System.Data.SQLite

    <ul>
      <li>Updated to <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/trunk">SQLite 3.7.15</a>.</li>
      <li>Add Visual Studio 2012 support to all the applicable solution/project files, their associated supporting files, and the test suite.</li>
      <li>Add Visual Studio 2012 support to the redesigned designer support installer.</li>
      <li>Allow opened connections to skip adding the extension functions included in the interop assembly via the new NoExtensionFunctions connection flag.</li>
      <li>Support loading of SQLite extensions via the new EnableExtensions and LoadExtension methods of the SQLiteConnection class. Pursuant to <a href="http://system.data.sqlite.org/index.html/info/17045010df">[17045010df]</a>.</li>
      <li>Add notifications before and after any connection is opened and closed, as well as other related notifications, via the new static Changed event.</li>
      <li>Add an overload of the SQLiteLog.LogMessage method that takes a single string parameter.</li>
      <li>Add an overload of the SQLiteConnection.LogMessage method that takes a SQLiteErrorCode parameter.</li>
      <li>All applicable calls into the SQLite core library now return a SQLiteErrorCode instead of an integer error code.</li>
      <li>Make sure the error code of the SQLiteException class gets serialized.</li>
      <li>Make the test project for the .NET Compact Framework more flexible.</li>
      <li>When available, the new sqlite3_errstr function from the core library is used to get the error message for a specific return code.</li>
      <li>The SetMemoryStatus, Shutdown, ResultCode, ExtendedResultCode, and SetAvRetry methods of the SQLiteConnection class now return a SQLiteErrorCode instead of an integer error code.&nbsp;<b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
      <li>The public constructor for the SQLiteException now takes a SQLiteErrorCode instead of an integer error code.&nbsp;<b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
      <li>The ErrorCode property of the SQLiteException is now an Int32, to allow the property inherited from the base class to be properly overridden.&nbsp;<b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
      <li>The ErrorCode field of the LogEventArgs is now an object instead of an integer.&nbsp;<b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
      <li>The names and messages associated with the SQLiteErrorCode enumeration values have been normalized to match those in the SQLite core library.&nbsp;<b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
      <li>Implement more robust locking semantics for the CriticalHandle derived classes when compiled for the .NET Compact Framework.</li>
      <li>Cache column indexes are they are looked up when using the SQLiteDataReader to improve performance.</li>
      <li>Prevent the SQLiteConnection.Close method from throwing non-fatal exceptions during its disposal.</li>
      <li>Rename the interop assembly functions sqlite3_cursor_rowid, sqlite3_context_collcompare, sqlite3_context_collseq, sqlite3_cursor_rowid, and sqlite3_table_cursor to include an &quot;_interop&quot; suffix.&nbsp;<b>** Potentially Incompatible Change **</b></li>
      <li>Prevent the LastInsertRowId, MemoryUsed, and MemoryHighwater connection properties from throwing NotSupportedException when running on the .NET Compact Framework. Fix for <a href="http://system.data.sqlite.org/index.html/info/dd45aba387">[dd45aba387]</a>.</li>
      <li>Add protection against ThreadAbortException asynchronously interrupting native resource initialization and finalization.</li>
      <li>Add test automation for the Windows CE binaries.</li>
    </ul>
    <p><b>1.0.82.0 - September 3, 2012</b></p>
    <ul>
      <li>Updated to <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_7_14.html">SQLite 3.7.14</a>.</li>
      <li>Properly handle quoted data source values in the connection string. Fix for <a href="http://system.data.sqlite.org/index.html/info/8c3bee31c8">[8c3bee31c8]</a>.</li>
      <li>The <a href="http://nuget.org/packages/System.Data.SQLite">primary NuGet package</a> now supports x86 / x64 and the .NET Framework 2.0 / 4.0 (i.e. in a single package).</li>

