be called to implement the
<a href="lang_expr.html#like">LIKE</a> operator depending on whether or not an ESCAPE clause was
specified.
</dd>
<a name="likelihood"></a>
<dt><p><b>likelihood(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The likelihood(X,Y) function returns argument X unchanged.
The value Y in likelihood(X,Y) must be a floating point constant
between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive.
The likelihood(X) function is a no-op that the code generator
optimizes away so that it consumes no CPU cycles during run-time
(that is, during calls to <a href="c3ref/step.html">sqlite3_step()</a>).
The purpose of the likelihood(X,Y) function is to provide a hint
to the query planner that the argument X is a boolean that is
true with a probability of approximately Y.
The <a href="lang_corefunc.html#unlikely">unlikely(X)</a> function is short-hand for likelihood(X,0.0625).
The <a href="lang_corefunc.html#likely">likely(X)</a> function is short-hand for likelihood(X,0.9375).
</dd>
<a name="likely"></a>
<dt><p><b>likely(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The likely(X) function returns the argument X unchanged.
The likely(X) function is a no-op that the code generator
optimizes away so that it consumes no CPU cycles at
run-time (that is, during calls to <a href="c3ref/step.html">sqlite3_step()</a>).
The purpose of the likely(X) function is to provide a hint
to the query planner that the argument X is a boolean value
that is usually true. The likely(X) function is equivalent
to <a href="lang_corefunc.html#likelihood">likelihood</a>(X,0.9375). See also: <a href="lang_corefunc.html#unlikely">unlikely(X)</a>.
</dd>
<a name="load_extension"></a>
<dt><p><b>load_extension(<i>X</i>)<br />load_extension(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The load_extension(X,Y) function loads <a href="loadext.html">SQLite extensions</a> out of the shared
library file named X using the entry point Y. The result of load_extension()
is always a NULL. If Y is omitted then the default entry point name is used.
The load_extension() function raises an exception if the extension fails to
load or initialize correctly.
<p>The load_extension() function will fail if the extension attempts to
modify or delete an SQL function or collating sequence. The
extension can add new functions or collating sequences, but cannot
modify or delete existing functions or collating sequences because
those functions and/or collating sequences might be used elsewhere
in the currently running SQL statement. To load an extension that
changes or deletes functions or collating sequences, use the
<a href="c3ref/load_extension.html">sqlite3_load_extension()</a> C-language API.</p>
<p>For security reasons, extension loaded is turned off by default and must
be enabled by a prior call to <a href="c3ref/enable_load_extension.html">sqlite3_enable_load_extension()</a>.</p>
</dd>
<a name="lower"></a>
<dt><p><b>lower(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The lower(X) function returns a copy of string X with all ASCII characters
converted to lower case. The default built-in lower() function works
for ASCII characters only. To do case conversions on non-ASCII
characters, load the ICU extension.
</dd>
<a name="ltrim"></a>
<dt><p><b>ltrim(<i>X</i>)<br />ltrim(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The ltrim(X,Y) function returns a string formed by removing any and all
characters that appear in Y from the left side of X.
If the Y argument is omitted, ltrim(X) removes spaces from the left side
of X.
</dd>
<a name="maxoreunc"></a>
<dt><p><b>max(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>,...)</b></dt><dd><p>
The multi-argument max() function returns the argument with the
maximum value, or return NULL if any argument is NULL.
The multi-argument max() function searches its arguments from left to right
for an argument that defines a collating function and uses that collating
function for all string comparisons. If none of the arguments to max()
define a collating function, then the BINARY collating function is used.
Note that <b>max()</b> is a simple function when
it has 2 or more arguments but operates as an
<a href="lang_aggfunc.html#maxggunc">aggregate function</a> if given only a single argument.
</dd>
<a name="minoreunc"></a>
<dt><p><b>min(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>,...)</b></dt><dd><p>
The multi-argument min() function returns the argument with the
minimum value.
The multi-argument min() function searches its arguments from left to right
for an argument that defines a collating function and uses that collating
function for all string comparisons. If none of the arguments to min()
define a collating function, then the BINARY collating function is used.
Note that <b>min()</b> is a simple function when
it has 2 or more arguments but operates as an
<a href="lang_aggfunc.html#minggunc">aggregate function</a> if given
only a single argument.
</dd>
<a name="nullif"></a>
<dt><p><b>nullif(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The nullif(X,Y) function returns its first argument if the arguments are
different and NULL if the arguments are the same. The nullif(X,Y) function
searches its arguments from left to right for an argument that defines a
collating function and uses that collating function for all string
comparisons. If neither argument to nullif() defines a collating function
then the BINARY is used.
</dd>
<a name="printf"></a>
<dt><p><b>printf(<i>FORMAT</i>,...)</b></dt><dd><p>
The printf(FORMAT,...) SQL function works like the <a href="c3ref/mprintf.html">sqlite3_mprintf()</a> C-language
function and the printf() function from the standard C library.
The first argument is a format string that specifies how to construct the output
string using values taken from subsequent arguments. If the FORMAT argument is
missing or NULL then the result is NULL. The %n format is silently ignored and
does not consume an argument. The %p format is an alias for %X. The %z format
is interchangeable with %s. If there are too few arguments in the argument list,
missing arguments are assumed to have a NULL value, which is translated into
0 or 0.0 for numeric formats or an empty string for %s.
</dd>
<a name="quote"></a>
<dt><p><b>quote(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The quote(X) function returns the text of an SQL literal which
is the value of its argument suitable for inclusion into an SQL statement.
Strings are surrounded by single-quotes with escapes on interior quotes
as needed. BLOBs are encoded as hexadecimal literals.
Strings with embedded NUL characters cannot be represented as string
literals in SQL and hence the returned string literal is truncated prior
to the first NUL.
</dd>
<a name="random"></a>
<dt><p><b>random()</b></dt><dd><p>
The random() function returns a pseudo-random integer
between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807.
</dd>
<a name="randomblob"></a>
<dt><p><b>randomblob(<i>N</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The randomblob(N) function return an N-byte blob containing pseudo-random
bytes. If N is less than 1 then a 1-byte random blob is returned.
<p>Hint: applications can generate globally unique identifiers
using this function together with <a href="lang_corefunc.html#hex">hex()</a> and/or
<a href="lang_corefunc.html#lower">lower()</a> like this:</p>
<blockquote>
hex(randomblob(16))<br></br>
lower(hex(randomblob(16)))
</blockquote>
</dd>
<a name="replace"></a>
<dt><p><b>replace(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>,<i>Z</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The replace(X,Y,Z) function returns a string formed by substituting
string Z for every occurrence of string Y in string X. The <a href="datatype3.html#collation">BINARY</a>
collating sequence is used for comparisons. If Y is an empty
string then return X unchanged. If Z is not initially
a string, it is cast to a UTF-8 string prior to processing.
</dd>
<a name="round"></a>
<dt><p><b>round(<i>X</i>)<br />round(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The round(X,Y) function returns a floating-point
value X rounded to Y digits to the right of the decimal point.
If the Y argument is omitted, it is assumed to be 0.
</dd>
<a name="rtrim"></a>
<dt><p><b>rtrim(<i>X</i>)<br />rtrim(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The rtrim(X,Y) function returns a string formed by removing any and all
characters that appear in Y from the right side of X.
If the Y argument is omitted, rtrim(X) removes spaces from the right
side of X.
</dd>
<a name="soundex"></a>
<dt><p><b>soundex(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The soundex(X) function returns a string that is the soundex encoding
of the string X.
The string "?000" is returned if the argument is NULL or contains
no ASCII alphabetic characters.
This function is omitted from SQLite by default.
It is only available if the <a href="compile.html#soundex">SQLITE_SOUNDEX</a> compile-time option
is used when SQLite is built.
</dd>
<a name="sqlite_compileoption_get"></a>
<dt><p><b>sqlite_compileoption_get(<i>N</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The sqlite_compileoption_get() SQL function is a wrapper around the
<a href="c3ref/compileoption_get.html">sqlite3_compileoption_get()</a> C/C++ function.
This routine returns the N-th compile-time option used to build SQLite
or NULL if N is out of range. See also the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_compile_options">compile_options pragma</a>.
</dd>
<a name="sqlite_compileoption_used"></a>
<dt><p><b>sqlite_compileoption_used(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The sqlite_compileoption_used() SQL function is a wrapper around the
<a href="c3ref/compileoption_get.html">sqlite3_compileoption_used()</a> C/C++ function.
When the argument X to sqlite_compileoption_used(X) is a string which
is the name of a compile-time option, this routine returns true (1) or
false (0) depending on whether or not that option was used during the
build.
</dd>
<a name="sqlite_source_id"></a>
<dt><p><b>sqlite_source_id()</b></dt><dd><p>
The sqlite_source_id() function returns a string that identifies the
specific version of the source code that was used to build the SQLite
library. The string returned by sqlite_source_id() is
the date and time that the source code was checked in followed by
the SHA1 hash for that check-in. This function is
an SQL wrapper around the <a href="c3ref/libversion.html">sqlite3_sourceid()</a> C interface.
</dd>
<a name="sqlite_version"></a>
<dt><p><b>sqlite_version()</b></dt><dd><p>
The sqlite_version() function returns the version string for the SQLite
library that is running. This function is an SQL
wrapper around the <a href="c3ref/libversion.html">sqlite3_libversion()</a> C-interface.
</dd>
<a name="substr"></a>
<dt><p><b>substr(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>,<i>Z</i>)<br />substr(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The substr(X,Y,Z) function returns a substring of input string X that begins
with the Y-th character and which is Z characters long.
If Z is omitted then substr(X,Y) returns all characters through the end
of the string X beginning with the Y-th.
The left-most character of X is number 1. If Y is negative
then the first character of the substring is found by counting from the
right rather than the left. If Z is negative then
the abs(Z) characters preceding the Y-th character are returned.
If X is a string then characters indices refer to actual UTF-8
characters. If X is a BLOB then the indices refer to bytes.
</dd>
<a name="total_changes"></a>
<dt><p><b>total_changes()</b></dt><dd><p>
The total_changes() function returns the number of row changes
caused by INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
statements since the current database connection was opened.
This function is a wrapper around the <a href="c3ref/total_changes.html">sqlite3_total_changes()</a>
C/C++ interface.
</dd>
<a name="trim"></a>
<dt><p><b>trim(<i>X</i>)<br />trim(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The trim(X,Y) function returns a string formed by removing any and all
characters that appear in Y from both ends of X.
If the Y argument is omitted, trim(X) removes spaces from both ends of X.
</dd>
<a name="typeof"></a>
<dt><p><b>typeof(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The typeof(X) function returns a string that indicates the <a href="datatype3.html">datatype</a> of
the expression X: "null", "integer", "real", "text", or "blob".
</dd>
<a name="unicode"></a>
<dt><p><b>unicode(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The unicode(X) function returns the numeric unicode code point corresponding to
the first character of the string X. If the argument to unicode(X) is not a string
then the result is undefined.
</dd>
<a name="unlikely"></a>
<dt><p><b>unlikely(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The unlikely(X) function returns the argument X unchanged.
The unlikely(X) function is a no-op that the code generator
optimizes away so that it consumes no CPU cycles at
run-time (that is, during calls to <a href="c3ref/step.html">sqlite3_step()</a>).
The purpose of the unlikely(X) function is to provide a hint
to the query planner that the argument X is a boolean value
that is usually not true. The unlikely(X) function is equivalent
to <a href="lang_corefunc.html#likelihood">likelihood</a>(X, 0.0625).
</dd>
<a name="upper"></a>
<dt><p><b>upper(<i>X</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The upper(X) function returns a copy of input string X in which all
lower-case ASCII characters are converted to their upper-case equivalent.
</dd>
<a name="zeroblob"></a>
<dt><p><b>zeroblob(<i>N</i>)</b></dt><dd><p>
The zeroblob(N) function returns a BLOB consisting of N bytes of 0x00.
SQLite manages these zeroblobs very efficiently. Zeroblobs can be used to
reserve space for a BLOB that is later written using
<a href="c3ref/blob_open.html">incremental BLOB I/O</a>.
This SQL function is implemented using the <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_zeroblob()</a>
routine from the C/C++ interface.
</dd>
</dl>
|
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_createindex.html.
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>CREATE INDEX</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/create-index-stmt.html">create-index-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x825' onclick='hideorshow("x825","x826")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x826' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram create-index-stmt" src="images/syntax/create-index-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x827' onclick='hideorshow("x827","x828")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x828' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x829' onclick='hideorshow("x829","x830")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x830' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x831' onclick='hideorshow("x831","x832")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x832' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x833' onclick='hideorshow("x833","x834")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x834' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x835' onclick='hideorshow("x835","x836")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x836' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x837' onclick='hideorshow("x837","x838")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x838' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x839' onclick='hideorshow("x839","x840")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x840' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x841' onclick='hideorshow("x841","x842")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x842' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x843' onclick='hideorshow("x843","x844")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x844' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x845' onclick='hideorshow("x845","x846")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x846' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x847' onclick='hideorshow("x847","x848")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x848' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x849' onclick='hideorshow("x849","x850")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x850' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x851' onclick='hideorshow("x851","x852")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x852' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x853' onclick='hideorshow("x853","x854")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x854' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/indexed-column.html">indexed-column:</a></b>
<button id='x855' onclick='hideorshow("x855","x856")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x856' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram indexed-column" src="images/syntax/indexed-column.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p>The CREATE INDEX command consists of the keywords "CREATE INDEX" followed
by the name of the new index, the keyword "ON", the name of a previously
created table that is to be indexed, and a parenthesized list of table column
names and/or expressions that are used for the index key.
If the optional WHERE clause is included, then the index is a "<a href="partialindex.html">partial index</a>".
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_createtable.html.
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>CREATE TABLE</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/create-table-stmt.html">create-table-stmt:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram create-table-stmt" src="images/syntax/create-table-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/column-def.html">column-def:</a></b>
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<div id='x860' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/column-constraint.html">column-constraint:</a></b>
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<div id='x862' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram column-constraint" src="images/syntax/column-constraint.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/conflict-clause.html">conflict-clause:</a></b>
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<div id='x864' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram conflict-clause" src="images/syntax/conflict-clause.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/foreign-key-clause.html">foreign-key-clause:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x873' onclick='hideorshow("x873","x874")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x874' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x875' onclick='hideorshow("x875","x876")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x876' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div id='x878' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x879' onclick='hideorshow("x879","x880")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x880' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x881' onclick='hideorshow("x881","x882")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x882' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
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</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
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<div id='x890' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
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<div id='x892' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
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<div id='x898' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x899' onclick='hideorshow("x899","x900")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x900' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x901' onclick='hideorshow("x901","x902")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x902' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x903' onclick='hideorshow("x903","x904")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x904' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x905' onclick='hideorshow("x905","x906")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x906' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-constraint.html">table-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x907' onclick='hideorshow("x907","x908")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x908' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-constraint" src="images/syntax/table-constraint.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/conflict-clause.html">conflict-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x909' onclick='hideorshow("x909","x910")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x910' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram conflict-clause" src="images/syntax/conflict-clause.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x911' onclick='hideorshow("x911","x912")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x912' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x913' onclick='hideorshow("x913","x914")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x914' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x915' onclick='hideorshow("x915","x916")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x916' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x917' onclick='hideorshow("x917","x918")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x918' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x919' onclick='hideorshow("x919","x920")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x920' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/foreign-key-clause.html">foreign-key-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x921' onclick='hideorshow("x921","x922")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x922' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram foreign-key-clause" src="images/syntax/foreign-key-clause.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/indexed-column.html">indexed-column:</a></b>
<button id='x923' onclick='hideorshow("x923","x924")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x924' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram indexed-column" src="images/syntax/indexed-column.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The "CREATE TABLE" command is used to create a new table in an SQLite
database. A CREATE TABLE command specifies the following attributes of the
new table:
<ul>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_createtrigger.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: CREATE TRIGGER</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>CREATE TRIGGER</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/create-trigger-stmt.html">create-trigger-stmt:</a></b>
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<div id='x926' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram create-trigger-stmt" src="images/syntax/create-trigger-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/delete-stmt.html">delete-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x927' onclick='hideorshow("x927","x928")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x928' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram delete-stmt" src="images/syntax/delete-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/qualified-table-name.html">qualified-table-name:</a></b>
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<div id='x930' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram qualified-table-name" src="images/syntax/qualified-table-name.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/with-clause.html">with-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x931' onclick='hideorshow("x931","x932")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x932' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram with-clause" src="images/syntax/with-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/cte-table-name.html">cte-table-name:</a></b>
<button id='x933' onclick='hideorshow("x933","x934")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x934' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram cte-table-name" src="images/syntax/cte-table-name.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
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<div id='x938' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
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<div id='x942' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
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<div id='x944' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/insert-stmt.html">insert-stmt:</a></b>
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<div id='x946' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram insert-stmt" src="images/syntax/insert-stmt.gif" />
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<div id='x948' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram with-clause" src="images/syntax/with-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/cte-table-name.html">cte-table-name:</a></b>
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<div id='x950' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram cte-table-name" src="images/syntax/cte-table-name.gif" />
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</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
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<div id='x952' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
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<div id='x956' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
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<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
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<div id='x960' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x965' onclick='hideorshow("x965","x966")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x966' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x967' onclick='hideorshow("x967","x968")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x968' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/update-stmt.html">update-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x969' onclick='hideorshow("x969","x970")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x970' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram update-stmt" src="images/syntax/update-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/qualified-table-name.html">qualified-table-name:</a></b>
<button id='x971' onclick='hideorshow("x971","x972")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x972' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram qualified-table-name" src="images/syntax/qualified-table-name.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/with-clause.html">with-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x973' onclick='hideorshow("x973","x974")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x974' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram with-clause" src="images/syntax/with-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/cte-table-name.html">cte-table-name:</a></b>
<button id='x975' onclick='hideorshow("x975","x976")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x976' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram cte-table-name" src="images/syntax/cte-table-name.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The CREATE TRIGGER statement is used to add triggers to the
database schema. Triggers are database operations
that are automatically performed when a specified database event
occurs. </p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
466 467 468 469 470 471 472 | <a name="raise"></a> <h3>The RAISE() function</h3> <p>A special SQL function RAISE() may be used within a trigger-program, with the following syntax</p> | | | | 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 | <a name="raise"></a> <h3>The RAISE() function</h3> <p>A special SQL function RAISE() may be used within a trigger-program, with the following syntax</p> <p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'> <img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif"></img> </div> <p>When one of RAISE(ROLLBACK,...), RAISE(ABORT,...) or RAISE(FAIL,...) is called during trigger-program execution, the specified <a href="lang_conflict.html">ON CONFLICT</a> processing is performed the current query terminates. An error code of <a href="rescode.html#constraint">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT</a> is returned to the application, |
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_createview.html.
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>CREATE VIEW</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/create-view-stmt.html">create-view-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x977' onclick='hideorshow("x977","x978")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x978' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram create-view-stmt" src="images/syntax/create-view-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x979' onclick='hideorshow("x979","x980")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x980' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x981' onclick='hideorshow("x981","x982")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x982' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x983' onclick='hideorshow("x983","x984")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x984' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x985' onclick='hideorshow("x985","x986")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x986' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x987' onclick='hideorshow("x987","x988")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x988' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x989' onclick='hideorshow("x989","x990")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x990' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x991' onclick='hideorshow("x991","x992")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x992' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x993' onclick='hideorshow("x993","x994")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x994' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x995' onclick='hideorshow("x995","x996")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x996' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x997' onclick='hideorshow("x997","x998")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x998' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x999' onclick='hideorshow("x999","x1000")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1000' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1001' onclick='hideorshow("x1001","x1002")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1002' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1003' onclick='hideorshow("x1003","x1004")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1004' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
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<div id='x1006' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
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<p>The CREATE VIEW command assigns a name to a pre-packaged
<a href="lang_select.html">SELECT</a> statement.
Once the view is created, it can be used in the FROM clause
of another <a href="lang_select.html">SELECT</a> in place of a table name.
</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_createvtab.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/create-virtual-table-stmt.html">create-virtual-table-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1007' onclick='hideorshow("x1007","x1008")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1008' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram create-virtual-table-stmt" src="images/syntax/create-virtual-table-stmt.gif" />
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<p>A <a href="vtab.html">virtual table</a> is an interface to an external storage or computation
engine that appears to be a table but does not actually store information
in the database file.</p>
<p>In general, you can do anything with a <a href="vtab.html">virtual table</a> that can be done
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_datefunc.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: Date And Time Functions</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>Date And Time Functions</h2></div>
<p>
SQLite supports five date and time functions as follows:
</p>
<p>
<ol>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_delete.html.
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>DELETE</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/delete-stmt.html">delete-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1009' onclick='hideorshow("x1009","x1010")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1010' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram delete-stmt" src="images/syntax/delete-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x1011' onclick='hideorshow("x1011","x1012")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1012' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x1013' onclick='hideorshow("x1013","x1014")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1014' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x1015' onclick='hideorshow("x1015","x1016")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1016' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1017' onclick='hideorshow("x1017","x1018")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1018' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x1019' onclick='hideorshow("x1019","x1020")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1020' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1021' onclick='hideorshow("x1021","x1022")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1022' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1023' onclick='hideorshow("x1023","x1024")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1024' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1025' onclick='hideorshow("x1025","x1026")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1026' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1027' onclick='hideorshow("x1027","x1028")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1028' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1029' onclick='hideorshow("x1029","x1030")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1030' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1031' onclick='hideorshow("x1031","x1032")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1032' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1033' onclick='hideorshow("x1033","x1034")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1034' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1035' onclick='hideorshow("x1035","x1036")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1036' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x1037' onclick='hideorshow("x1037","x1038")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1038' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/qualified-table-name.html">qualified-table-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1039' onclick='hideorshow("x1039","x1040")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1040' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram qualified-table-name" src="images/syntax/qualified-table-name.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/with-clause.html">with-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1041' onclick='hideorshow("x1041","x1042")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1042' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram with-clause" src="images/syntax/with-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/cte-table-name.html">cte-table-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1043' onclick='hideorshow("x1043","x1044")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1044' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram cte-table-name" src="images/syntax/cte-table-name.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1045' onclick='hideorshow("x1045","x1046")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1046' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x1047' onclick='hideorshow("x1047","x1048")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1048' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1049' onclick='hideorshow("x1049","x1050")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1050' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1051' onclick='hideorshow("x1051","x1052")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1052' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1053' onclick='hideorshow("x1053","x1054")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1054' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1055' onclick='hideorshow("x1055","x1056")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1056' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1057' onclick='hideorshow("x1057","x1058")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1058' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1059' onclick='hideorshow("x1059","x1060")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1060' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1061' onclick='hideorshow("x1061","x1062")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1062' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The DELETE command removes records from the table identified by the
<a href="syntax/qualified-table-name.html">qualified-table-name</a>.
<p>If the WHERE clause is not present, all records in the table are deleted.
If a WHERE clause is supplied, then only those rows for which the
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
308 309 310 311 312 313 314 | <h3>Optional LIMIT and ORDER BY clauses</h3> <p>If SQLite is compiled with the <a href="compile.html#enable_update_delete_limit">SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT</a> compile-time option, then the syntax of the DELETE statement is extended by the addition of optional ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses:</p> | | | | 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 | <h3>Optional LIMIT and ORDER BY clauses</h3> <p>If SQLite is compiled with the <a href="compile.html#enable_update_delete_limit">SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT</a> compile-time option, then the syntax of the DELETE statement is extended by the addition of optional ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses:</p> <p><b><a href="syntax/delete-stmt-limited.html">delete-stmt-limited:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'> <img alt="syntax diagram delete-stmt-limited" src="images/syntax/delete-stmt-limited.gif"></img> </div> <p>If a DELETE statement has a LIMIT clause, the maximum number of rows that will be deleted is found by evaluating the accompanying expression and casting it to an integer value. If the result of the evaluating the LIMIT clause cannot be losslessly converted to an integer value, it is an error. A negative LIMIT value is interpreted as "no limit". If the DELETE statement |
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_detach.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: DETACH DATABASE</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 |
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<script>
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if( w.style.display=="block" ){
w.style.display = "none";
}else{
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window.onbeforeunload = function(e){div_off("submenu");}
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var x = document.getElementById(obj);
var b = document.getElementById(btn);
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>DETACH DATABASE</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/detach-stmt.html">detach-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1063' onclick='hideorshow("x1063","x1064")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1064' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram detach-stmt" src="images/syntax/detach-stmt.gif" />
</div>
<p>This statement detaches an additional database connection previously
attached using the <a href="lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a> statement.
When not in <a href="sharedcache.html">shared cache mode</a>,
it is possible to have the same database file attached multiple times using
different names, and detaching one connection to a file will leave the
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_dropindex.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: DROP INDEX</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>DROP INDEX</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/drop-index-stmt.html">drop-index-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1065' onclick='hideorshow("x1065","x1066")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1066' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram drop-index-stmt" src="images/syntax/drop-index-stmt.gif" />
</div>
<p>The DROP INDEX statement removes an index added
with the <a href="lang_createindex.html">CREATE INDEX</a> statement. The index is completely removed from
the disk. The only way to recover the index is to reenter the
appropriate <a href="lang_createindex.html">CREATE INDEX</a> command.</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_droptable.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: DROP TABLE</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 |
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</head>
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<a href="index.html">
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>DROP TABLE</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/drop-table-stmt.html">drop-table-stmt:</a></b>
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<p>The DROP TABLE statement removes a table added with the
<a href="lang_createtable.html">CREATE TABLE</a> statement. The name specified is the
table name. The dropped table is completely removed from the database
schema and the disk file. The table can not be recovered.
All indices and triggers
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_droptrigger.html.
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>DROP TRIGGER</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/drop-trigger-stmt.html">drop-trigger-stmt:</a></b>
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<p>The DROP TRIGGER statement removes a trigger created by the
<a href="lang_createtrigger.html">CREATE TRIGGER</a> statement. Once removed, the trigger definition is no
longer present in the sqlite_master (or sqlite_temp_master) table and is
not fired by any subsequent INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statements.
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>DROP VIEW</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/drop-view-stmt.html">drop-view-stmt:</a></b>
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<p>The DROP VIEW statement removes a view created by the <a href="lang_createview.html">CREATE VIEW</a>
statement. The view definition is removed from the database schema, but
no actual data in the underlying base tables is modified.
<p>The view to drop is identified by the view-name and optional
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>EXPLAIN</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/sql-stmt.html">sql-stmt:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram sql-stmt" src="images/syntax/sql-stmt.gif"></img>
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<p>An SQL statement can be preceded by the keyword "EXPLAIN" or
by the phrase "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN". Either modification causes the
SQL statement to behave as a query and to return information about
how the SQL statement would have operated if the EXPLAIN keyword or
phrase had been omitted.</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_expr.html.
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>expression</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
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<button id='x1085' onclick='hideorshow("x1085","x1086")'>show</button></p>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
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<div id='x1092' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
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<div id='x1098' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x1099' onclick='hideorshow("x1099","x1100")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1100' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This section is different from the others. Most other sections of
this document talks about a particular SQL command. This section does
not talk about a standalone command but about "expressions" which are
subcomponents of most other commands.</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
283 284 285 286 287 288 289 | A literal value represents a constant. Literal values may be integers, floating point numbers, strings, BLOBs, or NULLs. <p> The syntax for integer and floating point literals (collectively "numeric literals") is shown by the following diagram:</p> | | | | 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 | A literal value represents a constant. Literal values may be integers, floating point numbers, strings, BLOBs, or NULLs. <p> The syntax for integer and floating point literals (collectively "numeric literals") is shown by the following diagram:</p> <p><b><a href="syntax/numeric-literal.html">numeric-literal:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'> <img alt="syntax diagram numeric-literal" src="images/syntax/numeric-literal.gif"></img> </div> <p> If a numeric literal has a decimal point or an exponentiation clause or if its magnitude is less than -9223372036854775808 or greater than 9223372036854775807, then it is a floating point literal. Otherwise is it is an integer literal. |
| ︙ | ︙ |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>INDEXED BY</h2></div>
<p>The INDEXED BY phrase forces the <a href="optoverview.html">SQLite query planner</a> to use a
particular named index on a <a href="lang_delete.html">DELETE</a>, <a href="lang_select.html">SELECT</a>, or <a href="lang_update.html">UPDATE</a> statement.
The INDEXED BY phrase is an SQLite extension and
is not portable to other SQL database engines.</p>
<p><b><a href="syntax/qualified-table-name.html">qualified-table-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1435' onclick='hideorshow("x1435","x1436")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1436' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram qualified-table-name" src="images/syntax/qualified-table-name.gif" />
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<p>The "INDEXED BY <span class='yyterm'>index-name</span>" phrase specifies
that the named index
must be used in order to look up values on the preceding table.
If <span class='yyterm'>index-name</span> does not exist or cannot be used
for the query, then the preparation of the SQL statement fails.
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>INSERT</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/insert-stmt.html">insert-stmt:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
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<p>The INSERT statement comes in three basic forms.
<ul>
<li><p>The first form (with the "VALUES" keyword) creates one or more
new rows in
an existing table. If the <span class='yyterm'>column-name</span> list after
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_keywords.html.
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>SQLite Keywords</h2></div></DIV>
<p>The SQL standard specifies a huge number of keywords which may not
be used as the names of tables, indices, columns, databases, user-defined
functions, collations, virtual table modules, or any other named object.
The list of keywords is so long that few people can remember them all.
For most SQL code, your safest bet is to never use any English language
word as the name of a user-defined object.</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 | but some keywords may be omitted when SQL language features are disabled. Regardless of the compile-time configuration, any identifier that is not on the following 124 element list is not a keyword to the SQL parser in SQLite: </p> <blockquote> <table width="100%"><tr> <td align="left" valign="top" width="20%"> | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 |
but some keywords may be omitted when SQL language features are
disabled.
Regardless of the compile-time configuration, any identifier that is not on
the following 124 element
list is not a keyword to the SQL parser in SQLite:
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>Database Object Name Resolution</h2></div>
<p>
In SQLite, a database object (a table, index, trigger or view) is identified
by the name of the object and the name of the database that it resides in.
Database objects may reside in the main database, the temp database, or in
an <a href="lang_attach.html">attached database</a>.
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_reindex.html.
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>REINDEX</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/reindex-stmt.html">reindex-stmt:</a></b>
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<p>The REINDEX command is used to delete and recreate indices from scratch.
This is useful when the definition of a collation sequence has changed.
</p>
<p>If the REINDEX keyword is not followed by a collation-sequence or database
|
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>REPLACE</h2></div>
<p>The REPLACE command is an alias for the "<a href="lang_conflict.html">INSERT OR REPLACE</a>"
variant of the <a href="lang_insert.html">INSERT</a> command.
This alias is provided for compatibility other SQL database engines. See the
<a href="lang_insert.html">INSERT</a> command documentation for additional information.</p>
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>SAVEPOINT</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/savepoint-stmt.html">savepoint-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x817' onclick='hideorshow("x817","x818")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x818' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram savepoint-stmt" src="images/syntax/savepoint-stmt.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/release-stmt.html">release-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x819' onclick='hideorshow("x819","x820")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x820' class='imgcontainer'>
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<p> SAVEPOINTs are a method of creating transactions, similar to
<a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> and <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a>, except that the SAVEPOINT and RELEASE commands
are named and may be nested.</p>
<p> The SAVEPOINT command starts a new transaction with a name.
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_select.html.
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>SELECT</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1175' onclick='hideorshow("x1175","x1176")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1176' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x1177' onclick='hideorshow("x1177","x1178")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1178' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1179' onclick='hideorshow("x1179","x1180")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1180' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x1181' onclick='hideorshow("x1181","x1182")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1182' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x1183' onclick='hideorshow("x1183","x1184")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1184' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x1185' onclick='hideorshow("x1185","x1186")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1186' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1187' onclick='hideorshow("x1187","x1188")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1188' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x1189' onclick='hideorshow("x1189","x1190")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1190' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1191' onclick='hideorshow("x1191","x1192")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1192' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1193' onclick='hideorshow("x1193","x1194")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1194' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1195' onclick='hideorshow("x1195","x1196")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1196' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1197' onclick='hideorshow("x1197","x1198")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1198' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1199' onclick='hideorshow("x1199","x1200")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1200' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1201' onclick='hideorshow("x1201","x1202")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1202' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p>The SELECT statement is used to query the database. The
result of a SELECT is zero or more rows of data where each row
has a fixed number of columns. A SELECT statement does not make
any changes to the database.
<p>The "<a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt</a>" syntax diagram above attempts to show as much of the
SELECT statement syntax as possible in a single diagram, because some readers
find that helpful. The following "<a href="syntax/factored-select-stmt.html">factored-select-stmt</a>" is an alternative
syntax diagrams that expresses the same syntax but tries to break the syntax
down into smaller chunks.
<p><b><a href="syntax/factored-select-stmt.html">factored-select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1203' onclick='hideorshow("x1203","x1204")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1204' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram factored-select-stmt" src="images/syntax/factored-select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x1205' onclick='hideorshow("x1205","x1206")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1206' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1207' onclick='hideorshow("x1207","x1208")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1208' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1209' onclick='hideorshow("x1209","x1210")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1210' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1211' onclick='hideorshow("x1211","x1212")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1212' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1213' onclick='hideorshow("x1213","x1214")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1214' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1215' onclick='hideorshow("x1215","x1216")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1216' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1217' onclick='hideorshow("x1217","x1218")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1218' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1219' onclick='hideorshow("x1219","x1220")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1220' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x1221' onclick='hideorshow("x1221","x1222")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1222' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x1223' onclick='hideorshow("x1223","x1224")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1224' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x1225' onclick='hideorshow("x1225","x1226")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1226' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1227' onclick='hideorshow("x1227","x1228")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1228' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1229' onclick='hideorshow("x1229","x1230")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1230' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1231' onclick='hideorshow("x1231","x1232")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1232' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1233' onclick='hideorshow("x1233","x1234")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1234' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1235' onclick='hideorshow("x1235","x1236")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1236' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1237' onclick='hideorshow("x1237","x1238")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1238' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1239' onclick='hideorshow("x1239","x1240")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1240' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x1241' onclick='hideorshow("x1241","x1242")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1242' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1243' onclick='hideorshow("x1243","x1244")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1244' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-core.html">select-core:</a></b>
<button id='x1245' onclick='hideorshow("x1245","x1246")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1246' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-core" src="images/syntax/select-core.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1247' onclick='hideorshow("x1247","x1248")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1248' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1249' onclick='hideorshow("x1249","x1250")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1250' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1251' onclick='hideorshow("x1251","x1252")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1252' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1253' onclick='hideorshow("x1253","x1254")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1254' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1255' onclick='hideorshow("x1255","x1256")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1256' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1257' onclick='hideorshow("x1257","x1258")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1258' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Note that there are paths through the syntax diagrams that
are not allowed in practice. Some examples:
<ul>
<li>A <a href="lang_select.html#values">VALUES</a> clause can be the first element in a <a href="lang_select.html#compound">compound SELECT</a>
that uses a <a href="lang_with.html">WITH</a> clause, but a <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">simple SELECT</a> that consists of
|
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385 386 387 388 389 390 391 |
<p>The core of a SELECT statement is a "simple SELECT" shown by the
<a href="syntax/select-core.html">select-core</a> and <a href="syntax/simple-select-stmt.html">simple-select-stmt</a> syntax diagrams below.
In practice, most SELECT statements are simple SELECT statements.
<p><b><a href="syntax/simple-select-stmt.html">simple-select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1259' onclick='hideorshow("x1259","x1260")'>hide</button></p>
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 |
<p>The core of a SELECT statement is a "simple SELECT" shown by the
<a href="syntax/select-core.html">select-core</a> and <a href="syntax/simple-select-stmt.html">simple-select-stmt</a> syntax diagrams below.
In practice, most SELECT statements are simple SELECT statements.
<p><b><a href="syntax/simple-select-stmt.html">simple-select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1259' onclick='hideorshow("x1259","x1260")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1260' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram simple-select-stmt" src="images/syntax/simple-select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x1261' onclick='hideorshow("x1261","x1262")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1262' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1263' onclick='hideorshow("x1263","x1264")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1264' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1265' onclick='hideorshow("x1265","x1266")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1266' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1267' onclick='hideorshow("x1267","x1268")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1268' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1269' onclick='hideorshow("x1269","x1270")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1270' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1271' onclick='hideorshow("x1271","x1272")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1272' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1273' onclick='hideorshow("x1273","x1274")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1274' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1275' onclick='hideorshow("x1275","x1276")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1276' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x1277' onclick='hideorshow("x1277","x1278")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1278' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x1279' onclick='hideorshow("x1279","x1280")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1280' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x1281' onclick='hideorshow("x1281","x1282")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1282' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1283' onclick='hideorshow("x1283","x1284")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1284' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1285' onclick='hideorshow("x1285","x1286")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1286' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1287' onclick='hideorshow("x1287","x1288")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1288' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1289' onclick='hideorshow("x1289","x1290")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1290' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1291' onclick='hideorshow("x1291","x1292")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1292' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1293' onclick='hideorshow("x1293","x1294")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1294' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1295' onclick='hideorshow("x1295","x1296")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1296' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1297' onclick='hideorshow("x1297","x1298")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1298' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x1299' onclick='hideorshow("x1299","x1300")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1300' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1301' onclick='hideorshow("x1301","x1302")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1302' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-core.html">select-core:</a></b>
<button id='x1303' onclick='hideorshow("x1303","x1304")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1304' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-core" src="images/syntax/select-core.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1305' onclick='hideorshow("x1305","x1306")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1306' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1307' onclick='hideorshow("x1307","x1308")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1308' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1309' onclick='hideorshow("x1309","x1310")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1310' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1311' onclick='hideorshow("x1311","x1312")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1312' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1313' onclick='hideorshow("x1313","x1314")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1314' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1315' onclick='hideorshow("x1315","x1316")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1316' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1317' onclick='hideorshow("x1317","x1318")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1318' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Generating the results of a simple SELECT
statement is presented as a four step process in the description below:
<ol>
<li> <p><a href="lang_select.html#fromclause">FROM clause</a> processing: The input data for the simple SELECT is
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
805 806 807 808 809 810 811 |
<p>Two or more <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">simple SELECT</a> statements may be connected together to form
a compound SELECT using the UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT or EXCEPT operator,
as shown by the following diagram:
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-select-stmt.html">compound-select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1319' onclick='hideorshow("x1319","x1320")'>hide</button></p>
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 |
<p>Two or more <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">simple SELECT</a> statements may be connected together to form
a compound SELECT using the UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT or EXCEPT operator,
as shown by the following diagram:
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-select-stmt.html">compound-select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1319' onclick='hideorshow("x1319","x1320")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1320' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-select-stmt" src="images/syntax/compound-select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x1321' onclick='hideorshow("x1321","x1322")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1322' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1323' onclick='hideorshow("x1323","x1324")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1324' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1325' onclick='hideorshow("x1325","x1326")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1326' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1327' onclick='hideorshow("x1327","x1328")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1328' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1329' onclick='hideorshow("x1329","x1330")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1330' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1331' onclick='hideorshow("x1331","x1332")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1332' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1333' onclick='hideorshow("x1333","x1334")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1334' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1335' onclick='hideorshow("x1335","x1336")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1336' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x1337' onclick='hideorshow("x1337","x1338")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1338' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x1339' onclick='hideorshow("x1339","x1340")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1340' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x1341' onclick='hideorshow("x1341","x1342")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1342' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1343' onclick='hideorshow("x1343","x1344")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1344' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1345' onclick='hideorshow("x1345","x1346")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1346' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1347' onclick='hideorshow("x1347","x1348")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1348' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1349' onclick='hideorshow("x1349","x1350")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1350' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1351' onclick='hideorshow("x1351","x1352")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1352' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1353' onclick='hideorshow("x1353","x1354")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1354' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1355' onclick='hideorshow("x1355","x1356")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1356' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1357' onclick='hideorshow("x1357","x1358")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1358' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x1359' onclick='hideorshow("x1359","x1360")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1360' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1361' onclick='hideorshow("x1361","x1362")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1362' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-core.html">select-core:</a></b>
<button id='x1363' onclick='hideorshow("x1363","x1364")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1364' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-core" src="images/syntax/select-core.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1365' onclick='hideorshow("x1365","x1366")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1366' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1367' onclick='hideorshow("x1367","x1368")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1368' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1369' onclick='hideorshow("x1369","x1370")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1370' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1371' onclick='hideorshow("x1371","x1372")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1372' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1373' onclick='hideorshow("x1373","x1374")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1374' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1375' onclick='hideorshow("x1375","x1376")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1376' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1377' onclick='hideorshow("x1377","x1378")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1378' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>In a compound SELECT, all the constituent SELECTs must return the same
number of result columns. As the components of a compound SELECT must
be simple SELECT statements, they may not contain <a href="lang_select.html#orderby">ORDER BY</a> or <a href="lang_select.html#limitoffset">LIMIT</a> clauses.
<a href="lang_select.html#orderby">ORDER BY</a> and <a href="lang_select.html#limitoffset">LIMIT</a> clauses may only occur at the end of the entire compound
SELECT, and then only if the final element of the compound is not a <a href="lang_select.html#values">VALUES</a> clause.
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_transaction.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: BEGIN TRANSACTION</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>BEGIN TRANSACTION</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/begin-stmt.html">begin-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x811' onclick='hideorshow("x811","x812")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x812' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram begin-stmt" src="images/syntax/begin-stmt.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/commit-stmt.html">commit-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x813' onclick='hideorshow("x813","x814")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x814' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram commit-stmt" src="images/syntax/commit-stmt.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/rollback-stmt.html">rollback-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x815' onclick='hideorshow("x815","x816")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x816' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram rollback-stmt" src="images/syntax/rollback-stmt.gif" />
</div>
<p>
No changes can be made to the database except within a transaction.
Any command that changes the database (basically, any SQL command
other than <a href="lang_select.html">SELECT</a>) will automatically start a transaction if
one is not already in effect. Automatically started transactions
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_update.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: UPDATE</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>UPDATE</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/update-stmt.html">update-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1379' onclick='hideorshow("x1379","x1380")'>hide</button></p>
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<img alt="syntax diagram update-stmt" src="images/syntax/update-stmt.gif" />
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<button id='x1381' onclick='hideorshow("x1381","x1382")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1382' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
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<div id='x1384' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x1385' onclick='hideorshow("x1385","x1386")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1386' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1387' onclick='hideorshow("x1387","x1388")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1388' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
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<div id='x1390' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1391' onclick='hideorshow("x1391","x1392")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1392' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1393' onclick='hideorshow("x1393","x1394")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1394' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
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<div id='x1396' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
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<div id='x1398' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
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<div id='x1402' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1403' onclick='hideorshow("x1403","x1404")'>show</button></p>
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<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/cte-table-name.html">cte-table-name:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram cte-table-name" src="images/syntax/cte-table-name.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
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<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
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<div id='x1430' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1431' onclick='hideorshow("x1431","x1432")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1432' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>An UPDATE statement is used to modify a subset of the values stored in
zero or more rows of the database table identified by the
<a href="syntax/qualified-table-name.html">qualified-table-name</a> specified as part of the UPDATE statement.
<p>If the UPDATE statement does not have a WHERE clause, all rows in the
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328 329 330 331 332 333 334 | <h3>Optional LIMIT and ORDER BY Clauses</h3> <p>If SQLite is built with the <a href="compile.html#enable_update_delete_limit">SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT</a> compile-time option then the syntax of the UPDATE statement is extended with optional ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses as follows:</p> | | | | 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 | <h3>Optional LIMIT and ORDER BY Clauses</h3> <p>If SQLite is built with the <a href="compile.html#enable_update_delete_limit">SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT</a> compile-time option then the syntax of the UPDATE statement is extended with optional ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses as follows:</p> <p><b><a href="syntax/update-stmt-limited.html">update-stmt-limited:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'> <img alt="syntax diagram update-stmt-limited" src="images/syntax/update-stmt-limited.gif"></img> </div> <p>If an UPDATE statement has a LIMIT clause, the maximum number of rows that will be updated is found by evaluating the accompanying expression and casting it to an integer value. A negative value is interpreted as "no limit". <p>If the LIMIT expression evaluates to non-negative value <i>N</i> and the |
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_vacuum.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: VACUUM</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>VACUUM</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/vacuum-stmt.html">vacuum-stmt:</a></b>
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<p>
The VACUUM command rebuilds the entire database. There are several
reasons an application might do this:
<ul>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/lang_with.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Query Language: WITH clause</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 |
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<div class=nosearch><h1 align="center">SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1><p><a href="lang.html">[Top]</a></p><h2>WITH clause</h2></div><p><b><a href="syntax/with-clause.html">with-clause:</a></b>
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</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1143' onclick='hideorshow("x1143","x1144")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1144' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-stmt" src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
<button id='x1145' onclick='hideorshow("x1145","x1146")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1146' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram common-table-expression" src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1147' onclick='hideorshow("x1147","x1148")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1148' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram compound-operator" src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
<button id='x1149' onclick='hideorshow("x1149","x1150")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1150' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram expr" src="images/syntax/expr.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
<button id='x1151' onclick='hideorshow("x1151","x1152")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1152' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram literal-value" src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
<button id='x1153' onclick='hideorshow("x1153","x1154")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1154' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram raise-function" src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1155' onclick='hideorshow("x1155","x1156")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1156' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram type-name" src="images/syntax/type-name.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x1157' onclick='hideorshow("x1157","x1158")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1158' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
<button id='x1159' onclick='hideorshow("x1159","x1160")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1160' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-clause" src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
<button id='x1161' onclick='hideorshow("x1161","x1162")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1162' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-constraint" src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
<button id='x1163' onclick='hideorshow("x1163","x1164")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1164' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram join-operator" src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
<button id='x1165' onclick='hideorshow("x1165","x1166")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1166' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
<button id='x1167' onclick='hideorshow("x1167","x1168")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1168' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="images/syntax/result-column.gif" />
</div>
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
<button id='x1169' onclick='hideorshow("x1169","x1170")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1170' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram table-or-subquery" src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Common Table Expressions or CTEs act like temporary <a href="lang_createview.html">views</a> that exist
only for the duration of a single SQL statement. There are two kinds of
common table expressions: "ordinary" and "recursive". Ordinary
common table expressions are helpful for making
queries easier to understand by factoring
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
266 267 268 269 270 271 272 |
</ol>
<p>To put it another way, a recursive common table expression must
look like the following:
<p><b><a href="syntax/recursive-cte.html">recursive-cte:</a></b>
<button id='x1171' onclick='hideorshow("x1171","x1172")'>hide</button></p>
| | | | | | 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 |
</ol>
<p>To put it another way, a recursive common table expression must
look like the following:
<p><b><a href="syntax/recursive-cte.html">recursive-cte:</a></b>
<button id='x1171' onclick='hideorshow("x1171","x1172")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1172' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram recursive-cte" src="images/syntax/recursive-cte.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/cte-table-name.html">cte-table-name:</a></b>
<button id='x1173' onclick='hideorshow("x1173","x1174")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1174' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram cte-table-name" src="images/syntax/cte-table-name.gif" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Call the table named by the <a href="syntax/cte-table-name.html">cte-table-name</a> in a recursive
common table expression the "recursive table".
In the <a href="syntax/recursive-cte.html">recursive-cte</a> bubble diagram above, the recursive
table must appear exactly once in the FROM clause of the
<span class='yyterm'>recursive-select</span>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/pragma.html.