    <SQLITE_MANIFEST_VERSION>3.7.15</SQLITE_MANIFEST_VERSION>
    <SQLITE_RC_VERSION>3,7,15</SQLITE_RC_VERSION>
    <SQLITE_COMMON_DEFINES>_CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE;_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS;_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE;_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_WARNINGS;SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1;SQLITE_USE_URI=1;SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA=1;SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3=1;SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3=1;SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION=1;SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE=1;SQLITE_SOUNDEX=1</SQLITE_COMMON_DEFINES>
    <SQLITE_EXTRA_DEFINES>SQLITE_HAS_CODEC=1</SQLITE_EXTRA_DEFINES>
    <SQLITE_WINCE_DEFINES>SQLITE_OMIT_WAL=1</SQLITE_WINCE_DEFINES>
    <SQLITE_DEBUG_DEFINES>SQLITE_DEBUG=1;SQLITE_MEMDEBUG=1</SQLITE_DEBUG_DEFINES>
    <SQLITE_RELEASE_DEFINES>SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC=1</SQLITE_RELEASE_DEFINES>
    <SQLITE_DISABLE_WARNINGS>4055;4100;4127;4146;4210;4232;4244;4245;4267;4306;4389;4701;4703;4706</SQLITE_DISABLE_WARNINGS>
    <SQLITE_DISABLE_X64_WARNINGS></SQLITE_DISABLE_X64_WARNINGS>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <BuildMacro Include="SQLITE_MANIFEST_VERSION">
      <Value>$(SQLITE_MANIFEST_VERSION)</Value>
      <EnvironmentVariable>true</EnvironmentVariable>
    </BuildMacro>

	<UserMacro
		Name="SQLITE_RELEASE_DEFINES"
		Value="SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC=1"
		PerformEnvironmentSet="true"
	/>
	<UserMacro
		Name="SQLITE_DISABLE_WARNINGS"
		Value="4055;4100;4127;4146;4210;4232;4244;4245;4267;4306;4389;4701;4703;4706"
		PerformEnvironmentSet="true"
	/>
	<UserMacro
		Name="SQLITE_DISABLE_X64_WARNINGS"
		Value=""
		PerformEnvironmentSet="true"
	/>

**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.7.15"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3007015
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2012-10-12 18:06:07 de784399ed1f0e27fc875e32719643d19819c8fb"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
** </ul>
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
** ^This file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
** current operation.
*/
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15

/*
** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
**
** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only

**
** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
**
** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
** cache setting should set it explicitly.
**
** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
** 32-bit integer is atomic.
**
** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory

typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
typedef struct Module Module;
typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
typedef struct Parse Parse;
typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
typedef struct Select Select;
typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
typedef struct Table Table;
typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
typedef struct Token Token;
typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSyncDisabled(Btree*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(Btree *p, int nPagesize, int nReserve, int eFix);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(Btree*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(Btree*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreeLastPage(Btree*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(Btree*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetReserve(Btree*);
#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(Btree *p);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(Btree *, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(Btree *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(Btree*, const char *zMaster);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(Btree*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommit(Btree*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRollback(Btree*,int);

#define OPFLG_IN1             0x0004  /* in1:   P1 is an input */
#define OPFLG_IN2             0x0008  /* in2:   P2 is an input */
#define OPFLG_IN3             0x0010  /* in3:   P3 is an input */
#define OPFLG_OUT2            0x0020  /* out2:  P2 is an output */
#define OPFLG_OUT3            0x0040  /* out3:  P3 is an output */
#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\
/*   0 */ 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x04, 0x04, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02,\
/*   8 */ 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24,\
/*  16 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x04, 0x05, 0x04, 0x00,\
/*  24 */ 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/*  32 */ 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
/*  40 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x11,\
/*  48 */ 0x11, 0x11, 0x08, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x02,\
/*  56 */ 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/*  64 */ 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x01, 0x01,\

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int n);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerCheckpoint(Pager *pPager, int, int*, int*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalSupported(Pager *pPager);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalCallback(Pager *pPager);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerOpenWal(Pager *pPager, int *pisOpen);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerCloseWal(Pager *pPager);
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ZIPVFS
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager);
#endif

/* Functions used to query pager state and configuration. */
SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRefcount(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMemUsed(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerFilename(Pager*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3PagerVfs(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerFile(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerJournalname(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerNosync(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerTempSpace(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(Pager*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerCacheStat(Pager *, int, int, int *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerClearCache(Pager *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SectorSize(sqlite3_file *);

/* Functions used to truncate the database file. */
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(Pager*,Pgno);

#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL)
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerCodec(DbPage *);
#endif

  Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
  int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
  int flags;                    /* Miscellaneous flags. See below */
  i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
  unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
  int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
  int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
  u8 dbOptFlags;                /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
  u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
  u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
  u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
  u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
  signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
  u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
  u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */

** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
*/
#define ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)

/*
** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
*/
#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000001  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
#define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000002  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
#define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
#define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000008  /* Show short columns names */
#define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000010  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
                                          /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
                                          /*   the count using a callback. */
#define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000020  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
                                          /*   result set is empty */
#define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00000040  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
#define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00000080  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
#define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000100  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
                         /*   0x00000200  Unused */
#define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000400  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
#define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x0000800  /* For shared-cache mode */
#define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00001000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
#define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00002000  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
#define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00004000  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
#define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00008000  /* Ignore schema errors */
#define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00010000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
#define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00020000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
#define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00040000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
#define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00080000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
#define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00100000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00200000  /* Enable load_extension */
#define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00400000  /* True to enable triggers */

/*
** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
** selectively disable various optimizations.
*/
#define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
#define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
#define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
#define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
#define SQLITE_IdxRealAsInt   0x0010   /* Store REAL as INT in indices */
#define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0020   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
#define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0040   /* Covering index scans */
#define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0080   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
#define SQLITE_AllOpts        0x00ff   /* All optimizations */

/*
** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
#define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
#define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
#else
#define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  0
#define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   1
#endif

/*
** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
** than being distinct from one another.
*/
#define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */

** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
*/
struct SrcList {
  i16 nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
  i16 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
  struct SrcList_item {
    Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
    char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
    char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
    char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
    Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
    Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
    int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
    int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */

** Within the union, pIdx is only used when wsFlags&WHERE_INDEXED is true.
** pTerm is only used when wsFlags&WHERE_MULTI_OR is true.  And pVtabIdx
** is only used when wsFlags&WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE is true.  It is never the
** case that more than one of these conditions is true.
*/
struct WherePlan {
  u32 wsFlags;                   /* WHERE_* flags that describe the strategy */
  u16 nEq;                       /* Number of == constraints */
  u16 nOBSat;                    /* Number of ORDER BY terms satisfied */
  double nRow;                   /* Estimated number of rows (for EQP) */
  union {
    Index *pIdx;                   /* Index when WHERE_INDEXED is true */
    struct WhereTerm *pTerm;       /* WHERE clause term for OR-search */
    sqlite3_index_info *pVtabIdx;  /* Virtual table index to use */
  } u;
};

** The WHERE clause processing routine has two halves.  The
** first part does the start of the WHERE loop and the second
** half does the tail of the WHERE loop.  An instance of
** this structure is returned by the first half and passed
** into the second half to give some continuity.
*/
struct WhereInfo {
  Parse *pParse;            /* Parsing and code generating context */
  SrcList *pTabList;        /* List of tables in the join */
  u16 nOBSat;               /* Number of ORDER BY terms satisfied by indices */
  u16 wctrlFlags;           /* Flags originally passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
  u8 okOnePass;             /* Ok to use one-pass algorithm for UPDATE/DELETE */
  u8 untestedTerms;         /* Not all WHERE terms resolved by outer loop */
  u8 eDistinct;             /* One of the WHERE_DISTINCT_* values below */

  int iTop;                 /* The very beginning of the WHERE loop */
  int iContinue;            /* Jump here to continue with next record */
  int iBreak;               /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
  int nLevel;               /* Number of nested loop */
  struct WhereClause *pWC;  /* Decomposition of the WHERE clause */
  double savedNQueryLoop;   /* pParse->nQueryLoop outside the WHERE loop */
  double nRowOut;           /* Estimated number of output rows */
  WhereLevel a[1];          /* Information about each nest loop in WHERE */
};

/* Allowed values for WhereInfo.eDistinct and DistinctCtx.eTnctType */
#define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
#define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
#define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
#define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */

/*
** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The

** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
*/
struct Select {
  ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
  u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */

  u16 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
  int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
  int addrOpenEphm[3];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
  double nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
  SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
  Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
  ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */

#define SRT_Mem          6  /* Store result in a memory cell */
#define SRT_Set          7  /* Store results as keys in an index */
#define SRT_Table        8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
#define SRT_EphemTab     9  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
#define SRT_Coroutine   10  /* Generate a single row of result */

/*
** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
** a SELECT statement.
*/

struct SelectDest {
  u8 eDest;         /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
  char affSdst;     /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
  int iSDParm;      /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
  int iSdst;        /* Base register where results are written */
  int nSdst;        /* Number of registers allocated */
};

/*
** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT 

** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
** explicit.  
*/
typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
struct DbFixer {
  Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
  Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
  const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
  const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
  const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
};

/*
** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse *, SrcList *, Expr *, ExprList *, Expr *, Expr *, char *);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeConstants(Parse*, Expr*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,int isView,struct SrcList_item *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
#endif

/* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is 
** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).