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<h1 align="center">PRAGMA Statements</h1>
<p>The PRAGMA statement is an SQL extension specific to SQLite and used to
modify the operation of the SQLite library or to query the SQLite library for
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
171 172 173 174 175 176 177 |
built-in PRAGMA statements.</p>
<hr /><a name="syntax"></a>
<h2>PRAGMA command syntax</h2>
<p><b><a href="syntax/pragma-stmt.html">pragma-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1469' onclick='hideorshow("x1469","x1470")'>hide</button></p>
| | | | | | | | 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 |
built-in PRAGMA statements.</p>
<hr /><a name="syntax"></a>
<h2>PRAGMA command syntax</h2>
<p><b><a href="syntax/pragma-stmt.html">pragma-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1469' onclick='hideorshow("x1469","x1470")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1470' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram pragma-stmt" src="images/syntax/pragma-stmt.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/pragma-value.html">pragma-value:</a></b>
<button id='x1471' onclick='hideorshow("x1471","x1472")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1472' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram pragma-value" src="images/syntax/pragma-value.gif" />
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
<button id='x1473' onclick='hideorshow("x1473","x1474")'>show</button></p>
<div id='x1474' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram signed-number" src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
A pragma can take either zero or one argument. The argument is may be either
in parentheses or it may be separated from the pragma name by an equal sign.
The two syntaxes yield identical results.
In many pragmas, the argument is a boolean. The boolean can be one of:
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
219 220 221 222 223 224 225 | "<i>schema.</i>" prefix.</p> <hr /><a name="toc"></a> <h2>List Of PRAGMAs</h2> | | | | > > | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | < | | | | | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | > > > > > > > | | | | > > | < < | | < | | > | < > | | > > > > > > | > > | | | | < < < | | | 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 |
"<i>schema.</i>" prefix.</p>
<hr /><a name="toc"></a>
<h2>List Of PRAGMAs</h2>
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{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_index_info","x":"index_info","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_index_list","x":"index_list","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_index_xinfo","x":"index_xinfo","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_integrity_check","x":"integrity_check","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_journal_mode","x":"journal_mode","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_journal_size_limit","x":"journal_size_limit","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_legacy_file_format","x":"legacy_file_format","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_locking_mode","x":"locking_mode","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_max_page_count","x":"max_page_count","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_mmap_size","x":"mmap_size","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_page_count","x":"page_count","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_page_size","x":"page_size","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_parser_trace","x":"parser_trace","s":4},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_query_only","x":"query_only","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_quick_check","x":"quick_check","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_read_uncommitted","x":"read_uncommitted","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_recursive_triggers","x":"recursive_triggers","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_reverse_unordered_selects","x":"reverse_unordered_selects","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_schema_version","x":"schema_version","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_secure_delete","x":"secure_delete","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_short_column_names","x":"short_column_names","s":3},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_shrink_memory","x":"shrink_memory","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_soft_heap_limit","x":"soft_heap_limit","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_stats","x":"stats","s":5},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_synchronous","x":"synchronous","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_table_info","x":"table_info","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_temp_store","x":"temp_store","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_temp_store_directory","x":"temp_store_directory","s":3},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_threads","x":"threads","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_schema_version","x":"user_version","s":0},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_vdbe_addoptrace","x":"vdbe_addoptrace","s":4},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_vdbe_debug","x":"vdbe_debug","s":4},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_vdbe_listing","x":"vdbe_listing","s":4},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_vdbe_trace","x":"vdbe_trace","s":4},
{"u":"pragma.html#pragma_wal_autocheckpoint","x":"wal_autocheckpoint","s":0},
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<p>Notes:
<ol>
<li>Pragmas whose names are <s>struck through</s>
are deprecated. Do not use them. They exist
for historical compatibility.
<li>These pragmas are used for debugging SQLite and
are only available when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a>.
<li>These pragmas are used for testing SQLite and are not recommended
for use in application programs.</ol></p>
<a name="pragma_application_id"></a>
<h _id=pragma_application_id style="display:none"> PRAGMA application_id</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>application_id;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>application_id = </b><i>integer </i><b>;</b>
<p> The application_id PRAGMA is used to query or set the 32-bit
unsigned big-endian "Application ID" integer located at offset
68 into the <a href="fileformat2.html#database_header">database header</a>. Applications that use SQLite as their
<a href="appfileformat.html">application file-format</a> should set the Application ID integer to
a unique integer so that utilities such as
<a href="http://www.darwinsys.com/file/">file(1)</a> can determine the specific
file type rather than just reporting "SQLite3 Database". A list of
assigned application IDs can be seen by consulting the
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=magic.txt">magic.txt</a> file in the SQLite source repository.
<a name="pragma_auto_vacuum"></a>
<h _id=pragma_auto_vacuum style="display:none"> PRAGMA auto_vacuum</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>auto_vacuum;<br>
PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>auto_vacuum = </b>
<i>0 | NONE | 1 | FULL | 2 | INCREMENTAL</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or set the auto-vacuum status in the database.</p>
<p>The default setting for auto-vacuum is 0 or "none",
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
373 374 375 376 377 378 379 |
"incremental" back to "none" always requires running <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a> even
on an empty database.
</p>
<p>When the auto_vacuum pragma is invoked with no arguments, it
returns the current auto_vacuum mode.</p>
<a name="pragma_automatic_index"></a>
| | | | | 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 |
"incremental" back to "none" always requires running <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a> even
on an empty database.
</p>
<p>When the auto_vacuum pragma is invoked with no arguments, it
returns the current auto_vacuum mode.</p>
<a name="pragma_automatic_index"></a>
<h _id=pragma_automatic_index style="display:none"> PRAGMA automatic_index</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA automatic_index;
<br>PRAGMA automatic_index = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query, set, or clear the <a href="optoverview.html#autoindex">automatic indexing</a> capability.
<p><a href="optoverview.html#autoindex">Automatic indexing</a> is enabled by default as of version 3.7.17,
but this might change in future releases of SQLite.
<a name="pragma_busy_timeout"></a>
<h _id=pragma_busy_timeout style="display:none"> PRAGMA busy_timeout</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA busy_timeout;
<br>PRAGMA busy_timeout = </b><i>milliseconds</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the setting of the
<a href="c3ref/busy_timeout.html">busy timeout</a>.
This pragma is an alternative to the <a href="c3ref/busy_timeout.html">sqlite3_busy_timeout()</a> C-language
interface which is made available as a pragma for use with language
bindings that do not provide direct access to <a href="c3ref/busy_timeout.html">sqlite3_busy_timeout()</a>.
<p>Each database connection can only have a single
<a href="c3ref/busy_handler.html">busy handler</a>. This PRAGMA sets the busy handler
for the process, possibly overwriting any previously set busy handler.
<a name="pragma_cache_size"></a>
<h _id=pragma_cache_size style="display:none"> PRAGMA cache_size</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>cache_size;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>cache_size = </b><i>pages</i><b>;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>cache_size = -</b><i>kibibytes</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the suggested maximum number of database disk pages
that SQLite will hold in memory at once per open database file. Whether
or not this suggestion is honored is at the discretion of the
<a href="c3ref/pcache_methods2.html">Application Defined Page Cache</a>.
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
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<p>When you change the cache size using the cache_size pragma, the
change only endures for the current session. The cache size reverts
to the default value when the database is closed and reopened.</p>
<a name="pragma_cache_spill"></a>
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<p>When you change the cache size using the cache_size pragma, the
change only endures for the current session. The cache size reverts
to the default value when the database is closed and reopened.</p>
<a name="pragma_cache_spill"></a>
<h _id=pragma_cache_spill style="display:none"> PRAGMA cache_spill</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA cache_spill;
<br>PRAGMA cache_spill=</b><i>boolean</i><b>;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>cache_spill=<i>N</i>;</b></p>
<p>The cache_spill pragma enables or disables the ability of the pager
to spill dirty cache pages to the database file in the middle of a
transaction. Cache_spill is enabled by default and most applications
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occur.
<p>The "PRAGMA cache_spill=<i>boolean</i>" form of this pragma applies
across all databases attached to the database connection. But the
"PRAGMA cache_spill=<i>N</i>" form of this statement only applies to
the "main" schema or whatever other schema is specified as part of the
statement.
<a name="pragma_case_sensitive_like"></a>
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occur.
<p>The "PRAGMA cache_spill=<i>boolean</i>" form of this pragma applies
across all databases attached to the database connection. But the
"PRAGMA cache_spill=<i>N</i>" form of this statement only applies to
the "main" schema or whatever other schema is specified as part of the
statement.
<a name="pragma_case_sensitive_like"></a>
<h _id=pragma_case_sensitive_like style="display:none"> PRAGMA case_sensitive_like</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA case_sensitive_like = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>The default behavior of the <a href="lang_expr.html#like">LIKE</a> operator is to ignore case
for ASCII characters. Hence, by default <b>'a' LIKE 'A'</b> is
true. The case_sensitive_like pragma installs a new application-defined
LIKE function that is either case sensitive or insensitive depending
on the value of the case_sensitive_like pragma.
When case_sensitive_like is disabled, the default LIKE behavior is
expressed. When case_sensitive_like is enabled, case becomes
significant. So, for example,
<b>'a' LIKE 'A'</b> is false but <b>'a' LIKE 'a'</b> is still true.</p>
<p>This pragma uses <a href="c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_function()</a> to overload the
LIKE and GLOB functions, which may override previous implementations
of LIKE and GLOB registered by the application. This pragma
only changes the behavior of the SQL <a href="lang_expr.html#like">LIKE</a> operator. It does not
change the behavior of the <a href="c3ref/strlike.html">sqlite3_strlike()</a> C-language interface,
which is always case insensitive.</p>
<a name="pragma_cell_size_check"></a>
<h _id=pragma_cell_size_check style="display:none"> PRAGMA cell_size_check</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA cell_size_check
<br>PRAGMA cell_size_check = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>The cell_size_check pragma enables or disables additional sanity
checking on database b-tree pages as they are initially read from disk.
With cell size checking enabled, database corruption is detected earlier
and is less likely to "spread". However, there is a small performance
hit for doing the extra checks and so cell size checking is turned off
by default.
<a name="pragma_checkpoint_fullfsync"></a>
<h _id=pragma_checkpoint_fullfsync style="display:none"> PRAGMA checkpoint_fullfsync</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA checkpoint_fullfsync
<br>PRAGMA checkpoint_fullfsync = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the fullfsync flag for <a href="wal.html#ckpt">checkpoint</a> operations.
If this flag is set, then the F_FULLFSYNC syncing method is used
during checkpoint operations on systems that support F_FULLFSYNC.
The default value of the checkpoint_fullfsync flag
is off. Only Mac OS-X supports F_FULLFSYNC.</p>
<p>If the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_fullfsync">fullfsync</a> flag is set, then the F_FULLFSYNC syncing
method is used for all sync operations and the checkpoint_fullfsync
setting is irrelevant.</p>
<a name="pragma_collation_list"></a>
<h _id=pragma_collation_list style="display:none"> PRAGMA collation_list</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA collation_list;</b></p>
<p>Return a list of the collating sequences defined for the current
database connection.</p>
<a name="pragma_compile_options"></a>
<h _id=pragma_compile_options style="display:none"> PRAGMA compile_options</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA compile_options;</b></p>
<p>This pragma returns the names of <a href="compile.html">compile-time options</a> used when
building SQLite, one option per row. The "SQLITE_" prefix is omitted
from the returned option names. See also the
<a href="c3ref/compileoption_get.html">sqlite3_compileoption_get()</a> C/C++ interface and the
<a href="lang_corefunc.html#sqlite_compileoption_get">sqlite_compileoption_get()</a> SQL functions.</p>
<a name="pragma_count_changes"></a>
<h _id=pragma_count_changes style="display:none"> PRAGMA count_changes</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA count_changes;
<br>PRAGMA count_changes = </b>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the count-changes flag. Normally, when the
count-changes flag is not set, <a href="lang_insert.html">INSERT</a>, <a href="lang_update.html">UPDATE</a> and <a href="lang_delete.html">DELETE</a> statements
return no data. When count-changes is set, each of these commands
returns a single row of data consisting of one integer value - the
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_data_store_directory"></a>
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_data_store_directory"></a>
<h _id=pragma_data_store_directory style="display:none"> PRAGMA data_store_directory</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA data_store_directory;
<br>PRAGMA data_store_directory = '</b><i>directory-name</i><b>';</b></p>
<p>Query or change the value of the <a href="c3ref/data_directory.html">sqlite3_data_directory</a> global
variable, which windows operating-system interface backends use to
determine where to store database files specified using a relative
pathname.</p>
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_data_version"></a>
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_data_version"></a>
<h _id=pragma_data_version style="display:none"> PRAGMA data_version</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>data_version;</b></p>
<p>The "PRAGMA data_version" command provides an indication that the
database file has been modified.
Interactive programs that hold database content in memory or that
display database content on-screen can use the PRAGMA data_version
command to determine if they need to flush and reload their memory
or update the screen display.</p>
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| ︙ | ︙ | |||
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database connection and so values returned by two concurrent invocations
of "PRAGMA data_version" on separate database connections are
often different even though the underlying database is identical.
It is only meaningful to compare the "PRAGMA data_version" values
returned by the same database connection at two different points in
time.
<a name="pragma_database_list"></a>
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database connection and so values returned by two concurrent invocations
of "PRAGMA data_version" on separate database connections are
often different even though the underlying database is identical.
It is only meaningful to compare the "PRAGMA data_version" values
returned by the same database connection at two different points in
time.
<a name="pragma_database_list"></a>
<h _id=pragma_database_list style="display:none"> PRAGMA database_list</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA database_list;</b></p>
<p>This pragma works like a query to return one row for each database
attached to the current database connection.
The second column is the "main" for the main database file, "temp"
for the database file used to store TEMP objects, or the name of the
ATTACHed database for other database files.
The third column is the name of the database file itself, or an empty
string if the database is not associated with a file.</p>
<a name="pragma_default_cache_size"></a>
<h _id=pragma_default_cache_size style="display:none"> PRAGMA default_cache_size</h><hr>
<b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>default_cache_size;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>default_cache_size
= </b><i>Number-of-pages</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>This pragma queries or sets the suggested maximum number of pages
of disk cache that will be allocated per open database file.
The difference between this pragma and <a href="pragma.html#pragma_cache_size">cache_size</a> is that the
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_defer_foreign_keys"></a>
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_defer_foreign_keys"></a>
<h _id=pragma_defer_foreign_keys style="display:none"> PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys
<br>PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>When the defer_foreign_keys <a href="pragma.html#syntax">PRAGMA</a> is on,
enforcement of all <a href="foreignkeys.html">foreign key constraints</a> is delayed until the
outermost transaction is committed. The defer_foreign_keys pragma
defaults to OFF so that foreign key constraints are only deferred if
they are created as "DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED". The
defer_foreign_keys pragma is automatically switched off at each
COMMIT or ROLLBACK. Hence, the defer_foreign_keys pragma must be
separately enabled for each transaction. This pragma is
only meaningful if foreign key constraints are enabled, of course.</p>
<p>The <a href="c3ref/db_status.html">sqlite3_db_status</a>(db,<a href="c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusdeferredfks">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</a>,...)
C-language interface can be used during a transaction to determine
if there are deferred and unresolved foreign key constraints.</p>
<a name="pragma_empty_result_callbacks"></a>
<h _id=pragma_empty_result_callbacks style="display:none"> PRAGMA empty_result_callbacks</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA empty_result_callbacks;
<br>PRAGMA empty_result_callbacks = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the empty-result-callbacks flag.</p>
<p>The empty-result-callbacks flag affects the <a href="c3ref/exec.html">sqlite3_exec()</a> API only.
Normally, when the empty-result-callbacks flag is cleared, the
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_encoding"></a>
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_encoding"></a>
<h _id=pragma_encoding style="display:none"> PRAGMA encoding</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA encoding;
<br>PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-8";
<br>PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-16";
<br>PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-16le";
<br>PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-16be";</b></p>
<p>In first form, if the main database has already been
created, then this pragma returns the text encoding used by the
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<p>Once an encoding has been set for a database, it cannot be changed.</p>
<p>Databases created by the <a href="lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a> command always use the same encoding
as the main database. An attempt to <a href="lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a> a database with a different
text encoding from the "main" database will fail.</p>
<a name="pragma_foreign_key_check"></a>
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<p>Once an encoding has been set for a database, it cannot be changed.</p>
<p>Databases created by the <a href="lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a> command always use the same encoding
as the main database. An attempt to <a href="lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a> a database with a different
text encoding from the "main" database will fail.</p>
<a name="pragma_foreign_key_check"></a>
<h _id=pragma_foreign_key_check style="display:none"> PRAGMA foreign_key_check</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>foreign_key_check;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>foreign_key_check(</b><i>table-name</i><b>);</b></b></p>
<p>The foreign_key_check pragma checks the database, or the table
called "<i>table-name</i>", for
<a href="foreignkeys.html">foreign key constraints</a> that are violated and returns one row of
output for each violation. There are four columns in each result row.
The first column is the name of the table that contains the REFERENCES
clause. The second column is the <a href="lang_createtable.html#rowid">rowid</a> of the row that
contains the invalid REFERENCES clause. The third column is the name
of the table that is referred to. The fourth column is the index of
the specific foreign key constraint that failed. The fourth column
in the output of the foreign_key_check pragma is the same integer as
the first column in the output of the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_foreign_key_list">foreign_key_list pragma</a>.
When a "<i>table-name</i>" is specified, the only foreign key constraints
checked are those created by REFERENCES clauses in the
CREATE TABLE statement for <i>table-name</i>.</p>
<a name="pragma_foreign_key_list"></a>
<h _id=pragma_foreign_key_list style="display:none"> PRAGMA foreign_key_list</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA foreign_key_list(</b><i>table-name</i><b>);</b></p>
<p>This pragma returns one row for each <a href="foreignkeys.html">foreign key constraint</a>
created by a REFERENCES clause in the CREATE TABLE statement of
table "<i>table-name</i>".
<a name="pragma_foreign_keys"></a>
<h _id=pragma_foreign_keys style="display:none"> PRAGMA foreign_keys</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA foreign_keys;
<br>PRAGMA foreign_keys = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query, set, or clear the enforcement of <a href="foreignkeys.html">foreign key constraints</a>.
<p>This pragma is a no-op within a transaction; foreign key constraint
enforcement may only be enabled or disabled when there is no pending
<a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> or <a href="lang_savepoint.html">SAVEPOINT</a>.
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| ︙ | ︙ | |||
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key enforcement is OFF. However, that might change in a future
release of SQLite. The default setting for foreign key enforcement
can be specified at compile-time using the <a href="compile.html#default_foreign_keys">SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS</a>
preprocessor macro. To minimize future problems, applications should
set the foreign key enforcement flag as required by the application
and not depend on the default setting.
<a name="pragma_freelist_count"></a>
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key enforcement is OFF. However, that might change in a future
release of SQLite. The default setting for foreign key enforcement
can be specified at compile-time using the <a href="compile.html#default_foreign_keys">SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS</a>
preprocessor macro. To minimize future problems, applications should
set the foreign key enforcement flag as required by the application
and not depend on the default setting.
<a name="pragma_freelist_count"></a>
<h _id=pragma_freelist_count style="display:none"> PRAGMA freelist_count</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>freelist_count;</b></p>
<p>Return the number of unused pages in the database file.</p>
<a name="pragma_full_column_names"></a>
<h _id=pragma_full_column_names style="display:none"> PRAGMA full_column_names</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA full_column_names;
<br>PRAGMA full_column_names = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the full_column_names flag. This flag together
with the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_short_column_names">short_column_names</a> flag determine
the way SQLite assigns names to result columns of <a href="lang_select.html">SELECT</a> statements.
Result columns are named by applying the following rules in order:
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_fullfsync"></a>
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for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_fullfsync"></a>
<h _id=pragma_fullfsync style="display:none"> PRAGMA fullfsync</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA fullfsync
<br>PRAGMA fullfsync = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the fullfsync flag. This flag
determines whether or not the F_FULLFSYNC syncing method is used
on systems that support it. The default value of the fullfsync flag
is off. Only Mac OS X supports F_FULLFSYNC.</p>
<p>See also <a href="pragma.html#pragma_checkpoint_fullfsync">checkpoint_fullfsync</a>.</p>
<a name="pragma_ignore_check_constraints"></a>
<h _id=pragma_ignore_check_constraints style="display:none"> PRAGMA ignore_check_constraints</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA ignore_check_constraints = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>This pragma enables or disables the enforcement of CHECK constraints.
The default setting is off, meaning that CHECK constraints are
enforced by default.</p>
<a name="pragma_incremental_vacuum"></a>
<h _id=pragma_incremental_vacuum style="display:none"> PRAGMA incremental_vacuum</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>incremental_vacuum</b><i>(N)</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>The incremental_vacuum pragma causes up to <i>N</i> pages to
be removed from the <a href="fileformat2.html#freelist">freelist</a>. The database file is truncated by
the same amount. The incremental_vacuum pragma has no effect if
the database is not in
<a href="#pragma_auto_vacuum">auto_vacuum=incremental</a> mode
or if there are no pages on the freelist. If there are fewer than
<i>N</i> pages on the freelist, or if <i>N</i> is less than 1, or
if <i>N</i> is omitted entirely, then the entire freelist is cleared.</p>
<a name="pragma_index_info"></a>
<h _id=pragma_index_info style="display:none"> PRAGMA index_info</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>index_info(</b><i>index-name</i><b>);</b></p>
<p>This pragma returns one row for each key column in the named index.
A key column is a column that is actually named in the <a href="lang_createindex.html">CREATE INDEX</a>
index statement or <a href="lang_createtable.html#uniqueconst">UNIQUE constraint</a> or <a href="lang_createtable.html#primkeyconst">PRIMARY KEY constraint</a> that
created the index. Index entries also usually contain auxiliary
columns that point back to the table row being indexed. The auxiliary
index-columns are not shown by the index_info pragma, but they are
listed by the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_index_xinfo">index_xinfo pragma</a>.</p>
<p>Output columns from the index_info pragma are as follows:
<ol>
<li>The rank of the column within the index. (0 means left-most.)
<li>The rank of the column within the table being indexed.
<li>The name of the column being indexed.
</ol>
<a name="pragma_index_list"></a>
<h _id=pragma_index_list style="display:none"> PRAGMA index_list</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>index_list(</b><i>table-name</i><b>);</b></p>
<p>This pragma returns one row for each index associated with the
given table.
<p>Output columns from the index_list pragma are as follows:
<ol>
<li>A sequence number assigned to each index for internal tracking
purposes.
<li>The name of the index.
<li>"1" if the index is UNIQUE and "0" if not.
<li>"c" if the index was created by a <a href="lang_createindex.html">CREATE INDEX</a> statement,
"u" if the index was created by a <a href="lang_createtable.html#uniqueconst">UNIQUE constraint</a>, or
"pk" if the index was created by a <a href="lang_createtable.html#primkeyconst">PRIMARY KEY constraint</a>.
<li>"1" if the index is a <a href="partialindex.html">partial index</a> and "0" if not.
</ol>
</p>
<a name="pragma_index_xinfo"></a>
<h _id=pragma_index_xinfo style="display:none"> PRAGMA index_xinfo</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>index_xinfo(</b><i>index-name</i><b>);</b></p>
<p>This pragma returns information about every column in an index.
Unlike this <a href="pragma.html#pragma_index_info">index_info pragma</a>, this pragma returns information about
every column in the index, not just the key columns.
(A key column is a column that is actually named in the <a href="lang_createindex.html">CREATE INDEX</a>
index statement or <a href="lang_createtable.html#uniqueconst">UNIQUE constraint</a> or <a href="lang_createtable.html#primkeyconst">PRIMARY KEY constraint</a> that
created the index. Auxiliary columns are additional columns needed to
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index and 0 otherwise.
<li>The name for the <a href="datatype3.html#collation">collating sequence</a>
used to compare values in the index-column.
<li>1 if the index-column is a key column and 0 if the index-column
is an auxiliary column.
</ol>
<a name="pragma_integrity_check"></a>
| | | 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 |
index and 0 otherwise.
<li>The name for the <a href="datatype3.html#collation">collating sequence</a>
used to compare values in the index-column.
<li>1 if the index-column is a key column and 0 if the index-column
is an auxiliary column.
</ol>
<a name="pragma_integrity_check"></a>
<h _id=pragma_integrity_check style="display:none"> PRAGMA integrity_check</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>integrity_check;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>integrity_check(</b><i>N</i><b>)</b></p>
<p>This pragma does an integrity check of the entire database. The
integrity_check pragma
looks for out-of-order records, missing pages, malformed records, missing
index entries, and UNIQUE and NOT NULL constraint errors.
If the integrity_check pragma finds problems, strings are returned
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
897 898 899 900 901 902 903 |
<a href="foreignkeys.html">FOREIGN KEY</a> errors.
Use the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_foreign_key_check">PRAGMA foreign_key_check</a> command for to find errors in
FOREIGN KEY constraints.</p>
<p>See also the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_quick_check">PRAGMA quick_check</a> command which does most of the
checking of PRAGMA integrity_check but runs much faster.</p>
<a name="pragma_journal_mode"></a>
| | | 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 |
<a href="foreignkeys.html">FOREIGN KEY</a> errors.
Use the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_foreign_key_check">PRAGMA foreign_key_check</a> command for to find errors in
FOREIGN KEY constraints.</p>
<p>See also the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_quick_check">PRAGMA quick_check</a> command which does most of the
checking of PRAGMA integrity_check but runs much faster.</p>
<a name="pragma_journal_mode"></a>
<h _id=pragma_journal_mode style="display:none"> PRAGMA journal_mode</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>journal_mode;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>journal_mode
= <i>DELETE | TRUNCATE | PERSIST | MEMORY | WAL | OFF</i></b></p>
<p>This pragma queries or sets the journal mode for databases
associated with the current <a href="c3ref/sqlite3.html">database connection</a>.</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
964 965 966 967 968 969 970 |
<p>Note that the journal_mode for an <a href="inmemorydb.html">in-memory database</a>
is either MEMORY or OFF and can not be changed to a different value.
An attempt to change the journal_mode of an <a href="inmemorydb.html">in-memory database</a> to
any setting other than MEMORY or OFF is ignored. Note also that
the journal_mode cannot be changed while a transaction is active.</p>
<a name="pragma_journal_size_limit"></a>
| | | 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 |
<p>Note that the journal_mode for an <a href="inmemorydb.html">in-memory database</a>
is either MEMORY or OFF and can not be changed to a different value.
An attempt to change the journal_mode of an <a href="inmemorydb.html">in-memory database</a> to
any setting other than MEMORY or OFF is ignored. Note also that
the journal_mode cannot be changed while a transaction is active.</p>
<a name="pragma_journal_size_limit"></a>
<h _id=pragma_journal_size_limit style="display:none"> PRAGMA journal_size_limit</h><hr>
<p><b>
PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>journal_size_limit<br>
PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>journal_size_limit = </b><i>N</i> <b>;</b>
<p>If a database connection is operating in
<a href="pragma.html#pragma_locking_mode">exclusive locking mode</a> or in
<a href="pragma.html#pragma_journal_mode">persistent journal mode</a>
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 | <p>This pragma only operates on the single database specified prior to the pragma name (or on the "main" database if no database is specified.) There is no way to change the journal size limit on all attached databases using a single PRAGMA statement. The size limit must be set separately for each attached database. <a name="pragma_legacy_file_format"></a> | | | | 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 |
<p>This pragma only operates on the single database specified prior
to the pragma name (or on the "main" database if no database is specified.)
There is no way to change the journal size limit on all attached databases
using a single PRAGMA statement. The size limit must be set separately for
each attached database.
<a name="pragma_legacy_file_format"></a>
<h _id=pragma_legacy_file_format style="display:none"> PRAGMA legacy_file_format</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA legacy_file_format;
<br>PRAGMA legacy_file_format = <i>boolean</i></b></p>
<p>This pragma sets or queries the value of the legacy_file_format
flag. When this flag is on, new SQLite databases are created in
a file format that is readable and writable by all versions of
SQLite going back to 3.0.0. When the flag is off, new databases
are created using the latest file format which might not be
readable or writable by versions of SQLite prior to 3.3.0.</p>
<p>When the legacy_file_format pragma is issued with no argument,
it returns the setting of the flag. This pragma does <u>not</u> tell
which file format the current database is using; it tells what format
will be used by any newly created databases.</p>
<p>The legacy_file_format pragma is initialized to OFF when an existing
database in the newer file format is first opened.</p>
<p>The default file format is set by the
<a href="compile.html#default_file_format">SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT</a> compile-time option.</p>
<a name="pragma_locking_mode"></a>
<h _id=pragma_locking_mode style="display:none"> PRAGMA locking_mode</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>locking_mode;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>locking_mode
= <i>NORMAL | EXCLUSIVE</i></b></p>
<p>This pragma sets or queries the database connection locking-mode.
The locking-mode is either NORMAL or EXCLUSIVE.
<p>In NORMAL locking-mode (the default unless overridden at compile-time
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 | <a href="wal.html">WAL journal mode</a>, then the locking mode cannot be changed to NORMAL until after exiting WAL journal mode. If the locking mode is NORMAL when first entering WAL journal mode, then the locking mode can be changed between NORMAL and EXCLUSIVE and back again at any time and without needing to exit WAL journal mode.</p> <a name="pragma_max_page_count"></a> | | | | 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 |
<a href="wal.html">WAL journal mode</a>, then the locking mode cannot be changed to
NORMAL until after exiting WAL journal mode.
If the locking mode is NORMAL when first entering WAL
journal mode, then the locking mode can be changed between NORMAL and
EXCLUSIVE and back again at any time and without needing to exit
WAL journal mode.</p>
<a name="pragma_max_page_count"></a>
<h _id=pragma_max_page_count style="display:none"> PRAGMA max_page_count</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>max_page_count;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>max_page_count = </b><i>N</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or set the maximum number of pages in the database file.
Both forms of the pragma return the maximum page count. The second
form attempts to modify the maximum page count. The maximum page
count cannot be reduced below the current database size.
</p>
<a name="pragma_mmap_size"></a>
<h _id=pragma_mmap_size style="display:none"> PRAGMA mmap_size</h><hr>
<p><br><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>mmap_size;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>mmap_size=</b><i>N</i></p>
<p>Query or change the maximum number of bytes that are set
aside for memory-mapped I/O on a single database. The first form
(without an argument) queries the current limit. The second
form (with a numeric argument) sets the limit for the specified
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
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<p>The size of the memory-mapped I/O region cannot be changed while
the memory-mapped I/O region is in active use, to avoid unmapping
memory out from under running SQL statements. For this reason,
the mmap_size pragma may be a no-op if the prior mmap_size is non-zero
and there are other SQL statements running concurrently on the same
<a href="c3ref/sqlite3.html">database connection</a>.</p>
<a name="pragma_page_count"></a>
| | | | | | > > | | | | | | | 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 |
<p>The size of the memory-mapped I/O region cannot be changed while
the memory-mapped I/O region is in active use, to avoid unmapping
memory out from under running SQL statements. For this reason,
the mmap_size pragma may be a no-op if the prior mmap_size is non-zero
and there are other SQL statements running concurrently on the same
<a href="c3ref/sqlite3.html">database connection</a>.</p>
<a name="pragma_page_count"></a>
<h _id=pragma_page_count style="display:none"> PRAGMA page_count</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>page_count;</b></p>
<p>Return the total number of pages in the database file.</p>
<a name="pragma_page_size"></a>
<h _id=pragma_page_size style="display:none"> PRAGMA page_size</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>page_size;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>page_size = </b><i>bytes</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or set the page size of the database. The page
size must be a power of two between 512 and 65536 inclusive.
</p>
<p>When a new database is created, SQLite assigned a page size to
the database based on platform and filesystem. For many years,
the default page size was almost always 1024 bytes, but beginning
with SQLite <a href="releaselog/3_12_0.html">version 3.12.0</a> in 2016, the default page size increased
to 4096.
<p>The page_size pragma will only set in the
page size if it is issued before any other SQL statements that
cause I/O against the database file.
SQL statements that cause I/O against the database file include
"CREATE", "SELECT", "BEGIN IMMEDIATE", and "PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL".
If the page_size pragma is
used to specify a new page size just prior to
running the <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a> command and if the database is not in
<a href="wal.html">WAL journal mode</a> then <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a> will change the page
size to the new value.</p>
<p>The <a href="compile.html#default_page_size">SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE</a> compile-time option can be used
to change the default page size assigned to new databases.
<a name="pragma_parser_trace"></a>
<h _id=pragma_parser_trace style="display:none"> PRAGMA parser_trace</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA parser_trace = </b><i>boolean</i><b>; </b></p>
<p>If SQLite has been compiled with the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time
option, then the parser_trace pragma can be used to turn on tracing
for the SQL parser used internally by SQLite.
This feature is used for debugging SQLite itself.</p>
<p style='background-color: #f0e0ff;'>
This pragma is intended for use when debugging SQLite itself. It
is only available when the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time option
is used.</p>
<a name="pragma_query_only"></a>
<h _id=pragma_query_only style="display:none"> PRAGMA query_only</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA query_only;
<br>PRAGMA query_only = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>The query_only pragma prevents all changes to database files when
enabled.</p>
<a name="pragma_quick_check"></a>
<h _id=pragma_quick_check style="display:none"> PRAGMA quick_check</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>quick_check;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>quick_check(</b><i>N</i><b>)</b></p>
<p>The pragma is like <a href="pragma.html#pragma_integrity_check">integrity_check</a> except that it does not verify
UNIQUE and NOT NULL constraints and does not verify
that index content matches table content. By skipping UNIQUE and NOT NULL
and index consistency checks, quick_check is able to run much faster than
integrity_check. Otherwise the two pragmas are the same.
</p>
<a name="pragma_read_uncommitted"></a>
<h _id=pragma_read_uncommitted style="display:none"> PRAGMA read_uncommitted</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA read_uncommitted;
<br>PRAGMA read_uncommitted = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query, set, or clear READ UNCOMMITTED isolation. The default isolation
level for SQLite is SERIALIZABLE. Any process or thread can select
READ UNCOMMITTED isolation, but SERIALIZABLE will still be used except
between connections that share a common page and schema cache.
Cache sharing is enabled using the <a href="c3ref/enable_shared_cache.html">sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()</a> API.
Cache sharing is disabled by default.
</p>
<p>See <a href="sharedcache.html">SQLite Shared-Cache Mode</a> for additional information.</p>
<a name="pragma_recursive_triggers"></a>
<h _id=pragma_recursive_triggers style="display:none"> PRAGMA recursive_triggers</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA recursive_triggers;
<br>PRAGMA recursive_triggers = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query, set, or clear the recursive trigger capability.
<p>Changing the recursive_triggers setting affects the execution of
all statements prepared
using the database connection, including those prepared before the
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 |
triggers may be turned on by default in future versions of SQLite.
</p>
<p>The depth of recursion for triggers has a hard upper limit set by
the <a href="limits.html#max_trigger_depth">SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH</a> compile-time option and a run-time
limit set by <a href="c3ref/limit.html">sqlite3_limit</a>(db,<a href="c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimittriggerdepth">SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</a>,...).</p>
<a name="pragma_reverse_unordered_selects"></a>
| | | 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 |
triggers may be turned on by default in future versions of SQLite.
</p>
<p>The depth of recursion for triggers has a hard upper limit set by
the <a href="limits.html#max_trigger_depth">SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH</a> compile-time option and a run-time
limit set by <a href="c3ref/limit.html">sqlite3_limit</a>(db,<a href="c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimittriggerdepth">SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</a>,...).</p>
<a name="pragma_reverse_unordered_selects"></a>
<h _id=pragma_reverse_unordered_selects style="display:none"> PRAGMA reverse_unordered_selects</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA reverse_unordered_selects;
<br>PRAGMA reverse_unordered_selects = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>When enabled, this PRAGMA causes many <a href="lang_select.html">SELECT</a> statements without
an ORDER BY clause to emit their results in the reverse order from what
they normally would. This can help debug applications that are
making invalid assumptions about the result order.
The reverse_unordered_selects pragma works for most SELECT statements,
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 |
output order might malfunction. By running the application multiple
times with this pragma both disabled and enabled, cases where the
application makes faulty assumptions about output order can be
identified and fixed early, reducing problems
that might be caused by linking against a different version of SQLite.
</p>
<a name="pragma_schema_version"></a>
| | | 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 |
output order might malfunction. By running the application multiple
times with this pragma both disabled and enabled, cases where the
application makes faulty assumptions about output order can be
identified and fixed early, reducing problems
that might be caused by linking against a different version of SQLite.
</p>
<a name="pragma_schema_version"></a>
<h _id=pragma_schema_version style="display:none"> PRAGMA schema_version, user_version</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>schema_version;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>schema_version = </b><i>integer </i><b>;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>user_version;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>user_version = </b><i>integer </i><b>;</b>
<p> The pragmas schema_version and user_version are used to set or get
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 |
executed. Subverting this mechanism by using "PRAGMA schema_version"
to modify the schema-version is potentially dangerous and may lead
to program crashes or database corruption. Use with caution!</p>
<p> The user-version is not used internally by SQLite. It may be used by
applications for any purpose.</p>
<a name="pragma_secure_delete"></a>
| | | | | | > > > > > | | | | | | 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 |
executed. Subverting this mechanism by using "PRAGMA schema_version"
to modify the schema-version is potentially dangerous and may lead
to program crashes or database corruption. Use with caution!</p>
<p> The user-version is not used internally by SQLite. It may be used by
applications for any purpose.</p>
<a name="pragma_secure_delete"></a>
<h _id=pragma_secure_delete style="display:none"> PRAGMA secure_delete</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>secure_delete;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>secure_delete = </b><i>boolean</i></p>
<p>Query or change the secure-delete setting. When secure_delete is
on, SQLite overwrites deleted content with zeros. The default
setting for secure_delete is determined by the <a href="compile.html#secure_delete">SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE</a>
compile-time option and is normally off. The off setting for
secure_delete improves performance by reducing the
amount of disk I/O. Applications that wish to avoid leaving
forensic traces after content is deleted or updated should enable the
secure_delete pragma prior to performing the delete or update, or else
run <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a> after the delete or update.
<p>
When there are <a href="lang_attach.html">attached databases</a> and no database
is specified in the pragma, all databases have their secure-delete
setting altered.
The secure-delete setting for newly attached databases is the setting
of the main database at the time the ATTACH command is evaluated.
<p>
When multiple database connections share the same cache, changing
the secure-delete flag on one database connection changes it for them
all.
</p>
<a name="pragma_short_column_names"></a>
<h _id=pragma_short_column_names style="display:none"> PRAGMA short_column_names</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA short_column_names;
<br>PRAGMA short_column_names = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the short-column-names flag. This flag affects
the way SQLite names columns of data returned by <a href="lang_select.html">SELECT</a> statements.
See the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_full_column_names">full_column_names</a> pragma for full details.
</p>
<p style='background-color: #ffd0d0;'>
<b>This pragma is deprecated</b> and exists
for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_shrink_memory"></a>
<h _id=pragma_shrink_memory style="display:none"> PRAGMA shrink_memory</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA shrink_memory</b></p>
<p>This pragma causes the database connection on which it is invoked
to free up as much memory as it can, by calling
<a href="c3ref/db_release_memory.html">sqlite3_db_release_memory()</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_soft_heap_limit"></a>
<h _id=pragma_soft_heap_limit style="display:none"> PRAGMA soft_heap_limit</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA soft_heap_limit<br>
PRAGMA soft_heap_limit=</b><i>N</i></p>
<p>This pragma invokes the <a href="c3ref/soft_heap_limit64.html">sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()</a> interface with
the argument N, if N is specified and is a non-negative integer.
The soft_heap_limit pragma always returns the same integer
that would be returned by the <a href="c3ref/soft_heap_limit64.html">sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64</a>(-1) C-language
function.
</p>
<a name="pragma_stats"></a>
<h _id=pragma_stats style="display:none"> PRAGMA stats</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA stats;</b> </p>
<p>This pragma returns auxiliary information about tables and
indices. The returned information is used during testing to help
verify that the query planner is operating correctly. The format
and meaning of this pragma will likely change from one release
to the next. Because of its volatility, the behavior and output
format of this pragma are deliberately undocumented.</p>
<p style='background-color: #f0e0ff;'>
The intended use of this pragma is only for testing and validation of
SQLite. This pragma is subject to change without notice and is not
recommended for use by application programs.</p>
<a name="pragma_synchronous"></a>
<h _id=pragma_synchronous style="display:none"> PRAGMA synchronous</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>synchronous;
<br>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>synchronous = </b>
<i>0 | OFF | 1 | NORMAL | 2 | FULL | 3 | EXTRA</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the setting of the "synchronous" flag.
The first (query) form will return the synchronous setting as an
integer. The second form changes the synchronous setting.
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| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 |
<p>The default setting is usually synchronous=FULL.
The <a href="compile.html#extra_durable">SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE</a> compile-time option changes the
default to synchronous=EXTRA.</p>
<p>See also the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_fullfsync">fullfsync</a> and <a href="pragma.html#pragma_checkpoint_fullfsync">checkpoint_fullfsync</a> pragmas.</p>
<a name="pragma_table_info"></a>
| | | | 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 |
<p>The default setting is usually synchronous=FULL.
The <a href="compile.html#extra_durable">SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE</a> compile-time option changes the
default to synchronous=EXTRA.</p>
<p>See also the <a href="pragma.html#pragma_fullfsync">fullfsync</a> and <a href="pragma.html#pragma_checkpoint_fullfsync">checkpoint_fullfsync</a> pragmas.</p>
<a name="pragma_table_info"></a>
<h _id=pragma_table_info style="display:none"> PRAGMA table_info</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>table_info(</b><i>table-name</i><b>);</b></p>
<p>This pragma returns one row for each column in the named table.
Columns in the result set include the column name,
data type, whether or not the column can be NULL, and the default
value for the column. The "pk" column in the result set is zero
for columns that are not part of the primary key, and is the index of
the column in the primary key for columns that are part of the primary
key.</p>
<p>The table named in the table_info pragma can also be a view.</p>
<a name="pragma_temp_store"></a>
<h _id=pragma_temp_store style="display:none"> PRAGMA temp_store</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA temp_store;
<br>PRAGMA temp_store = </b>
<i>0 | DEFAULT | 1 | FILE | 2 | MEMORY</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the setting of the "<b>temp_store</b>" parameter.
When temp_store is DEFAULT (0), the compile-time C preprocessor macro
<a href="compile.html#temp_store">SQLITE_TEMP_STORE</a> is used to determine where temporary tables and indices
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 |
<td align="center">memory</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center"><em>any</em></td>
<td align="center">memory</td></tr>
</table>
</blockquote>
<a name="pragma_temp_store_directory"></a>
| | | 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 |
<td align="center">memory</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center"><em>any</em></td>
<td align="center">memory</td></tr>
</table>
</blockquote>
<a name="pragma_temp_store_directory"></a>
<h _id=pragma_temp_store_directory style="display:none"> PRAGMA temp_store_directory</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA temp_store_directory;
<br>PRAGMA temp_store_directory = '</b><i>directory-name</i><b>';</b></p>
<p>Query or change the value of the <a href="c3ref/temp_directory.html">sqlite3_temp_directory</a> global
variable, which many operating-system interface backends use to
determine where to store <a href="inmemorydb.html#temp_db">temporary tables</a> and indices.</p>
<p>When the temp_store_directory setting is changed, all existing temporary
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 |
for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_threads"></a>
| | | | | | | | | 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 |
for backwards compatibility only. New applications
should avoid using this pragma. Older applications should discontinue
use of this pragma at the earliest opportunity. This pragma may be omitted
from the build when SQLite is compiled using <a href="compile.html#omit_deprecated">SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED</a>.
</p>
<a name="pragma_threads"></a>
<h _id=pragma_threads style="display:none"> PRAGMA threads</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA threads;
<br>PRAGMA threads = </b><i>N</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>Query or change the value of the
<a href="c3ref/limit.html">sqlite3_limit</a>(db,<a href="c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitworkerthreads">SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</a>,...) limit for
the current database connection. This limit sets an upper bound
on the number of auxiliary threads that a <a href="c3ref/stmt.html">prepared statement</a> is
allowed to launch to assist with a query. The default limit is 0
unless it is changed using the <a href="compile.html#default_worker_threads">SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS</a>
compile-time option. When the limit is zero, that means no
auxiliary threads will be launched.</p>
<p>This pragma is a thin wrapper around the
<a href="c3ref/limit.html">sqlite3_limit</a>(db,<a href="c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitworkerthreads">SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</a>,...) interface.
</p>
<a name="pragma_vdbe_addoptrace"></a>
<h _id=pragma_vdbe_addoptrace style="display:none"> PRAGMA vdbe_addoptrace</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA vdbe_addoptrace = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>If SQLite has been compiled with the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time
option, then the vdbe_addoptrace pragma can be used to cause a complete
VDBE opcodes to be displayed as they are created during code generation.
This feature is used for debugging SQLite itself. See the
<a href="vdbe.html#trace">VDBE documentation</a> for more
information.</p>
<p style='background-color: #f0e0ff;'>
This pragma is intended for use when debugging SQLite itself. It
is only available when the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time option
is used.</p>
<a name="pragma_vdbe_debug"></a>
<h _id=pragma_vdbe_debug style="display:none"> PRAGMA vdbe_debug</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA vdbe_debug = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>If SQLite has been compiled with the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time
option, then the vdbe_debug pragma is a shorthand for three other
debug-only pragmas: vdbe_addoptrace, vdbe_listing, and vdbe_trace.
This feature is used for debugging SQLite itself. See the
<a href="vdbe.html#trace">VDBE documentation</a> for more
information.</p>
<p style='background-color: #f0e0ff;'>
This pragma is intended for use when debugging SQLite itself. It
is only available when the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time option
is used.</p>
<a name="pragma_vdbe_listing"></a>
<h _id=pragma_vdbe_listing style="display:none"> PRAGMA vdbe_listing</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA vdbe_listing = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>If SQLite has been compiled with the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time
option, then the vdbe_listing pragma can be used to cause a complete
listing of the virtual machine opcodes to appear on standard output
as each statement is evaluated.
With listing is on, the entire content of a program is printed
just prior to beginning execution. The statement
executes normally after the listing is printed.
This feature is used for debugging SQLite itself. See the
<a href="vdbe.html#trace">VDBE documentation</a> for more
information.</p>
<p style='background-color: #f0e0ff;'>
This pragma is intended for use when debugging SQLite itself. It
is only available when the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time option
is used.</p>
<a name="pragma_vdbe_trace"></a>
<h _id=pragma_vdbe_trace style="display:none"> PRAGMA vdbe_trace</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA vdbe_trace = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>If SQLite has been compiled with the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time
option, then the vdbe_trace pragma can be used to cause virtual machine
opcodes to be printed on standard output as they are evaluated.
This feature is used for debugging SQLite. See the
<a href="vdbe.html#trace">VDBE documentation</a> for more
information.</p>
<p style='background-color: #f0e0ff;'>
This pragma is intended for use when debugging SQLite itself. It
is only available when the <a href="compile.html#debug">SQLITE_DEBUG</a> compile-time option
is used.</p>
<a name="pragma_wal_autocheckpoint"></a>
<h _id=pragma_wal_autocheckpoint style="display:none"> PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint;<br>
PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint=</b><i>N</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>This pragma queries or sets the <a href="wal.html">write-ahead log</a>
<a href="wal.html#ckpt">auto-checkpoint</a> interval.
When the <a href="wal.html">write-ahead log</a> is enabled (via the
<a href="pragma.html#pragma_journal_mode">journal_mode pragma</a>) a checkpoint will be run automatically whenever
the write-ahead log equals or exceeds <i>N</i> pages in length.
Setting the auto-checkpoint size to zero or a negative value
turns auto-checkpointing off.</p>
<p>This pragma is a wrapper around the
<a href="c3ref/wal_autocheckpoint.html">sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()</a> C interface.
All automatic checkpoints are <a href="c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html">PASSIVE</a>.</p>
<p>Autocheckpointing is enabled by default with an interval
of 1000 or <a href="compile.html#default_wal_autocheckpoint">SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT</a>.</p>
<a name="pragma_wal_checkpoint"></a>
<h _id=pragma_wal_checkpoint style="display:none"> PRAGMA wal_checkpoint</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>wal_checkpoint;</b><br>
<b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>wal_checkpoint(PASSIVE);</b><br>
<b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>wal_checkpoint(FULL);</b><br>
<b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>wal_checkpoint(RESTART);</b><br>
<b>PRAGMA </b><i>schema.</i><b>wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE);</b>
</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 |
The third column is the number of pages in the write-ahead log file
that have been successfully moved back into the database file at
the conclusion of the checkpoint.
The second and third column are -1 if there is no
write-ahead log, for example if this pragma is invoked on a database
connection that is not in <a href="wal.html">WAL mode</a>.</p>
<a name="pragma_writable_schema"></a>
| | | 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 |
The third column is the number of pages in the write-ahead log file
that have been successfully moved back into the database file at
the conclusion of the checkpoint.
The second and third column are -1 if there is no
write-ahead log, for example if this pragma is invoked on a database
connection that is not in <a href="wal.html">WAL mode</a>.</p>
<a name="pragma_writable_schema"></a>
<h _id=pragma_writable_schema style="display:none"> PRAGMA writable_schema</h><hr>
<p><b>PRAGMA writable_schema = </b><i>boolean</i><b>;</b></p>
<p>When this pragma is on, the SQLITE_MASTER tables in which database
can be changed using ordinary <a href="lang_update.html">UPDATE</a>, <a href="lang_insert.html">INSERT</a>, and <a href="lang_delete.html">DELETE</a>
statements. Warning: misuse of this pragma can easily result in
a corrupt database file.</p>
<hr>
|
Added Doc/Extra/Core/sqlite.css.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 |
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<h1 align="center">List of SQLite Syntax Diagrams</h1>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/alter-table-stmt.html.
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See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/analyze-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: analyze-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 |
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See also: <a href='../lang_analyze.html'>lang_analyze.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/attach-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: attach-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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<h1 align='center'>begin-stmt</h1>
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References: <a href='./conflict-clause.html'>conflict-clause</a> <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./foreign-key-clause.html'>foreign-key-clause</a> <a href='./literal-value.html'>literal-value</a> <a href='./signed-number.html'>signed-number</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/column-def.html.
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<h1 align='center'>column-def</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./alter-table-stmt.html'>alter-table-stmt</a> <a href='./create-table-stmt.html'>create-table-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./column-constraint.html'>column-constraint</a> <a href='./type-name.html'>type-name</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/comment-syntax.html.
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<h1 align='center'>comment-syntax</h1>
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See also: <a href='../lang_comment.html'>lang_comment.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/commit-stmt.html.
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<h1 align='center'>commit-stmt</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_transaction.html'>lang_transaction.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/common-table-expression.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: common-table-expression</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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<h1 align='center'>common-table-expression</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./compound-select-stmt.html'>compound-select-stmt</a> <a href='./factored-select-stmt.html'>factored-select-stmt</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a> <a href='./simple-select-stmt.html'>simple-select-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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<h1 align='center'>compound-operator</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./factored-select-stmt.html'>factored-select-stmt</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/compound-select-stmt.html.
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References: <a href='./common-table-expression.html'>common-table-expression</a> <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./ordering-term.html'>ordering-term</a> <a href='./select-core.html'>select-core</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/conflict-clause.html.
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<h1 align='center'>conflict-clause</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./column-constraint.html'>column-constraint</a> <a href='./table-constraint.html'>table-constraint</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_conflict.html'>lang_conflict.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/create-index-stmt.html.
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<h1 align='center'>create-index-stmt</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./indexed-column.html'>indexed-column</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/create-table-stmt.html.
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<h1 align='center'>create-table-stmt</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./column-def.html'>column-def</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a> <a href='./table-constraint.html'>table-constraint</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/create-trigger-stmt.html.
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<h1 align='center'>create-trigger-stmt</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./delete-stmt.html'>delete-stmt</a> <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./insert-stmt.html'>insert-stmt</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a> <a href='./update-stmt.html'>update-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/create-view-stmt.html.
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References: <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/create-virtual-table-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: create-virtual-table-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 |
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See also: <a href='../lang_createvtab.html'>lang_createvtab.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/cte-table-name.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: cte-table-name</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 |
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See also: <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/delete-stmt-limited.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: delete-stmt-limited</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./ordering-term.html'>ordering-term</a> <a href='./qualified-table-name.html'>qualified-table-name</a> <a href='./with-clause.html'>with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/delete-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: delete-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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<h1 align='center'>delete-stmt</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./create-trigger-stmt.html'>create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./qualified-table-name.html'>qualified-table-name</a> <a href='./with-clause.html'>with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/detach-stmt.html.
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<h1 align='center'>detach-stmt</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_detach.html'>lang_detach.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/drop-index-stmt.html.
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<h1 align='center'>drop-index-stmt</h1>
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See also: <a href='../lang_dropindex.html'>lang_dropindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/drop-table-stmt.html.
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_droptable.html'>lang_droptable.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/drop-trigger-stmt.html.
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_droptrigger.html'>lang_droptrigger.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/drop-view-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: drop-view-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 |
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_dropview.html'>lang_dropview.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/expr.html.
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<h1 align='center'>expr</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./attach-stmt.html'>attach-stmt</a> <a href='./column-constraint.html'>column-constraint</a> <a href='./compound-select-stmt.html'>compound-select-stmt</a> <a href='./create-index-stmt.html'>create-index-stmt</a> <a href='./create-trigger-stmt.html'>create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href='./delete-stmt.html'>delete-stmt</a> <a href='./delete-stmt-limited.html'>delete-stmt-limited</a> <a href='./factored-select-stmt.html'>factored-select-stmt</a> <a href='./indexed-column.html'>indexed-column</a> <a href='./insert-stmt.html'>insert-stmt</a> <a href='./join-constraint.html'>join-constraint</a> <a href='./ordering-term.html'>ordering-term</a> <a href='./result-column.html'>result-column</a> <a href='./select-core.html'>select-core</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a> <a href='./simple-select-stmt.html'>simple-select-stmt</a> <a href='./table-constraint.html'>table-constraint</a> <a href='./table-or-subquery.html'>table-or-subquery</a> <a href='./update-stmt.html'>update-stmt</a> <a href='./update-stmt-limited.html'>update-stmt-limited</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./literal-value.html'>literal-value</a> <a href='./raise-function.html'>raise-function</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a> <a href='./type-name.html'>type-name</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/factored-select-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: factored-select-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 |
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References: <a href='./common-table-expression.html'>common-table-expression</a> <a href='./compound-operator.html'>compound-operator</a> <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./ordering-term.html'>ordering-term</a> <a href='./select-core.html'>select-core</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/foreign-key-clause.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: foreign-key-clause</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 |
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Used by: <a href='./column-constraint.html'>column-constraint</a> <a href='./table-constraint.html'>table-constraint</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/indexed-column.html.
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Used by: <a href='./create-index-stmt.html'>create-index-stmt</a> <a href='./table-constraint.html'>table-constraint</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/insert-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: insert-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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<h1 align='center'>insert-stmt</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./create-trigger-stmt.html'>create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a> <a href='./with-clause.html'>with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/join-clause.html.
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<h1 align='center'>join-clause</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./select-core.html'>select-core</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a> <a href='./table-or-subquery.html'>table-or-subquery</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./join-constraint.html'>join-constraint</a> <a href='./join-operator.html'>join-operator</a> <a href='./table-or-subquery.html'>table-or-subquery</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/join-constraint.html.
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<h1 align='center'>join-constraint</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./join-clause.html'>join-clause</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/join-operator.html.
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<h1 align='center'>join-operator</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./join-clause.html'>join-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/literal-value.html.
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<h1 align='center'>literal-value</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./column-constraint.html'>column-constraint</a> <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/numeric-literal.html.
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<h1 align='center'>numeric-literal</h1>
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See also: <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/ordering-term.html.
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<h1 align='center'>ordering-term</h1>
<div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram ordering-term" src="../images/syntax/ordering-term.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./compound-select-stmt.html'>compound-select-stmt</a> <a href='./delete-stmt-limited.html'>delete-stmt-limited</a> <a href='./factored-select-stmt.html'>factored-select-stmt</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a> <a href='./simple-select-stmt.html'>simple-select-stmt</a> <a href='./update-stmt-limited.html'>update-stmt-limited</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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References: <a href='./pragma-value.html'>pragma-value</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../pragma.html'>pragma.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/pragma-value.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: pragma-value</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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See also: <a href='../pragma.html'>pragma.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/qualified-table-name.html.
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/raise-function.html.
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/recursive-cte.html.
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<h1 align='center'>recursive-cte</h1>
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References: <a href='./cte-table-name.html'>cte-table-name</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/reindex-stmt.html.
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<h1 align='center'>reindex-stmt</h1>
<div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram reindex-stmt" src="../images/syntax/reindex-stmt.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_reindex.html'>lang_reindex.html</a>
</div>
|
Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/release-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: release-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 |
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<h1 align='center'>release-stmt</h1>
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<img alt="syntax diagram release-stmt" src="../images/syntax/release-stmt.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_savepoint.html'>lang_savepoint.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/result-column.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: result-column</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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<h1 align='center'>result-column</h1>
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<img alt="syntax diagram result-column" src="../images/syntax/result-column.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./select-core.html'>select-core</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/rollback-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: rollback-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 |
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<h1 align='center'>rollback-stmt</h1>
<div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram rollback-stmt" src="../images/syntax/rollback-stmt.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_savepoint.html'>lang_savepoint.html</a> <a href='../lang_transaction.html'>lang_transaction.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/savepoint-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: savepoint-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 |
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<h1 align='center'>savepoint-stmt</h1>
<div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram savepoint-stmt" src="../images/syntax/savepoint-stmt.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_savepoint.html'>lang_savepoint.html</a>
</div>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/select-core.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: select-core</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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<h1 align='center'>select-core</h1>
<div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram select-core" src="../images/syntax/select-core.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./compound-select-stmt.html'>compound-select-stmt</a> <a href='./factored-select-stmt.html'>factored-select-stmt</a> <a href='./simple-select-stmt.html'>simple-select-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./join-clause.html'>join-clause</a> <a href='./result-column.html'>result-column</a> <a href='./table-or-subquery.html'>table-or-subquery</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a>
</div>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/select-stmt.html.
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References: <a href='./common-table-expression.html'>common-table-expression</a> <a href='./compound-operator.html'>compound-operator</a> <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./join-clause.html'>join-clause</a> <a href='./ordering-term.html'>ordering-term</a> <a href='./result-column.html'>result-column</a> <a href='./table-or-subquery.html'>table-or-subquery</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/signed-number.html.
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/simple-select-stmt.html.
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References: <a href='./common-table-expression.html'>common-table-expression</a> <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./ordering-term.html'>ordering-term</a> <a href='./select-core.html'>select-core</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/sql-stmt-list.html.
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References: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang.html'>lang.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/sql-stmt.html.
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<h1 align='center'>sql-stmt</h1>
<div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram sql-stmt" src="../images/syntax/sql-stmt.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt-list.html'>sql-stmt-list</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./alter-table-stmt.html'>alter-table-stmt</a> <a href='./analyze-stmt.html'>analyze-stmt</a> <a href='./attach-stmt.html'>attach-stmt</a> <a href='./begin-stmt.html'>begin-stmt</a> <a href='./commit-stmt.html'>commit-stmt</a> <a href='./create-index-stmt.html'>create-index-stmt</a> <a href='./create-table-stmt.html'>create-table-stmt</a> <a href='./create-trigger-stmt.html'>create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href='./create-view-stmt.html'>create-view-stmt</a> <a href='./create-virtual-table-stmt.html'>create-virtual-table-stmt</a> <a href='./delete-stmt.html'>delete-stmt</a> <a href='./delete-stmt-limited.html'>delete-stmt-limited</a> <a href='./detach-stmt.html'>detach-stmt</a> <a href='./drop-index-stmt.html'>drop-index-stmt</a> <a href='./drop-table-stmt.html'>drop-table-stmt</a> <a href='./drop-trigger-stmt.html'>drop-trigger-stmt</a> <a href='./drop-view-stmt.html'>drop-view-stmt</a> <a href='./insert-stmt.html'>insert-stmt</a> <a href='./pragma-stmt.html'>pragma-stmt</a> <a href='./reindex-stmt.html'>reindex-stmt</a> <a href='./release-stmt.html'>release-stmt</a> <a href='./rollback-stmt.html'>rollback-stmt</a> <a href='./savepoint-stmt.html'>savepoint-stmt</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a> <a href='./update-stmt.html'>update-stmt</a> <a href='./update-stmt-limited.html'>update-stmt-limited</a> <a href='./vacuum-stmt.html'>vacuum-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang.html'>lang.html</a> <a href='../lang_explain.html'>lang_explain.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/table-constraint.html.
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<h1 align='center'>table-constraint</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./create-table-stmt.html'>create-table-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./conflict-clause.html'>conflict-clause</a> <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./foreign-key-clause.html'>foreign-key-clause</a> <a href='./indexed-column.html'>indexed-column</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/table-or-subquery.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: table-or-subquery</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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<h1 align='center'>table-or-subquery</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./join-clause.html'>join-clause</a> <a href='./select-core.html'>select-core</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./join-clause.html'>join-clause</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_altertable.html'>lang_altertable.html</a> <a href='../lang_attach.html'>lang_attach.html</a> <a href='../lang_createindex.html'>lang_createindex.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtable.html'>lang_createtable.html</a> <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_createview.html'>lang_createview.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_expr.html'>lang_expr.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_select.html'>lang_select.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a> <a href='../partialindex.html'>partialindex.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/type-name.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: type-name</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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Used by: <a href='./column-def.html'>column-def</a> <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./signed-number.html'>signed-number</a><br></br>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/update-stmt-limited.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: update-stmt-limited</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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<h1 align='center'>update-stmt-limited</h1>
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Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./ordering-term.html'>ordering-term</a> <a href='./qualified-table-name.html'>qualified-table-name</a> <a href='./with-clause.html'>with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a>
</div>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/update-stmt.html.
1 2 3 4 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>SQLite Syntax: update-stmt</title> | > > < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < | | | > | | < < | > | > > | | | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > < | | | | > | < < < < < < > > > > > > > < < < < < < < < < < < < > | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
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<h1 align='center'>update-stmt</h1>
<div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram update-stmt" src="../images/syntax/update-stmt.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./create-trigger-stmt.html'>create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./expr.html'>expr</a> <a href='./qualified-table-name.html'>qualified-table-name</a> <a href='./with-clause.html'>with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/vacuum-stmt.html.
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<h1 align='center'>vacuum-stmt</h1>
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<img alt="syntax diagram vacuum-stmt" src="../images/syntax/vacuum-stmt.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./sql-stmt.html'>sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_vacuum.html'>lang_vacuum.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/with-clause.html.
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<h1 align='center'>with-clause</h1>
<div class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram with-clause" src="../images/syntax/with-clause.gif"></img><br>
Used by: <a href='./delete-stmt.html'>delete-stmt</a> <a href='./delete-stmt-limited.html'>delete-stmt-limited</a> <a href='./insert-stmt.html'>insert-stmt</a> <a href='./update-stmt.html'>update-stmt</a> <a href='./update-stmt-limited.html'>update-stmt-limited</a><br></br>
References: <a href='./cte-table-name.html'>cte-table-name</a> <a href='./select-stmt.html'>select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href='../lang_createtrigger.html'>lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href='../lang_delete.html'>lang_delete.html</a> <a href='../lang_insert.html'>lang_insert.html</a> <a href='../lang_update.html'>lang_update.html</a> <a href='../lang_with.html'>lang_with.html</a>
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Changes to Doc/Extra/Core/syntaxdiagrams.html.
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<h1 align=center>Syntax Diagrams For SQLite</h1>
<a name="sql-stmt-list"></a><h4>sql-stmt-list:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/sql-stmt-list.gif"></img><br></br><br></br>
References: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang.html">lang.html</a>
</div>
<a name="sql-stmt"></a><h4>sql-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/sql-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt-list">sql-stmt-list</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#alter-table-stmt">alter-table-stmt</a> <a href="#analyze-stmt">analyze-stmt</a> <a href="#attach-stmt">attach-stmt</a> <a href="#begin-stmt">begin-stmt</a> <a href="#commit-stmt">commit-stmt</a> <a href="#create-index-stmt">create-index-stmt</a> <a href="#create-table-stmt">create-table-stmt</a> <a href="#create-trigger-stmt">create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href="#create-view-stmt">create-view-stmt</a> <a href="#create-virtual-table-stmt">create-virtual-table-stmt</a> <a href="#delete-stmt">delete-stmt</a> <a href="#delete-stmt-limited">delete-stmt-limited</a> <a href="#detach-stmt">detach-stmt</a> <a href="#drop-index-stmt">drop-index-stmt</a> <a href="#drop-table-stmt">drop-table-stmt</a> <a href="#drop-trigger-stmt">drop-trigger-stmt</a> <a href="#drop-view-stmt">drop-view-stmt</a> <a href="#insert-stmt">insert-stmt</a> <a href="#pragma-stmt">pragma-stmt</a> <a href="#reindex-stmt">reindex-stmt</a> <a href="#release-stmt">release-stmt</a> <a href="#rollback-stmt">rollback-stmt</a> <a href="#savepoint-stmt">savepoint-stmt</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a> <a href="#update-stmt">update-stmt</a> <a href="#update-stmt-limited">update-stmt-limited</a> <a href="#vacuum-stmt">vacuum-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang.html">lang.html</a> <a href="lang_explain.html">lang_explain.html</a>
</div>
<a name="alter-table-stmt"></a><h4>alter-table-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/alter-table-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#column-def">column-def</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a>
</div>
<a name="analyze-stmt"></a><h4>analyze-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/analyze-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_analyze.html">lang_analyze.html</a>
</div>
<a name="attach-stmt"></a><h4>attach-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/attach-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a>
</div>
<a name="begin-stmt"></a><h4>begin-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/begin-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_transaction.html">lang_transaction.html</a>
</div>
<a name="commit-stmt"></a><h4>commit-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/commit-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_transaction.html">lang_transaction.html</a>
</div>
<a name="rollback-stmt"></a><h4>rollback-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/rollback-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_savepoint.html">lang_savepoint.html</a> <a href="lang_transaction.html">lang_transaction.html</a>
</div>
<a name="savepoint-stmt"></a><h4>savepoint-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/savepoint-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_savepoint.html">lang_savepoint.html</a>
</div>
<a name="release-stmt"></a><h4>release-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/release-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_savepoint.html">lang_savepoint.html</a>
</div>
<a name="create-index-stmt"></a><h4>create-index-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/create-index-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#indexed-column">indexed-column</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="indexed-column"></a><h4>indexed-column:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/indexed-column.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#create-index-stmt">create-index-stmt</a> <a href="#table-constraint">table-constraint</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html#primkeyconst">lang_createtable.html#primkeyconst</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html#uniqueconst">lang_createtable.html#uniqueconst</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="create-table-stmt"></a><h4>create-table-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/create-table-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#column-def">column-def</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a> <a href="#table-constraint">table-constraint</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a>
</div>
<a name="column-def"></a><h4>column-def:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/column-def.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#alter-table-stmt">alter-table-stmt</a> <a href="#create-table-stmt">create-table-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#column-constraint">column-constraint</a> <a href="#type-name">type-name</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html#tablecoldef">lang_createtable.html#tablecoldef</a>
</div>
<a name="type-name"></a><h4>type-name:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/type-name.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#column-def">column-def</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#signed-number">signed-number</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="column-constraint"></a><h4>column-constraint:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/column-constraint.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#column-def">column-def</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#conflict-clause">conflict-clause</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#foreign-key-clause">foreign-key-clause</a> <a href="#literal-value">literal-value</a> <a href="#signed-number">signed-number</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html#tablecoldef">lang_createtable.html#tablecoldef</a>
</div>
<a name="signed-number"></a><h4>signed-number:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/signed-number.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#column-constraint">column-constraint</a> <a href="#pragma-value">pragma-value</a> <a href="#type-name">type-name</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a> <a href="pragma.html#syntax">pragma.html#syntax</a>
</div>
<a name="table-constraint"></a><h4>table-constraint:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/table-constraint.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#create-table-stmt">create-table-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#conflict-clause">conflict-clause</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#foreign-key-clause">foreign-key-clause</a> <a href="#indexed-column">indexed-column</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html#primkeyconst">lang_createtable.html#primkeyconst</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html#tablecoldef">lang_createtable.html#tablecoldef</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html#uniqueconst">lang_createtable.html#uniqueconst</a>
</div>
<a name="foreign-key-clause"></a><h4>foreign-key-clause:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/foreign-key-clause.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#column-constraint">column-constraint</a> <a href="#table-constraint">table-constraint</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a>
</div>
<a name="conflict-clause"></a><h4>conflict-clause:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/conflict-clause.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#column-constraint">column-constraint</a> <a href="#table-constraint">table-constraint</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_conflict.html">lang_conflict.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html#notnullconst">lang_createtable.html#notnullconst</a>
</div>
<a name="create-trigger-stmt"></a><h4>create-trigger-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/create-trigger-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#delete-stmt">delete-stmt</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#insert-stmt">insert-stmt</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a> <a href="#update-stmt">update-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a>
</div>
<a name="create-view-stmt"></a><h4>create-view-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/create-view-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a>
</div>
<a name="create-virtual-table-stmt"></a><h4>create-virtual-table-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/create-virtual-table-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createvtab.html">lang_createvtab.html</a>
</div>
<a name="with-clause"></a><h4>with-clause:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/with-clause.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#delete-stmt">delete-stmt</a> <a href="#delete-stmt-limited">delete-stmt-limited</a> <a href="#insert-stmt">insert-stmt</a> <a href="#update-stmt">update-stmt</a> <a href="#update-stmt-limited">update-stmt-limited</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#cte-table-name">cte-table-name</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a>
</div>
<a name="cte-table-name"></a><h4>cte-table-name:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/cte-table-name.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#recursive-cte">recursive-cte</a> <a href="#with-clause">with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html#recursivecte">lang_with.html#recursivecte</a>
</div>
<a name="recursive-cte"></a><h4>recursive-cte:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/recursive-cte.gif"></img><br></br><br></br>
References: <a href="#cte-table-name">cte-table-name</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_with.html#recursivecte">lang_with.html#recursivecte</a>
</div>
<a name="common-table-expression"></a><h4>common-table-expression:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/common-table-expression.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#compound-select-stmt">compound-select-stmt</a> <a href="#factored-select-stmt">factored-select-stmt</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a> <a href="#simple-select-stmt">simple-select-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="delete-stmt"></a><h4>delete-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/delete-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#create-trigger-stmt">create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#qualified-table-name">qualified-table-name</a> <a href="#with-clause">with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a>
</div>
<a name="delete-stmt-limited"></a><h4>delete-stmt-limited:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/delete-stmt-limited.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#ordering-term">ordering-term</a> <a href="#qualified-table-name">qualified-table-name</a> <a href="#with-clause">with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a>
</div>
<a name="detach-stmt"></a><h4>detach-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/detach-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_detach.html">lang_detach.html</a>
</div>
<a name="drop-index-stmt"></a><h4>drop-index-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/drop-index-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_dropindex.html">lang_dropindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="drop-table-stmt"></a><h4>drop-table-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/drop-table-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_droptable.html">lang_droptable.html</a>
</div>
<a name="drop-trigger-stmt"></a><h4>drop-trigger-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/drop-trigger-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_droptrigger.html">lang_droptrigger.html</a>
</div>
<a name="drop-view-stmt"></a><h4>drop-view-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/drop-view-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_dropview.html">lang_dropview.html</a>
</div>
<a name="expr"></a><h4>expr:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/expr.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#attach-stmt">attach-stmt</a> <a href="#column-constraint">column-constraint</a> <a href="#compound-select-stmt">compound-select-stmt</a> <a href="#create-index-stmt">create-index-stmt</a> <a href="#create-trigger-stmt">create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href="#delete-stmt">delete-stmt</a> <a href="#delete-stmt-limited">delete-stmt-limited</a> <a href="#factored-select-stmt">factored-select-stmt</a> <a href="#indexed-column">indexed-column</a> <a href="#insert-stmt">insert-stmt</a> <a href="#join-constraint">join-constraint</a> <a href="#ordering-term">ordering-term</a> <a href="#result-column">result-column</a> <a href="#select-core">select-core</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a> <a href="#simple-select-stmt">simple-select-stmt</a> <a href="#table-constraint">table-constraint</a> <a href="#table-or-subquery">table-or-subquery</a> <a href="#update-stmt">update-stmt</a> <a href="#update-stmt-limited">update-stmt-limited</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#literal-value">literal-value</a> <a href="#raise-function">raise-function</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a> <a href="#type-name">type-name</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="raise-function"></a><h4>raise-function:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/raise-function.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#expr">expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html#raise">lang_createtrigger.html#raise</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="literal-value"></a><h4>literal-value:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/literal-value.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#column-constraint">column-constraint</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="numeric-literal"></a><h4>numeric-literal:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/numeric-literal.gif"></img><br></br><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_expr.html#litvalue">lang_expr.html#litvalue</a>
</div>
<a name="insert-stmt"></a><h4>insert-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/insert-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#create-trigger-stmt">create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a> <a href="#with-clause">with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a>
</div>
<a name="pragma-stmt"></a><h4>pragma-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/pragma-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#pragma-value">pragma-value</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="pragma.html#syntax">pragma.html#syntax</a>
</div>
<a name="pragma-value"></a><h4>pragma-value:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/pragma-value.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#pragma-stmt">pragma-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#signed-number">signed-number</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="pragma.html#syntax">pragma.html#syntax</a>
</div>
<a name="reindex-stmt"></a><h4>reindex-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/reindex-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_reindex.html">lang_reindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="select-stmt"></a><h4>select-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/select-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#common-table-expression">common-table-expression</a> <a href="#create-table-stmt">create-table-stmt</a> <a href="#create-trigger-stmt">create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href="#create-view-stmt">create-view-stmt</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#insert-stmt">insert-stmt</a> <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a> <a href="#table-or-subquery">table-or-subquery</a> <a href="#with-clause">with-clause</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#common-table-expression">common-table-expression</a> <a href="#compound-operator">compound-operator</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#join-clause">join-clause</a> <a href="#ordering-term">ordering-term</a> <a href="#result-column">result-column</a> <a href="#table-or-subquery">table-or-subquery</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html#recursivecte">lang_with.html#recursivecte</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="join-clause"></a><h4>join-clause:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/join-clause.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#select-core">select-core</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a> <a href="#table-or-subquery">table-or-subquery</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#join-constraint">join-constraint</a> <a href="#join-operator">join-operator</a> <a href="#table-or-subquery">table-or-subquery</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="select-core"></a><h4>select-core:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/select-core.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#compound-select-stmt">compound-select-stmt</a> <a href="#factored-select-stmt">factored-select-stmt</a> <a href="#simple-select-stmt">simple-select-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#join-clause">join-clause</a> <a href="#result-column">result-column</a> <a href="#table-or-subquery">table-or-subquery</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a>
</div>
<a name="factored-select-stmt"></a><h4>factored-select-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/factored-select-stmt.gif"></img><br></br><br></br>
References: <a href="#common-table-expression">common-table-expression</a> <a href="#compound-operator">compound-operator</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#ordering-term">ordering-term</a> <a href="#select-core">select-core</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a>
</div>
<a name="simple-select-stmt"></a><h4>simple-select-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/simple-select-stmt.gif"></img><br></br><br></br>
References: <a href="#common-table-expression">common-table-expression</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#ordering-term">ordering-term</a> <a href="#select-core">select-core</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a>
</div>
<a name="compound-select-stmt"></a><h4>compound-select-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/compound-select-stmt.gif"></img><br></br><br></br>
References: <a href="#common-table-expression">common-table-expression</a> <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#ordering-term">ordering-term</a> <a href="#select-core">select-core</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a>
</div>
<a name="table-or-subquery"></a><h4>table-or-subquery:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/table-or-subquery.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#join-clause">join-clause</a> <a href="#select-core">select-core</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#join-clause">join-clause</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="result-column"></a><h4>result-column:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/result-column.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#select-core">select-core</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="join-operator"></a><h4>join-operator:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/join-operator.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#join-clause">join-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#fromclause">lang_select.html#fromclause</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="join-constraint"></a><h4>join-constraint:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/join-constraint.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#join-clause">join-clause</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#fromclause">lang_select.html#fromclause</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="ordering-term"></a><h4>ordering-term:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/ordering-term.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#compound-select-stmt">compound-select-stmt</a> <a href="#delete-stmt-limited">delete-stmt-limited</a> <a href="#factored-select-stmt">factored-select-stmt</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a> <a href="#simple-select-stmt">simple-select-stmt</a> <a href="#update-stmt-limited">update-stmt-limited</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="compound-operator"></a><h4>compound-operator:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/compound-operator.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#factored-select-stmt">factored-select-stmt</a> <a href="#select-stmt">select-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_altertable.html">lang_altertable.html</a> <a href="lang_attach.html">lang_attach.html</a> <a href="lang_createindex.html">lang_createindex.html</a> <a href="lang_createtable.html">lang_createtable.html</a> <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_createview.html">lang_createview.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_expr.html">lang_expr.html</a> <a href="lang_insert.html">lang_insert.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html">lang_select.html</a> <a href="lang_select.html#compound">lang_select.html#compound</a> <a href="lang_select.html#simpleselect">lang_select.html#simpleselect</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html">lang_with.html</a> <a href="lang_with.html#recursivecte">lang_with.html#recursivecte</a> <a href="partialindex.html">partialindex.html</a>
</div>
<a name="update-stmt"></a><h4>update-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/update-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#create-trigger-stmt">create-trigger-stmt</a> <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#qualified-table-name">qualified-table-name</a> <a href="#with-clause">with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a>
</div>
<a name="update-stmt-limited"></a><h4>update-stmt-limited:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/update-stmt-limited.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
References: <a href="#expr">expr</a> <a href="#ordering-term">ordering-term</a> <a href="#qualified-table-name">qualified-table-name</a> <a href="#with-clause">with-clause</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a>
</div>
<a name="qualified-table-name"></a><h4>qualified-table-name:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/qualified-table-name.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#delete-stmt">delete-stmt</a> <a href="#delete-stmt-limited">delete-stmt-limited</a> <a href="#update-stmt">update-stmt</a> <a href="#update-stmt-limited">update-stmt-limited</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_createtrigger.html">lang_createtrigger.html</a> <a href="lang_delete.html">lang_delete.html</a> <a href="lang_indexedby.html">lang_indexedby.html</a> <a href="lang_update.html">lang_update.html</a>
</div>
<a name="vacuum-stmt"></a><h4>vacuum-stmt:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/vacuum-stmt.gif"></img><br></br>
Used by: <a href="#sql-stmt">sql-stmt</a><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_vacuum.html">lang_vacuum.html</a>
</div>
<a name="comment-syntax"></a><h4>comment-syntax:</h4><div class='imgcontainer'>
<img src="images/syntax/comment-syntax.gif"></img><br></br><br></br>
See also: <a href="lang_comment.html">lang_comment.html</a>
</div>
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<p><b>1.0.103.0 - September XX, 2016 <font color="red">(release scheduled)</font></b></p>
<ul>
<li>Updated to <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_14_2.html">SQLite 3.14.2</a>.</li>
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<li>Make SQLiteReadValueEventArgs and SQLiteReadArrayEventArgs derive from SQLiteReadEventArgs. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Rename SQLiteReadValueEventArgs.ArrayEventArgs property to ExtraEventArgs. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Add No_SQLiteGetSettingValue and No_SQLiteXmlConfigFile environment variables.</li>
<li>Reduce the number of calls to GetSettingValue from SQLiteConnection. Pursuant to <a href="https://system.data.sqlite.org/index.html/info/25d53b48f6">[25d53b48f6]</a>. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Add NoVerifyTypeAffinity connection flag to disable all type affinity checking.</li>
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The Virtual Table Mechanism Of SQLite
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Table Of Contents
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<div id="toc_sub"><div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#introduction">1. Introduction</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#usage">1.1. Usage</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#temporary_virtual_tables">1.1.1. Temporary virtual tables</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#eponymous_virtual_tables">1.1.2. Eponymous virtual tables</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#eponymous_only_virtual_tables">1.1.3. Eponymous-only virtual tables</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#implementation">1.2. Implementation</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#virtual_tables_and_shared_cache">1.3. Virtual Tables And Shared Cache</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#creating_new_virtual_table_implementations">1.4. Creating New Virtual Table Implementations</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#virtual_table_methods">2. Virtual Table Methods</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xcreate_method">2.1. The xCreate Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#hidden_columns_in_virtual_tables">2.1.1. Hidden columns in virtual tables</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#table_valued_functions">2.1.2. Table-valued functions</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#_without_rowid_virtual_tables_">2.1.3. WITHOUT ROWID Virtual Tables </a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xconnect_method">2.2. The xConnect Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xbestindex_method">2.3. The xBestIndex Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#inputs">2.3.1. Inputs</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#outputs">2.3.2. Outputs</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xdisconnect_method">2.4. The xDisconnect Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xdestroy_method">2.5. The xDestroy Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xopen_method">2.6. The xOpen Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xclose_method">2.7. The xClose Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xeof_method">2.8. The xEof Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xfilter_method">2.9. The xFilter Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xnext_method">2.10. The xNext Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xcolumn_method">2.11. The xColumn Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xrowid_method">2.12. The xRowid Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xupdate_method">2.13. The xUpdate Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xfindfunction_method">2.14. The xFindFunction Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xbegin_method">2.15. The xBegin Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xsync_method">2.16. The xSync Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xcommit_method">2.17. The xCommit Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xrollback_method">2.18. The xRollback Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xrename_method">2.19. The xRename Method</a></div>
<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_xsavepoint_xrelease_and_xrollbackto_methods">2.20. The xSavepoint, xRelease, and xRollbackTo Methods</a></div>
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<h1 id="introduction"><span>1. </span>Introduction</h1>
<p>A virtual table is an object that is registered with an open SQLite
<a href="c3ref/sqlite3.html">database connection</a>. From the perspective of an SQL statement,
the virtual table object looks like any other table or view.
But behind the scenes, queries and updates on a virtual table
invoke callback methods of the virtual table object instead of
reading and writing on the database file.
</p><p>The virtual table mechanism allows an application to publish
interfaces that are accessible from SQL statements as if they were
tables. SQL statements can do almost anything to a
virtual table that they can do to a real table, with the following
exceptions:
</p><p>
</p><ul>
<li> One cannot create a trigger on a virtual table.
</li><li> One cannot create additional indices on a virtual table.
(Virtual tables can have indices but that must be built into
the virtual table implementation. Indices cannot be added
separately using <a href="lang_createindex.html">CREATE INDEX</a> statements.)
</li><li> One cannot run <a href="lang_altertable.html">ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN</a>
commands against a virtual table.
</li></ul>
<p>Individual virtual table implementations might impose additional
constraints. For example, some virtual implementations might provide
read-only tables. Or some virtual table implementations might allow
<a href="lang_insert.html">INSERT</a> or <a href="lang_delete.html">DELETE</a> but not <a href="lang_update.html">UPDATE</a>. Or some virtual table implementations
might limit the kinds of UPDATEs that can be made.
</p><p>A virtual table might represent an in-memory data structures.
Or it might represent a view of data on disk that is not in the
SQLite format. Or the application might compute the content of the
virtual table on demand.
</p><p>Here are some existing and postulated uses for virtual tables:
</p><ul>
<li> A <a href="fts3.html">full-text search</a> interface
</li><li> Spatial indices using <a href="rtree.html">R-Trees</a>
</li><li> Introspect the disk content of an SQLite database file
(the <a href="dbstat.html">dbstat virtual table</a>)
</li><li> Read and/or write the content of a comma-separated value (CSV)
file
</li><li> Access the filesystem of the host computer as if it were a database table
</li><li> Enabling SQL manipulation of data in statistics packages like R
</li></ul>
<h2 id="usage"><span>1.1. </span>Usage</h2>
<p>A virtual table is created using a <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statement.
<p><b><a href="syntax/create-virtual-table-stmt.html">create-virtual-table-stmt:</a></b>
<button id='x1475' onclick='hideorshow("x1475","x1476")'>hide</button></p>
<div id='x1476' class='imgcontainer'>
<img alt="syntax diagram create-virtual-table-stmt" src="images/syntax/create-virtual-table-stmt.gif" />
</div>
</p><p>The CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement creates a new table
called <span class='yyterm'>table-name</span> derived from the class
class <span class='yyterm'>module-name</span>. The <span class='yyterm'>module-name</span>
is the name that is registered for the virtual table by
the <a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module()</a> interface.
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE tablename USING modulename;
</pre></div>
<p>One can also provide comma-separated arguments to the module following
the module name:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE tablename USING modulename(arg1, arg2, ...);
</pre></div>
<p>The format of the arguments to the module is very general. Each
<span class='yyterm'>module-argument</span>
may contain keywords, string literals, identifiers, numbers, and
punctuation. Each <span class='yyterm'>module-argument</span> is passed as
written (as text) into the
<a href="vtab.html#xcreate">constructor method</a> of the virtual table implementation
when the virtual
table is created and that constructor is responsible for parsing and
interpreting the arguments. The argument syntax is sufficiently general
that a virtual table implementation can, if it wants to, interpret its
arguments as <a href="lang_createtable.html#tablecoldef">column definitions</a> in an ordinary <a href="lang_createtable.html">CREATE TABLE</a> statement.
The implementation could also impose some other interpretation on the
arguments.
</p><p>Once a virtual table has been created, it can be used like any other
table with the exceptions noted above and imposed by specific virtual
table implementations. A virtual table is destroyed using the ordinary
<a href="lang_droptable.html">DROP TABLE</a> syntax.
</p><h3 id="temporary_virtual_tables"><span>1.1.1. </span>Temporary virtual tables</h3>
<p>There is no "CREATE TEMP VIRTUAL TABLE" statement. To create a
temporary virtual table, add the "temp" schema
before the virtual table name.
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE <b>temp.</b>tablename USING module(arg1, ...);
</pre></div>
<a name="epovtab"></a>
<h3 id="eponymous_virtual_tables"><span>1.1.2. </span>Eponymous virtual tables</h3>
<p>Some virtual tables exist automatically in the "main" schema of
every database connection in which their
module is registered, even without a <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statement.
Such virtual tables are called "eponymous virtual tables".
To use an eponymous virtual table, simply use the
module name as if it were a table.
Eponymous virtual tables exist in the "main" schema only, so they will
not work if prefixed with a different schema name.
</p><p>An example of an eponymous virtual table is the <a href="dbstat.html">dbstat virtual table</a>.
To use the dbstat virtual table as an eponymous virtual table,
simply query against the "dbstat"
module name, as if it were an ordinary table. (Note that SQLite
must be compiled with the <a href="compile.html#enable_dbstat_vtab">SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB</a> option to include
the dbstat virtual table in the build.)
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>SELECT * FROM dbstat;
</pre></div>
<p>A virtual table is eponymous if its <a href="vtab.html#xcreate">xCreate</a> method is the exact same
function as the <a href="vtab.html#xconnect">xConnect</a> method, or if the <a href="vtab.html#xcreate">xCreate</a> method is NULL.
The <a href="vtab.html#xcreate">xCreate</a> method is called when a virtual table is first created
using the <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statement. The <a href="vtab.html#xconnect">xConnect</a> method whenever
a database connection attaches to or reparses a schema. When these two methods
are the same, that indicates that the virtual table has no persistent
state that needs to be created and destroyed.
<a name="epoonlyvtab"></a>
</p><h3 id="eponymous_only_virtual_tables"><span>1.1.3. </span>Eponymous-only virtual tables</h3>
<p>If the <a href="vtab.html#xcreate">xCreate</a> method is NULL, then
<a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statements are prohibited for that virtual table,
and the virtual table is an "eponymous-only virtual table".
Eponymous-only virtual tables are useful as
<a href="vtab.html#tabfunc2">table-valued functions</a>.
</p><p>
Note that SQLite versions prior to 3.9.0 did not check the xCreate method
for NULL before invoking it. So if an eponymous-only virtual table is
registered with SQLite version 3.8.11.1 or earlier and a <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a>
command is attempted against that virtual table module, a jump to a NULL
pointer will occur, resulting in a crash.
</p><h2 id="implementation"><span>1.2. </span>Implementation</h2>
<p>Several new C-level objects are used by the virtual table implementation:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
</pre></div>
<p>The <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a> structure defines a module object used to implement
a virtual table. Think of a module as a class from which one can
construct multiple virtual tables having similar properties. For example,
one might have a module that provides read-only access to
comma-separated-value (CSV) files on disk. That one module can then be
used to create several virtual tables where each virtual table refers
to a different CSV file.
</p><p>The module structure contains methods that are invoked by SQLite to
perform various actions on the virtual table such as creating new
instances of a virtual table or destroying old ones, reading and
writing data, searching for and deleting, updating, or inserting rows.
The module structure is explained in more detail below.
</p><p>Each virtual table instance is represented by an <a href="c3ref/vtab.html">sqlite3_vtab</a> structure.
The sqlite3_vtab structure looks like this:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>struct sqlite3_vtab {
const sqlite3_module *pModule;
int nRef;
char *zErrMsg;
};
</pre></div>
<p>Virtual table implementations will normally subclass this structure
to add additional private and implementation-specific fields.
The nRef field is used internally by the SQLite core and should not
be altered by the virtual table implementation. The virtual table
implementation may pass error message text to the core by putting
an error message string in zErrMsg.
Space to hold this error message string must be obtained from an
SQLite memory allocation function such as <a href="c3ref/mprintf.html">sqlite3_mprintf()</a> or
<a href="c3ref/free.html">sqlite3_malloc()</a>.
Prior to assigning a new value to zErrMsg, the virtual table
implementation must free any preexisting content of zErrMsg using
<a href="c3ref/free.html">sqlite3_free()</a>. Failure to do this will result in a memory leak.
The SQLite core will free and zero the content of zErrMsg when it
delivers the error message text to the client application or when
it destroys the virtual table. The virtual table implementation only
needs to worry about freeing the zErrMsg content when it overwrites
the content with a new, different error message.
</p><p>The <a href="c3ref/vtab_cursor.html">sqlite3_vtab_cursor</a> structure represents a pointer to a specific
row of a virtual table. This is what an sqlite3_vtab_cursor looks like:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
};
</pre></div>
<p>Once again, practical implementations will likely subclass this
structure to add additional private fields.
</p><p>The <a href="c3ref/index_info.html">sqlite3_index_info</a> structure is used to pass information into
and out of the xBestIndex method of the module that implements a
virtual table.
</p><p>Before a <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statement can be run, the module
specified in that statement must be registered with the database
connection. This is accomplished using either of the <a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module()</a>
or <a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module_v2()</a> interfaces:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>int sqlite3_create_module(
sqlite3 *db, /* SQLite connection to register module with */
const char *zName, /* Name of the module */
const sqlite3_module *, /* Methods for the module */
void * /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
);
int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
sqlite3 *db, /* SQLite connection to register module with */
const char *zName, /* Name of the module */
const sqlite3_module *, /* Methods for the module */
void *, /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
void(*xDestroy)(void*) /* Client data destructor function */
);
</pre></div>
<p>The <a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module()</a> and <a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module_v2()</a>
routines associates a module name with
an <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a> structure and a separate client data that is specific
to each module. The only difference between the two create_module methods
is that the _v2 method includes an extra parameter that specifies a
destructor for client data pointer. The module structure is what defines
the behavior of a virtual table. The module structure looks like this:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>
struct sqlite3_module {
int iVersion;
int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
int argc, char **argv,
sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab,
char **pzErr);
int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
438 439 440 441 442 443 444 |
int (*Rename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
/* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
** below are for version 2 and greater. */
int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
};
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | < | | | | | < | | | | | | | | | | | | < | | | | | | < | | < | | < | | | | | | < | | | | | | | | | < | | < | | 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 |
int (*Rename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
/* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
** below are for version 2 and greater. */
int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
};
</pre></div>
<p>The module structure defines all of the methods for each virtual
table object. The module structure also contains the iVersion field which
defines the particular edition of the module table structure. Currently,
iVersion is always 1, but in future releases of SQLite the module structure
definition might be extended with additional methods and in that case
the iVersion value will be increased.
</p><p>The rest of the module structure consists of methods used to implement
various features of the virtual table. Details on what each of these
methods do are provided in the sequel.
</p><h2 id="virtual_tables_and_shared_cache"><span>1.3. </span>Virtual Tables And Shared Cache</h2>
<p>Prior to SQLite <a href="releaselog/3_6_17.html">version 3.6.17</a>, the virtual table mechanism assumes
that each <a href="c3ref/sqlite3.html">database connection</a> kept
its own copy of the database schema. Hence, the virtual table mechanism
could not be used in a database that has <a href="sharedcache.html">shared cache mode</a> enabled.
The <a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module()</a> interface would return an error if
<a href="sharedcache.html">shared cache mode</a> is enabled. That restriction was relaxed
beginning with SQLite <a href="releaselog/3_6_17.html">version 3.6.17</a>.
</p><h2 id="creating_new_virtual_table_implementations"><span>1.4. </span>Creating New Virtual Table Implementations</h2>
<p>Follow these steps to create your own virtual table:
</p><p>
</p><ol>
<li> Write all necessary methods.
</li><li> Create an instance of the <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a> structure containing pointers
to all the methods from step 1.
</li><li> Register your <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a> structure using one of the
<a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module()</a> or <a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module_v2()</a> interfaces.
</li><li> Run a <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> command that specifies the new module in
the USING clause.
</li></ol>
<p>The only really hard part is step 1. You might want to start with an
existing virtual table implementation and modify it to suit your needs.
There are several virtual table implementations in the SQLite source tree
(for testing purposes). You might use one of those as a guide. Locate
these test virtual table implementations by searching
for "sqlite3_create_module".
</p><p>You might also want to implement your new virtual table as a
<a href="c3ref/load_extension.html">loadable extension</a>.
</p><h1 id="virtual_table_methods"><span>2. </span>Virtual Table Methods</h1>
<a name="xcreate"></a>
<h2 id="the_xcreate_method"><span>2.1. </span>The xCreate Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xCreate)(sqlite3 *db, void *pAux,
int argc, char **argv,
sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab,
char **pzErr);
</pre></div>
<p>The xCreate method is called to create a new instance of a virtual table
in response to a <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statement.
If the xCreate method is the same pointer as the <a href="vtab.html#xconnect">xConnect</a> method, then the
virtual table is an <a href="vtab.html#epovtab">eponymous virtual table</a>.
If the xCreate method is omitted (if it is a NULL pointer) then the virtual
table is an <a href="vtab.html#epoonlyvtab">eponymous-only virtual table</a>.
</p><p>The db parameter is a pointer to the SQLite <a href="c3ref/sqlite3.html">database connection</a> that
is executing the <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statement.
The pAux argument is the copy of the client data pointer that was the
fourth argument to the <a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module()</a> or
<a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module_v2()</a> call that registered the
<a href="c3ref/module.html">virtual table module</a>.
The argv parameter is an array of argc pointers to null terminated strings.
The first string, argv[0], is the name of the module being invoked. The
module name is the name provided as the second argument to
<a href="c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module()</a> and as the argument to the USING clause of the
<a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statement that is running.
The second, argv[1], is the name of the database in which the new virtual table is being created. The database name is "main" for the primary database, or
"temp" for TEMP database, or the name given at the end of the <a href="lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a>
statement for attached databases. The third element of the array, argv[2],
is the name of the new virtual table, as specified following the TABLE
keyword in the <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statement.
If present, the fourth and subsequent strings in the argv[] array report
the arguments to the module name in the <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> statement.
</p><p>The job of this method is to construct the new virtual table object
(an <a href="c3ref/vtab.html">sqlite3_vtab</a> object) and return a pointer to it in *ppVTab.
</p><p>As part of the task of creating a new <a href="c3ref/vtab.html">sqlite3_vtab</a> structure, this
method <u>must</u> invoke <a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a> to tell the SQLite
core about the columns and datatypes in the virtual table.
The <a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a> API has the following prototype:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3 *db, const char *zCreateTable)
</pre></div>
<p>The first argument to <a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a> must be the same
<a href="c3ref/sqlite3.html">database connection</a> pointer as the first parameter to this method.
The second argument to <a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a> must a zero-terminated
UTF-8 string that contains a well-formed <a href="lang_createtable.html">CREATE TABLE</a> statement that
defines the columns in the virtual table and their data types.
The name of the table in this CREATE TABLE statement is ignored,
as are all constraints. Only the column names and datatypes matter.
The CREATE TABLE statement string need not to be
held in persistent memory. The string can be
deallocated and/or reused as soon as the <a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a>
routine returns.
</p><p>The xCreate method need not initialize the pModule, nRef, and zErrMsg
fields of the <a href="c3ref/vtab.html">sqlite3_vtab</a> object. The SQLite core will take care of
that chore.
</p><p>The xCreate should return <a href="rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a> if it is successful in
creating the new virtual table, or <a href="rescode.html#error">SQLITE_ERROR</a> if it is not successful.
If not successful, the <a href="c3ref/vtab.html">sqlite3_vtab</a> structure must not be allocated.
An error message may optionally be returned in *pzErr if unsuccessful.
Space to hold the error message string must be allocated using
an SQLite memory allocation function like
<a href="c3ref/free.html">sqlite3_malloc()</a> or <a href="c3ref/mprintf.html">sqlite3_mprintf()</a> as the SQLite core will
attempt to free the space using <a href="c3ref/free.html">sqlite3_free()</a> after the error has
been reported up to the application.
</p><p>
If the xCreate method is omitted (left as a NULL pointer) then the
virtual table is an <a href="vtab.html#epoonlyvtab">eponymous-only virtual table</a>. New instances of
the virtual table cannot be created using <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> and the
virtual table can only be used via its module name.
Note that SQLite versions prior to 3.9.0 do not understand
eponymous-only virtual tables and will segfault if an attempt is made
to <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> on an eponymous-only virtual table because
the xCreate method was not checked for null.
</p><p>
If the xCreate method is the exact same pointer as the <a href="vtab.html#xconnect">xConnect</a> method,
that indicates that the virtual table does not need to initialize backing
store. Such a virtual table can be used as an <a href="vtab.html#epovtab">eponymous virtual table</a>
or as a named virtual table using <a href="lang_createvtab.html">CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a> or both.
<a name="hiddencol"></a>
</p><h3 id="hidden_columns_in_virtual_tables"><span>2.1.1. </span>Hidden columns in virtual tables</h3>
<p>If a column datatype contains the special keyword "HIDDEN"
(in any combination of upper and lower case letters) then that keyword
it is omitted from the column datatype name and the column is marked
as a hidden column internally.
A hidden column differs from a normal column in three respects:
</p><p>
</p><ul>
<li> Hidden columns are not listed in the dataset returned by
"<a href="pragma.html#pragma_table_info">PRAGMA table_info</a>",
</li><li> Hidden columns are not included in the expansion of a "*"
expression in the result set of a <a href="lang_select.html">SELECT</a>, and
</li><li> Hidden columns are not included in the implicit column-list
used by an <a href="lang_insert.html">INSERT</a> statement that lacks an explicit column-list.
</li></ul>
<p>For example, if the following SQL is passed to <a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a>:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>CREATE TABLE x(a HIDDEN VARCHAR(12), b INTEGER, c INTEGER Hidden);
</pre></div>
<p>Then the virtual table would be created with two hidden columns,
and with datatypes of "VARCHAR(12)" and "INTEGER".
</p><p>An example use of hidden columns can be seen in the <a href="fts3.html">FTS3</a> virtual
table implementation, where every FTS virtual table
contains an <a href="fts3.html#hiddencol">FTS hidden column</a> that is used to pass information from the
virtual table into <a href="fts3.html#snippet">FTS auxiliary functions</a> and to the <a href="fts3.html#full_text_index_queries">FTS MATCH</a> operator.
<a name="tabfunc2"></a>
</p><h3 id="table_valued_functions"><span>2.1.2. </span>Table-valued functions</h3>
<p>A <a href="vtab.html">virtual table</a> that contains <a href="vtab.html#hiddencol">hidden columns</a> can be used like
a table-valued function in the FROM clause of a <a href="lang_select.html">SELECT</a> statement.
The arguments to the table-valued function become constraints on
the HIDDEN columns of the virtual table.
</p><p>For example, the "generate_series" extension (located in the
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=ext/misc/series.c">ext/misc/series.c</a>
file in the <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/tree?ci=trunk">source tree</a>)
implements an <a href="vtab.html#epovtab">eponymous virtual table</a> with the following schema:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>CREATE TABLE generate_series(
value,
start HIDDEN,
stop HIDDEN,
step HIDDEN
);
</pre></div>
<p>The <a href="vtab.html#xbestindex">sqlite3_module.xBestIndex</a> method in the implementation of this
table checks for equality constraints against the HIDDEN columns, and uses
those as input parameters to determine the range of integer "value" outputs
to generate. Reasonable defaults are used for any unconstrained columns.
For example, to list all integers between 5 and 50:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>SELECT value FROM generate_series(5,50);
</pre></div>
<p>The previous query is equivalent to the following:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>SELECT value FROM generate_series WHERE start=5 AND stop=50;
</pre></div>
<p>Arguments on the virtual table name are matched to <a href="vtab.html#hiddencol">hidden columns</a>
in order. The number of arguments can be less than the
number of hidden columns, in which case the latter hidden columns are
unconstrained. However, an error results if there are more arguments
than there are hidden columns in the virtual table.
<a name="worid"></a>
</p><h3 id="_without_rowid_virtual_tables_"><span>2.1.3. </span> WITHOUT ROWID Virtual Tables </h3>
<p>Beginning with SQLite <a href="releaselog/3_14.html">version 3.14.0</a>, the CREATE TABLE statement that
is passed into <a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a> may contain a <a href="withoutrowid.html">WITHOUT ROWID</a> clause.
This is useful for cases where the virtual table rows
cannot easily be mapped into unique integers. A CREATE TABLE
statement that includes WITHOUT ROWID must define one or more columns as
the PRIMARY KEY. Every column of the PRIMARY KEY must individually be
NOT NULL and all columns for each row must be collectively unique.
</p><p>Note that SQLite does not enforce the PRIMARY KEY for a WITHOUT ROWID
virtual table. Enforcement is the responsibility of the underlying
virtual table implementation. But SQLite does assume that the PRIMARY KEY
constraint is valid - that the identified columns really are UNIQUE and
NOT NULL - and it uses that assumption to optimize queries against the
virtual table.
</p><p>The rowid column is not accessible on a
WITHOUT ROWID virtual table (of course). Furthermore, since the
<a href="vtab.html#xupdate">xUpdate</a> method depends on having a valid rowid, the <a href="vtab.html#xupdate">xUpdate</a> method
must be NULL for a WITHOUT ROWID virtual table. That in turn means that
WITHOUT ROWID virtual tables must be read-only.
<a name="xconnect"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xconnect_method"><span>2.2. </span>The xConnect Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
int argc, char **argv,
sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab,
char **pzErr);
</pre></div>
<p>The xConnect method is very similar to <a href="vtab.html#xcreate">xCreate</a>.
It has the same parameters and constructs a new <a href="c3ref/vtab.html">sqlite3_vtab</a> structure
just like xCreate.
And it must also call <a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a> like xCreate.
</p><p>The difference is that xConnect is called to establish a new
connection to an existing virtual table whereas xCreate is called
to create a new virtual table from scratch.
</p><p>The xCreate and xConnect methods are only different when the
virtual table has some kind of backing store that must be initialized
the first time the virtual table is created. The xCreate method creates
and initializes the backing store. The xConnect method just connects
to an existing backing store. When xCreate and xConnect are the same,
the table is an <a href="vtab.html#epovtab">eponymous virtual table</a>.
</p><p>As an example, consider a virtual table implementation that
provides read-only access to existing comma-separated-value (CSV)
files on disk. There is no backing store that needs to be created
or initialized for such a virtual table (since the CSV files already
exist on disk) so the xCreate and xConnect methods will be identical
for that module.
</p><p>Another example is a virtual table that implements a full-text index.
The xCreate method must create and initialize data structures to hold
the dictionary and posting lists for that index. The xConnect method,
on the other hand, only has to locate and use an existing dictionary
and posting lists that were created by a prior xCreate call.
</p><p>The xConnect method must return <a href="rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a> if it is successful
in creating the new virtual table, or <a href="rescode.html#error">SQLITE_ERROR</a> if it is not
successful. If not successful, the <a href="c3ref/vtab.html">sqlite3_vtab</a> structure must not be
allocated. An error message may optionally be returned in *pzErr if
unsuccessful.
Space to hold the error message string must be allocated using
an SQLite memory allocation function like
<a href="c3ref/free.html">sqlite3_malloc()</a> or <a href="c3ref/mprintf.html">sqlite3_mprintf()</a> as the SQLite core will
attempt to free the space using <a href="c3ref/free.html">sqlite3_free()</a> after the error has
been reported up to the application.
</p><p>The xConnect method is required for every virtual table implementation,
though the <a href="vtab.html#xcreate">xCreate</a> and xConnect pointers of the <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a> object
may point to the same function if the virtual table does not need to
initialize backing store.
<a name="xbestindex"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xbestindex_method"><span>2.3. </span>The xBestIndex Method</h2>
<p>SQLite uses the xBestIndex method of a virtual table module to determine
the best way to access the virtual table.
The xBestIndex method has a prototype like this:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
</pre></div>
<p>The SQLite core communicates with the xBestIndex method by filling
in certain fields of the <a href="c3ref/index_info.html">sqlite3_index_info</a> structure and passing a
pointer to that structure into xBestIndex as the second parameter.
The xBestIndex method fills out other fields of this structure which
forms the reply. The <a href="c3ref/index_info.html">sqlite3_index_info</a> structure looks like this:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>struct sqlite3_index_info {
/* Inputs */
const int nConstraint; /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
const struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
int iColumn; /* Column constrained. -1 for ROWID */
unsigned char op; /* Constraint operator */
unsigned char usable; /* True if this constraint is usable */
int iTermOffset; /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
791 792 793 794 795 796 797 |
<b>/* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */</b>
sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows; /* Estimated number of rows returned */
<b>/* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */</b>
int idxFlags; /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
<b>/* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */</b>
sqlite3_uint64 colUsed; /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
};
| | | < | | | | | | | | | | < | | < | | < | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | < | | | | | < | | | | | < | | | | | | | | < | | | | | < | | | | < | | | | | | | < | | | | | < | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | < | | | < | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | < | | | | | | < | | | | < | | | | < | | | | < | | | | < | | | | < | | | 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 |
<b>/* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */</b>
sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows; /* Estimated number of rows returned */
<b>/* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */</b>
int idxFlags; /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
<b>/* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */</b>
sqlite3_uint64 colUsed; /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
};
</pre></div>
<p>Note the warnings on the "estimatedRows", "idxFlags", and colUsed fields.
These fields were added with SQLite versions 3.8.2, 3.9.0, and 3.10.0, respectively.
Any extension that reads or writes these fields must first check that the
version of the SQLite library in use is greater than or equal to appropriate
version - perhaps comparing the value returned from <a href="c3ref/libversion.html">sqlite3_libversion_number()</a>
against constants 3008002, 3009000, and/or 3010000. The result of attempting
to access these fields in an sqlite3_index_info structure created by an
older version of SQLite are undefined.
</p><p>In addition, there are some defined constants:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ 2
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT 4
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE 8
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT 16
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE 32
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE 65 /* 3.10.0 and later only */
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB 66 /* 3.10.0 and later only */
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67 /* 3.10.0 and later only */
#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE 1 /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
</pre></div>
<p>The SQLite core calls the xBestIndex method when it is compiling a query
that involves a virtual table. In other words, SQLite calls this method
when it is running <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare()</a> or the equivalent.
By calling this method, the
SQLite core is saying to the virtual table that it needs to access
some subset of the rows in the virtual table and it wants to know the
most efficient way to do that access. The xBestIndex method replies
with information that the SQLite core can then use to conduct an
efficient search of the virtual table.
</p><p>While compiling a single SQL query, the SQLite core might call
xBestIndex multiple times with different settings in <a href="c3ref/index_info.html">sqlite3_index_info</a>.
The SQLite core will then select the combination that appears to
give the best performance.
</p><p>Before calling this method, the SQLite core initializes an instance
of the <a href="c3ref/index_info.html">sqlite3_index_info</a> structure with information about the
query that it is currently trying to process. This information
derives mainly from the WHERE clause and ORDER BY or GROUP BY clauses
of the query, but also from any ON or USING clauses if the query is a
join. The information that the SQLite core provides to the xBestIndex
method is held in the part of the structure that is marked as "Inputs".
The "Outputs" section is initialized to zero.
</p><p>The information in the <a href="c3ref/index_info.html">sqlite3_index_info</a> structure is ephemeral
and may be overwritten or deallocated as soon as the xBestIndex method
returns. If the xBestIndex method needs to remember any part of the
<a href="c3ref/index_info.html">sqlite3_index_info</a> structure, it should make a copy. Care must be
take to store the copy in a place where it will be deallocated, such
as in the idxStr field with needToFreeIdxStr set to 1.
</p><p>Note that xBestIndex will always be called before <a href="vtab.html#xfilter">xFilter</a>, since
the idxNum and idxStr outputs from xBestIndex are required inputs to
xFilter. However, there is no guarantee that xFilter will be called
following a successful xBestIndex.
</p><p>The xBestIndex method is required for every virtual table implementation.
</p><h3 id="inputs"><span>2.3.1. </span>Inputs</h3>
<p>The main thing that the SQLite core is trying to communicate to
the virtual table is the constraints that are available to limit
the number of rows that need to be searched. The aConstraint[] array
contains one entry for each constraint. There will be exactly
nConstraint entries in that array.
</p><p>Each constraint will correspond to a term in the WHERE clause
or in a USING or ON clause that is of the form
</p><blockquote>
column OP EXPR
</blockquote>
<p>Where "column" is a column in the virtual table, OP is an operator
like "=" or "<", and EXPR is an arbitrary expression. So, for example,
if the WHERE clause contained a term like this:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>a = 5
</pre></div>
<p>Then one of the constraints would be on the "a" column with
operator "=" and an expression of "5". Constraints need not have a
literal representation of the WHERE clause. The query optimizer might
make transformations to the
WHERE clause in order to extract as many constraints
as it can. So, for example, if the WHERE clause contained something
like this:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>x BETWEEN 10 AND 100 AND 999>y
</pre></div>
<p>The query optimizer might translate this into three separate constraints:
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>x >= 10
x <= 100
y < 999
</pre></div>
<p>For each constraint, the aConstraint[].iColumn field indicates which
column appears on the left-hand side of the constraint.
The first column of the virtual table is column 0.
The rowid of the virtual table is column -1.
The aConstraint[].op field indicates which operator is used.
The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_* constants map integer constants
into operator values.
Columns occur in the order they were defined by the call to
<a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a> in the <a href="vtab.html#xcreate">xCreate</a> or <a href="vtab.html#xconnect">xConnect</a> method.
Hidden columns are counted when determining the column index.
</p><p>The aConstraint[] array contains information about all constraints
that apply to the virtual table. But some of the constraints might
not be usable because of the way tables are ordered in a join.
The xBestIndex method must therefore only consider constraints
that have an aConstraint[].usable flag which is true.
</p><p>In addition to WHERE clause constraints, the SQLite core also
tells the xBestIndex method about the ORDER BY clause.
(In an aggregate query, the SQLite core might put in GROUP BY clause
information in place of the ORDER BY clause information, but this fact
should not make any difference to the xBestIndex method.)
If all terms of the ORDER BY clause are columns in the virtual table,
then nOrderBy will be the number of terms in the ORDER BY clause
and the aOrderBy[] array will identify the column for each term
in the order by clause and whether or not that column is ASC or DESC.
<a name="colUsed"></a>
</p><p>In SQLite version 3.10.0 and later, the colUsed field is available
to indicate which fields of the virtual table are actually used by the
statement being prepared. If the lowest bit of colUsed is set, that
means that the first column is used. The second lowest bit corresponds
to the second column. And so forth. If the most significant bit of
colUsed is set, that means that one or more columns other than the
first 63 columns are used. If column usage information is needed by the
<a href="vtab.html#xfilter">xFilter</a> method, then the required bits must be encoded into either
the idxNum or idxStr output fields.
</p><h3 id="outputs"><span>2.3.2. </span>Outputs</h3>
<p>Given all of the information above, the job of the xBestIndex
method it to figure out the best way to search the virtual table.
</p><p>The xBestIndex method fills the idxNum and idxStr fields with
information that communicates an indexing strategy to the <a href="vtab.html#xfilter">xFilter</a>
method. The information in idxNum and idxStr is arbitrary as far
as the SQLite core is concerned. The SQLite core just copies the
information through to the <a href="vtab.html#xfilter">xFilter</a> method. Any desired meaning can
be assigned to idxNum and idxStr as long as xBestIndex and xFilter
agree on what that meaning is.
</p><p>The idxStr value may be a string obtained from an SQLite
memory allocation function such as <a href="c3ref/mprintf.html">sqlite3_mprintf()</a>.
If this is the case, then the needToFreeIdxStr flag must be set to
true so that the SQLite core will know to call <a href="c3ref/free.html">sqlite3_free()</a> on
that string when it has finished with it, and thus avoid a memory leak.
</p><p>If the virtual table will output rows in the order specified by
the ORDER BY clause, then the orderByConsumed flag may be set to
true. If the output is not automatically in the correct order
then orderByConsumed must be left in its default false setting.
This will indicate to the SQLite core that it will need to do a
separate sorting pass over the data after it comes out of the virtual table.
</p><p>The estimatedCost field should be set to the estimated number
of disk access operations required to execute this query against
the virtual table. The SQLite core will often call xBestIndex
multiple times with different constraints, obtain multiple cost
estimates, then choose the query plan that gives the lowest estimate.
</p><p>If the current version of SQLite is 3.8.2 or greater, the estimatedRows
field may be set to an estimate of the number of rows returned by the
proposed query plan. If this value is not explicitly set, the default
estimate of 25 rows is used.
</p><p>If the current version of SQLite is 3.9.0 or greater, the idxFlags field
may be set to SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE to indicate that the virtual table
will return only zero or one rows given the input constraints. Additional
bits of the idxFlags field might be understood in later versions of SQLite.
</p><p>The aConstraintUsage[] array contains one element for each of
the nConstraint constraints in the inputs section of the
<a href="c3ref/index_info.html">sqlite3_index_info</a> structure.
The aConstraintUsage[] array is used by xBestIndex to tell the
core how it is using the constraints.
</p><p>The xBestIndex method may set aConstraintUsage[].argvIndex
entries to values greater than zero.
Exactly one entry should be set to 1, another to 2, another to 3,
and so forth up to as many or as few as the xBestIndex method wants.
The EXPR of the corresponding constraints will then be passed
in as the argv[] parameters to xFilter.
</p><p>For example, if the aConstraint[3].argvIndex is set to 1, then
when xFilter is called, the argv[0] passed to xFilter will have
the EXPR value of the aConstraint[3] constraint.
</p><p>By default, the SQLite core double checks all constraints on
each row of the virtual table that it receives. If such a check
is redundant, the xBestFilter method can suppress that double-check by
setting aConstraintUsage[].omit.
<a name="xdisconnect"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xdisconnect_method"><span>2.4. </span>The xDisconnect Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
</pre></div>
<p>This method releases a connection to a virtual table.
Only the <a href="c3ref/vtab.html">sqlite3_vtab</a> object is destroyed.
The virtual table is not destroyed and any backing store
associated with the virtual table persists.
This method undoes the work of <a href="vtab.html#xconnect">xConnect</a>.
</p><p>This method is a destructor for a connection to the virtual table.
Contrast this method with <a href="vtab.html#sqlite3_module.xDestroy">xDestroy</a>. The xDestroy is a destructor
for the entire virtual table.
</p><p>The xDisconnect method is required for every virtual table implementation,
though it is acceptable for the xDisconnect and <a href="vtab.html#sqlite3_module.xDestroy">xDestroy</a> methods to be
the same function if that makes sense for the particular virtual table.
<a name="sqlite3_module.xDestroy"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xdestroy_method"><span>2.5. </span>The xDestroy Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
</pre></div>
<p>This method releases a connection to a virtual table, just like
the <a href="vtab.html#xdisconnect">xDisconnect</a> method, and it also destroys the underlying
table implementation. This method undoes the work of <a href="vtab.html#xcreate">xCreate</a>.
</p><p>The <a href="vtab.html#xdisconnect">xDisconnect</a> method is called whenever a database connection
that uses a virtual table is closed. The xDestroy method is only
called when a <a href="lang_droptable.html">DROP TABLE</a> statement is executed against the virtual table.
</p><p>The xDestroy method is required for every virtual table implementation,
though it is acceptable for the <a href="vtab.html#xdisconnect">xDisconnect</a> and xDestroy methods to be
the same function if that makes sense for the particular virtual table.
<a name="xopen"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xopen_method"><span>2.6. </span>The xOpen Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
</pre></div>
<p>The xOpen method creates a new cursor used for accessing (read and/or
writing) a virtual table. A successful invocation of this method
will allocate the memory for the <a href="c3ref/vtab_cursor.html">sqlite3_vtab_cursor</a> (or a subclass),
initialize the new object, and make *ppCursor point to the new object.
The successful call then returns <a href="rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a>.
</p><p>For every successful call to this method, the SQLite core will
later invoke the <a href="vtab.html#xclose">xClose</a> method to destroy
the allocated cursor.
</p><p>The xOpen method need not initialize the pVtab field of the
<a href="c3ref/vtab_cursor.html">sqlite3_vtab_cursor</a> structure. The SQLite core will take care
of that chore automatically.
</p><p>A virtual table implementation must be able to support an arbitrary
number of simultaneously open cursors.
</p><p>When initially opened, the cursor is in an undefined state.
The SQLite core will invoke the <a href="vtab.html#xfilter">xFilter</a> method
on the cursor prior to any attempt to position or read from the cursor.
</p><p>The xOpen method is required for every virtual table implementation.
<a name="xclose"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xclose_method"><span>2.7. </span>The xClose Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
</pre></div>
<p>The xClose method closes a cursor previously opened by
<a href="vtab.html#xopen">xOpen</a>.
The SQLite core will always call xClose once for each cursor opened
using xOpen.
</p><p>This method must release all resources allocated by the
corresponding xOpen call. The routine will not be called again even if it
returns an error. The SQLite core will not use the
<a href="c3ref/vtab_cursor.html">sqlite3_vtab_cursor</a> again after it has been closed.
</p><p>The xClose method is required for every virtual table implementation.
<a name="xeof"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xeof_method"><span>2.8. </span>The xEof Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
</pre></div>
<p>The xEof method must return false (zero) if the specified cursor
currently points to a valid row of data, or true (non-zero) otherwise.
This method is called by the SQL engine immediately after each
<a href="vtab.html#xfilter">xFilter</a> and <a href="vtab.html#xnext">xNext</a> invocation.
</p><p>The xEof method is required for every virtual table implementation.
<a name="xfilter"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xfilter_method"><span>2.9. </span>The xFilter Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
</pre></div>
<p>This method begins a search of a virtual table.
The first argument is a cursor opened by <a href="vtab.html#xopen">xOpen</a>.
The next two arguments define a particular search index previously
chosen by <a href="vtab.html#xbestindex">xBestIndex</a>. The specific meanings of idxNum and idxStr
are unimportant as long as xFilter and xBestIndex agree on what
that meaning is.
</p><p>The xBestIndex function may have requested the values of
certain expressions using the aConstraintUsage[].argvIndex values
of the <a href="c3ref/index_info.html">sqlite3_index_info</a> structure.
Those values are passed to xFilter using the argc and argv parameters.
</p><p>If the virtual table contains one or more rows that match the
search criteria, then the cursor must be left point at the first row.
Subsequent calls to <a href="vtab.html#xeof">xEof</a> must return false (zero).
If there are no rows match, then the cursor must be left in a state
that will cause the <a href="vtab.html#xeof">xEof</a> to return true (non-zero).
The SQLite engine will use
the <a href="vtab.html#xcolumn">xColumn</a> and <a href="vtab.html#xrowid">xRowid</a> methods to access that row content.
The <a href="vtab.html#xnext">xNext</a> method will be used to advance to the next row.
</p><p>This method must return <a href="rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a> if successful, or an sqlite
<a href="rescode.html">error code</a> if an error occurs.
</p><p>The xFilter method is required for every virtual table implementation.
<a name="xnext"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xnext_method"><span>2.10. </span>The xNext Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
</pre></div>
<p>The xNext method advances a <a href="c3ref/vtab_cursor.html">virtual table cursor</a>
to the next row of a result set initiated by <a href="vtab.html#xfilter">xFilter</a>.
If the cursor is already pointing at the last row when this
routine is called, then the cursor no longer points to valid
data and a subsequent call to the <a href="vtab.html#xeof">xEof</a> method must return true (non-zero).
If the cursor is successfully advanced to another row of content, then
subsequent calls to <a href="vtab.html#xeof">xEof</a> must return false (zero).
</p><p>This method must return <a href="rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a> if successful, or an sqlite
<a href="rescode.html">error code</a> if an error occurs.
</p><p>The xNext method is required for every virtual table implementation.
<a name="xcolumn"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xcolumn_method"><span>2.11. </span>The xColumn Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int N);
</pre></div>
<p>The SQLite core invokes this method in order to find the value for
the N-th column of the current row. N is zero-based so the first column
is numbered 0.
The xColumn method may return its result back to SQLite using one of the
following interface:
</p><p>
</p><ul>
<li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_blob()</a>
</li><li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_double()</a>
</li><li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_int()</a>
</li><li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_int64()</a>
</li><li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_null()</a>
</li><li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_text()</a>
</li><li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_text16()</a>
</li><li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_text16le()</a>
</li><li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_text16be()</a>
</li><li> <a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_zeroblob()</a>
</li></ul>
<p>If the xColumn method implementation calls none of the functions above,
then the value of the column defaults to an SQL NULL.
</p><p>To raise an error, the xColumn method should use one of the result_text()
methods to set the error message text, then return an appropriate
<a href="rescode.html">error code</a>. The xColumn method must return <a href="rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a> on success.
</p><p>The xColumn method is required for every virtual table implementation.
<a name="xrowid"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xrowid_method"><span>2.12. </span>The xRowid Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid);
</pre></div>
<p>A successful invocation of this method will cause *pRowid to be
filled with the <a href="lang_createtable.html#rowid">rowid</a> of row that the
<a href="c3ref/vtab_cursor.html">virtual table cursor</a> pCur is currently pointing at.
This method returns <a href="rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a> on success.
It returns an appropriate <a href="rescode.html">error code</a> on failure.</p>
<p>The xRowid method is required for every virtual table implementation.
<a name="xupdate"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xupdate_method"><span>2.13. </span>The xUpdate Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xUpdate)(
sqlite3_vtab *pVTab,
int argc,
sqlite3_value **argv,
sqlite_int64 *pRowid
);
</pre></div>
<p>All changes to a virtual table are made using the xUpdate method.
This one method can be used to insert, delete, or update.
</p><p>The argc parameter specifies the number of entries in the argv array.
The value of argc will be 1 for a pure delete operation or N+2 for an insert
or replace or update where N is the number of columns in the table.
In the previous sentence, N includes any hidden columns.
</p><p>Every argv entry will have a non-NULL value in C but may contain the
SQL value NULL. In other words, it is always true that
<tt>argv[i]!=0</tt> for <b>i</b> between 0 and <tt>argc-1</tt>.
However, it might be the case that
<tt>sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])==SQLITE_NULL</tt>.
</p><p>The argv[0] parameter is the <a href="lang_createtable.html#rowid">rowid</a> of a row in the virtual table
to be deleted. If argv[0] is an SQL NULL, then no deletion occurs.
</p><p>The argv[1] parameter is the rowid of a new row to be inserted
into the virtual table. If argv[1] is an SQL NULL, then the implementation
must choose a rowid for the newly inserted row. Subsequent argv[]
entries contain values of the columns of the virtual table, in the
order that the columns were declared. The number of columns will
match the table declaration that the <a href="vtab.html#xconnect">xConnect</a> or <a href="vtab.html#xcreate">xCreate</a> method made
using the <a href="c3ref/declare_vtab.html">sqlite3_declare_vtab()</a> call. All hidden columns are included.
</p><p>When doing an insert without a rowid (argc>1, argv[1] is an SQL NULL), the
implementation must set *pRowid to the rowid of the newly inserted row;
this will become the value returned by the <a href="c3ref/last_insert_rowid.html">sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()</a>
function. Setting this value in all the other cases is a harmless no-op;
the SQLite engine ignores the *pRowid return value if argc==1 or
argv[1] is not an SQL NULL.
</p><p>Each call to xUpdate will fall into one of cases shown below.
Not that references to <b>argv[i]</b> mean the SQL value
held within the argv[i] object, not the argv[i]
object itself.
</p><blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><b>argc = 1</b>
</dt><dd><p>The single row with rowid equal to argv[0] is deleted. No insert occurs.
</p></dd><dt><b>argc > 1 <br> argv[0] = NULL</br></b>
</dt><dd><p>A new row is inserted with a rowid argv[1] and column values in
argv[2] and following. If argv[1] is an SQL NULL,
the a new unique rowid is generated automatically.
</p></dd><dt><b>argc > 1 <br> argv[0] ≠ NULL </br><br> argv[0] = argv[1]</br></b>
</dt><dd><p>The row with rowid argv[0] is updated with new values
in argv[2] and following parameters.
</p></dd><dt><b>argc > 1 <br> argv[0] ≠ NULL </br><br> argv[0] ≠ argv[1]</br></b>
</dt><dd><p> The row with rowid argv[0] is updated with rowid argv[1]
and new values in argv[2] and following parameters. This will occur
when an SQL statement updates a rowid, as in the statement:
</p><blockquote>
<a href="lang_update.html">UPDATE</a> table SET rowid=rowid+1 WHERE ...;
</blockquote>
</dd></dl>
</blockquote>
<p>The xUpdate method must return <a href="rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a> if and only if it is
successful. If a failure occurs, the xUpdate must return an appropriate
<a href="rescode.html">error code</a>. On a failure, the pVTab->zErrMsg element may optionally
be replaced with error message text stored in memory allocated from SQLite
using functions such as <a href="c3ref/mprintf.html">sqlite3_mprintf()</a> or <a href="c3ref/free.html">sqlite3_malloc()</a>.
</p><p>If the xUpdate method violates some constraint of the virtual table
(including, but not limited to, attempting to store a value of the wrong
datatype, attempting to store a value that is too
large or too small, or attempting to change a read-only value) then the
xUpdate must fail with an appropriate <a href="rescode.html">error code</a>.
</p><p>There might be one or more <a href="c3ref/vtab_cursor.html">sqlite3_vtab_cursor</a> objects open and in use
on the virtual table instance and perhaps even on the row of the virtual
table when the xUpdate method is invoked. The implementation of
xUpdate must be prepared for attempts to delete or modify rows of the table
out from other existing cursors. If the virtual table cannot accommodate
such changes, the xUpdate method must return an <a href="rescode.html">error code</a>.
</p><p>The xUpdate method is optional.
If the xUpdate pointer in the <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a> for a virtual table
is a NULL pointer, then the virtual table is read-only.
<a name="xfindfunction"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xfindfunction_method"><span>2.14. </span>The xFindFunction Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xFindFunction)(
sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,
int nArg,
const char *zName,
void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
void **ppArg
);
</pre></div>
<p>This method is called during <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare()</a> to give the virtual
table implementation an opportunity to overload functions.
This method may be set to NULL in which case no overloading occurs.
</p><p>When a function uses a column from a virtual table as its first
argument, this method is called to see if the virtual table would
like to overload the function. The first three parameters are inputs:
the virtual table, the number of arguments to the function, and the
name of the function. If no overloading is desired, this method
returns 0. To overload the function, this method writes the new
function implementation into *pxFunc and writes user data into *ppArg
and returns 1.
</p><p>Note that infix functions (<a href="lang_expr.html#like">LIKE</a>, <a href="lang_expr.html#glob">GLOB</a>, <a href="lang_expr.html#regexp">REGEXP</a>, and <a href="lang_expr.html#match">MATCH</a>) reverse
the order of their arguments. So "like(A,B)" is equivalent to "B like A".
For the form "B like A" the B term is considered the first argument
to the function. But for "like(A,B)" the A term is considered the
first argument.
</p><p>The function pointer returned by this routine must be valid for
the lifetime of the <a href="c3ref/vtab.html">sqlite3_vtab</a> object given in the first parameter.
<a name="xBegin"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xbegin_method"><span>2.15. </span>The xBegin Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
</pre></div>
<p>This method begins a transaction on a virtual table.
This is method is optional. The xBegin pointer of <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a>
may be NULL.
</p><p>This method is always followed by one call to either the
<a href="vtab.html#xcommit">xCommit</a> or <a href="vtab.html#xrollback">xRollback</a> method. Virtual table transactions do
not nest, so the xBegin method will not be invoked more than once
on a single virtual table
without an intervening call to either <a href="vtab.html#xcommit">xCommit</a> or <a href="vtab.html#xrollback">xRollback</a>.
Multiple calls to other methods can and likely will occur in between
the xBegin and the corresponding <a href="vtab.html#xcommit">xCommit</a> or <a href="vtab.html#xrollback">xRollback</a>.
<a name="xsync"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xsync_method"><span>2.16. </span>The xSync Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
</pre></div>
<p>This method signals the start of a two-phase commit on a virtual
table.
This is method is optional. The xSync pointer of <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a>
may be NULL.
</p><p>This method is only invoked after call to the <a href="vtab.html#xBegin">xBegin</a> method and
prior to an <a href="vtab.html#xcommit">xCommit</a> or <a href="vtab.html#xrollback">xRollback</a>. In order to implement two-phase
commit, the xSync method on all virtual tables is invoked prior to
invoking the <a href="vtab.html#xcommit">xCommit</a> method on any virtual table. If any of the
xSync methods fail, the entire transaction is rolled back.
<a name="xcommit"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xcommit_method"><span>2.17. </span>The xCommit Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
</pre></div>
<p>This method causes a virtual table transaction to commit.
This is method is optional. The xCommit pointer of <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a>
may be NULL.
</p><p>A call to this method always follows a prior call to <a href="vtab.html#xBegin">xBegin</a> and
<a href="vtab.html#xsync">xSync</a>.
<a name="xrollback"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xrollback_method"><span>2.18. </span>The xRollback Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
</pre></div>
<p>This method causes a virtual table transaction to rollback.
This is method is optional. The xRollback pointer of <a href="c3ref/module.html">sqlite3_module</a>
may be NULL.
</p><p>A call to this method always follows a prior call to <a href="vtab.html#xBegin">xBegin</a>.
<a name="xrename"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xrename_method"><span>2.19. </span>The xRename Method</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
</pre></div>
<p>This method provides notification that the virtual table implementation
that the virtual table will be given a new name.
If this method returns <a href="rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a> then SQLite renames the table.
If this method returns an <a href="rescode.html">error code</a> then the renaming is prevented.
</p><p>The xRename method is required for every virtual table implementation.
<a name="xsavepoint"></a>
</p><h2 id="the_xsavepoint_xrelease_and_xrollbackto_methods"><span>2.20. </span>The xSavepoint, xRelease, and xRollbackTo Methods</h2>
<div class="codeblock"><pre>int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int);
int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int);
int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int);
</pre></div>
<p>
These methods provide the virtual table implementation an opportunity to
implement nested transactions. They are always optional and will only be
called in SQLite <a href="releaselog/3_7_7.html">version 3.7.7</a> and later.
</p>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to Doc/sync.eagle.
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 |
[file join lang_savepoint.html] \
[file join lang_select.html] \
[file join lang_transaction.html] \
[file join lang_update.html] \
[file join lang_vacuum.html] \
[file join lang_with.html] \
[file join pragma.html] \
[file join syntax.html] \
[file join syntaxdiagrams.html] \
[file join vtab.html] \
[file join images sqlite370_banner.gif] \
[file join images syntax alter-table-stmt.gif] \
[file join images syntax analyze-stmt.gif] \
[file join images syntax attach-stmt.gif] \
| > | 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 |
[file join lang_savepoint.html] \
[file join lang_select.html] \
[file join lang_transaction.html] \
[file join lang_update.html] \
[file join lang_vacuum.html] \
[file join lang_with.html] \
[file join pragma.html] \
[file join sqlite.css] \
[file join syntax.html] \
[file join syntaxdiagrams.html] \
[file join vtab.html] \
[file join images sqlite370_banner.gif] \
[file join images syntax alter-table-stmt.gif] \
[file join images syntax analyze-stmt.gif] \
[file join images syntax attach-stmt.gif] \
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
199 200 201 202 203 204 205 |
[file join $directory [file tail $fileName]]]
if {$verbose} then {
puts -nonewline stdout [appendArgs \
"Downloading \"" $uri "\" to \"" $fileName "\"... "]
}
| | | 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 |
[file join $directory [file tail $fileName]]]
if {$verbose} then {
puts -nonewline stdout [appendArgs \
"Downloading \"" $uri "\" to \"" $fileName "\"... "]
}
catch {file delete $fileName}
uri download $uri $fileName
if {$verbose} then {
puts stdout <Ok>
}
}
|
Changes to Setup/data/verify.lst.
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 | Doc/Extra/Core/lang_savepoint.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_select.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_transaction.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_update.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_vacuum.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_with.html Doc/Extra/Core/pragma.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/ Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/alter-table-stmt.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/analyze-stmt.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/attach-stmt.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/begin-stmt.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/column-constraint.html | > | 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 | Doc/Extra/Core/lang_savepoint.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_select.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_transaction.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_update.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_vacuum.html Doc/Extra/Core/lang_with.html Doc/Extra/Core/pragma.html Doc/Extra/Core/sqlite.css Doc/Extra/Core/syntax.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/ Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/alter-table-stmt.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/analyze-stmt.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/attach-stmt.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/begin-stmt.html Doc/Extra/Core/syntax/column-constraint.html |
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to System.Data.SQLite/ISQLiteNativeModule.cs.
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
114 115 116 117 118 119 120 |
/// as a hidden column internally.
/// A hidden column differs from a normal column in three respects:
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// <![CDATA[<ul>]]>
/// <![CDATA[<li>]]> Hidden columns are not listed in the dataset returned by
/// "PRAGMA table_info",
| | | | | 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 |
/// as a hidden column internally.
/// A hidden column differs from a normal column in three respects:
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// <![CDATA[<ul>]]>
/// <![CDATA[<li>]]> Hidden columns are not listed in the dataset returned by
/// "PRAGMA table_info",
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> Hidden columns are not included in the expansion of a "*"
/// expression in the result set of a SELECT, and
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> Hidden columns are not included in the implicit column-list
/// used by an INSERT statement that lacks an explicit column-list.
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[</ul>]]>
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// For example, if the following SQL is passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab():
/// </para>
/// <para><code>
/// CREATE TABLE x(a HIDDEN VARCHAR(12), b INTEGER, c INTEGER Hidden);
/// </code></para>
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
373 374 375 376 377 378 379 |
/// const int nOrderBy; /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
/// const struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
/// int iColumn; /* Column number */
/// unsigned char desc; /* True for DESC. False for ASC. */
/// } *const aOrderBy; /* The ORDER BY clause */
/// /* Outputs */
/// struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
| | | 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 |
/// const int nOrderBy; /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
/// const struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
/// int iColumn; /* Column number */
/// unsigned char desc; /* True for DESC. False for ASC. */
/// } *const aOrderBy; /* The ORDER BY clause */
/// /* Outputs */
/// struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
/// int argvIndex; /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
/// unsigned char omit; /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
/// } *const aConstraintUsage;
/// int idxNum; /* Number used to identify the index */
/// char *idxStr; /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
/// int needToFreeIdxStr; /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
/// int orderByConsumed; /* True if output is already ordered */
/// double estimatedCost; /* Estimated cost of using this index */
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
921 922 923 924 925 926 927 |
/// is numbered 0.
/// The xColumn method may return its result back to SQLite using one of the
/// following interface:
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// <![CDATA[<ul>]]>
/// <![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_blob()
| | | | | | | | | | | | 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 |
/// is numbered 0.
/// The xColumn method may return its result back to SQLite using one of the
/// following interface:
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// <![CDATA[<ul>]]>
/// <![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_blob()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_double()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_int()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_int64()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_null()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_text()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_text16()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_text16le()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_text16be()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[<li>]]> sqlite3_result_zeroblob()
/// <![CDATA[</li>]]><![CDATA[</ul>]]>
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// If the xColumn method implementation calls none of the functions above,
/// then the value of the column defaults to an SQL NULL.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// To raise an error, the xColumn method should use one of the result_text()
|
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 |
/// Not that references to <![CDATA[<b>]]>argv[i]<![CDATA[</b>]]> mean the SQL value
/// held within the argv[i] object, not the argv[i]
/// object itself.
/// </para>
/// <para><code>
/// <![CDATA[<dl>]]>
/// <![CDATA[<dt>]]><![CDATA[<b>]]>argc = 1<![CDATA[</b>]]>
| | | | | | | | | | 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 |
/// Not that references to <![CDATA[<b>]]>argv[i]<![CDATA[</b>]]> mean the SQL value
/// held within the argv[i] object, not the argv[i]
/// object itself.
/// </para>
/// <para><code>
/// <![CDATA[<dl>]]>
/// <![CDATA[<dt>]]><![CDATA[<b>]]>argc = 1<![CDATA[</b>]]>
/// <![CDATA[</dt>]]><![CDATA[<dd>]]>The single row with rowid equal to argv[0] is deleted. No insert occurs.
/// <![CDATA[</dd>]]><![CDATA[<dt>]]><![CDATA[<b>]]>argc > 1 <![CDATA[<br>]]> argv[0] = NULL</br><![CDATA[</b>]]>
/// <![CDATA[</dt>]]><![CDATA[<dd>]]>A new row is inserted with a rowid argv[1] and column values in
/// argv[2] and following. If argv[1] is an SQL NULL,
/// the a new unique rowid is generated automatically.
/// <![CDATA[</dd>]]><![CDATA[<dt>]]><![CDATA[<b>]]>argc > 1 <![CDATA[<br>]]> argv[0] ≠ NULL </br><![CDATA[<br>]]> argv[0] = argv[1]</br><![CDATA[</b>]]>
/// <![CDATA[</dt>]]><![CDATA[<dd>]]>The row with rowid argv[0] is updated with new values
/// in argv[2] and following parameters.
/// <![CDATA[</dd>]]><![CDATA[<dt>]]><![CDATA[<b>]]>argc > 1 <![CDATA[<br>]]> argv[0] ≠ NULL </br><![CDATA[<br>]]> argv[0] ≠ argv[1]</br><![CDATA[</b>]]>
/// <![CDATA[</dt>]]><![CDATA[<dd>]]> The row with rowid argv[0] is updated with rowid argv[1]
/// and new values in argv[2] and following parameters. This will occur
/// when an SQL statement updates a rowid, as in the statement:
/// <para><code>
/// UPDATE table SET rowid=rowid+1 WHERE ...;
/// </code></para>
/// <![CDATA[</dd>]]><![CDATA[</dl>]]>
/// </code></para>
/// <para>
/// The xUpdate method must return SQLITE_OK if and only if it is
/// successful. If a failure occurs, the xUpdate must return an appropriate
/// error code. On a failure, the pVTab->zErrMsg element may optionally
/// be replaced with error message text stored in memory allocated from SQLite
/// using functions such as sqlite3_mprintf() or sqlite3_malloc().
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to readme.htm.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> ADO.NET SQLite Data Provider<br /> Version 1.0.103.0 - September XX, 2016 <font color="red">(release scheduled)</font><br /> | | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> ADO.NET SQLite Data Provider<br /> Version 1.0.103.0 - September XX, 2016 <font color="red">(release scheduled)</font><br /> Using <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_14_2.html">SQLite 3.14.2</a><br /> Originally written by Robert Simpson<br /> Released to the public domain, use at your own risk!<br /> Official provider website: <a href="https://system.data.sqlite.org/">https://system.data.sqlite.org/</a><br /> Legacy versions: <a href="http://sqlite.phxsoftware.com/">http://sqlite.phxsoftware.com/</a><br /> <br /> The current development version can be downloaded from <a href="https://system.data.sqlite.org/index.html/timeline?y=ci"> https://system.data.sqlite.org/index.html/timeline?y=ci</a> |
| ︙ | ︙ | |||
208 209 210 211 212 213 214 |
<h2><b>Version History</b></h2>
<p>
<b>1.0.103.0 - September XX, 2016 <font color="red">(release scheduled)</font></b>
</p>
<ul>
| | | 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 |
<h2><b>Version History</b></h2>
<p>
<b>1.0.103.0 - September XX, 2016 <font color="red">(release scheduled)</font></b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>Updated to <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_14_2.html">SQLite 3.14.2</a>.</li>
<li>Add preliminary support for the .NET Framework 4.6.2.</li>
<li>Change the SQLiteReadValueCallback delegate "eventArgs" parameter to be of type SQLiteReadEventArgs. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Make SQLiteReadValueEventArgs and SQLiteReadArrayEventArgs derive from SQLiteReadEventArgs. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Rename SQLiteReadValueEventArgs.ArrayEventArgs property to ExtraEventArgs. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Add No_SQLiteGetSettingValue and No_SQLiteXmlConfigFile environment variables.</li>
<li>Reduce the number of calls to GetSettingValue from SQLiteConnection. Pursuant to [25d53b48f6]. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Add NoVerifyTypeAffinity connection flag to disable all type affinity checking.</li>
|
| ︙ | ︙ |
Changes to www/news.wiki.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
<title>News</title>
<b>Version History</b>
<p>
<b>1.0.103.0 - September XX, 2016 <font color="red">(release scheduled)</font></b>
</p>
<ul>
| | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
<title>News</title>
<b>Version History</b>
<p>
<b>1.0.103.0 - September XX, 2016 <font color="red">(release scheduled)</font></b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>Updated to [https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_14_2.html|SQLite 3.14.2].</li>
<li>Add preliminary support for the .NET Framework 4.6.2.</li>
<li>Change the SQLiteReadValueCallback delegate "eventArgs" parameter to be of type SQLiteReadEventArgs. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Make SQLiteReadValueEventArgs and SQLiteReadArrayEventArgs derive from SQLiteReadEventArgs. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Rename SQLiteReadValueEventArgs.ArrayEventArgs property to ExtraEventArgs. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Add No_SQLiteGetSettingValue and No_SQLiteXmlConfigFile environment variables.</li>
<li>Reduce the number of calls to GetSettingValue from SQLiteConnection. Pursuant to [25d53b48f6]. <b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
<li>Add NoVerifyTypeAffinity connection flag to disable all type affinity checking.</li>
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