  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Close a file.  Make sure the lock has been released before closing.
*/
static int dotlockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  if( id ){
    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
    dotlockUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
    sqlite3_free(pFile->lockingContext);

    rc = closeUnixFile(id);
  }
  return rc;
}
/****************** End of the dot-file lock implementation *******************
******************************************************************************/

/******************************************************************************
************************** Begin flock Locking ********************************

  }
}

/*
** Close a file.
*/
static int flockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  if( id ){
    flockUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
    rc = closeUnixFile(id);
  }
  return rc;
}

#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && !OS_VXWORK */

/******************* End of the flock lock implementation *********************
******************************************************************************/

static int seekAndRead(unixFile *id, sqlite3_int64 offset, void *pBuf, int cnt){
  int got;
  int prior = 0;
#if (!defined(USE_PREAD) && !defined(USE_PREAD64))
  i64 newOffset;
#endif
  TIMER_START;
  assert( cnt==(cnt&0x1ffff) );
  cnt &= 0x1ffff;
  do{
#if defined(USE_PREAD)
    got = osPread(id->h, pBuf, cnt, offset);
    SimulateIOError( got = -1 );
#elif defined(USE_PREAD64)
    got = osPread64(id->h, pBuf, cnt, offset);
    SimulateIOError( got = -1 );

** is set before returning.
*/
static int seekAndWrite(unixFile *id, i64 offset, const void *pBuf, int cnt){
  int got;
#if (!defined(USE_PREAD) && !defined(USE_PREAD64))
  i64 newOffset;
#endif
  assert( cnt==(cnt&0x1ffff) );
  cnt &= 0x1ffff;
  TIMER_START;
#if defined(USE_PREAD)
  do{ got = osPwrite(id->h, pBuf, cnt, offset); }while( got<0 && errno==EINTR );
#elif defined(USE_PREAD64)
  do{ got = osPwrite64(id->h, pBuf, cnt, offset);}while( got<0 && errno==EINTR);
#else
  do{

    }
    pShmNode->apRegion = apNew;
    while(pShmNode->nRegion<=iRegion){
      void *pMem;
      if( pShmNode->h>=0 ){
        pMem = mmap(0, szRegion,
            pShmNode->isReadonly ? PROT_READ : PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, 
            MAP_SHARED, pShmNode->h, szRegion*(i64)pShmNode->nRegion
        );
        if( pMem==MAP_FAILED ){
          rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP, "mmap", pShmNode->zFilename);
          goto shmpage_out;
        }
      }else{
        pMem = sqlite3_malloc(szRegion);

** available in Windows platforms based on the NT kernel.
*/
#if !SQLITE_OS_WINNT && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL)
# error "WAL mode requires support from the Windows NT kernel, compile\
 with SQLITE_OMIT_WAL."
#endif

/*
** Are most of the Win32 ANSI APIs available (i.e. with certain exceptions
** based on the sub-platform)?
*/
#if !SQLITE_OS_WINCE && !SQLITE_OS_WINRT
#  define SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI
#endif

/*
** Are most of the Win32 Unicode APIs available (i.e. with certain exceptions
** based on the sub-platform)?
*/
#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE || SQLITE_OS_WINNT || SQLITE_OS_WINRT
#  define SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE
#endif

/*
** Do we need to manually define the Win32 file mapping APIs for use with WAL
** mode (e.g. these APIs are available in the Windows CE SDK; however, they
** are not present in the header file)?
*/
#if SQLITE_WIN32_FILEMAPPING_API && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL)
/*
** Two of the file mapping APIs are different under WinRT.  Figure out which
** set we need.
*/
#if SQLITE_OS_WINRT
WINBASEAPI HANDLE WINAPI CreateFileMappingFromApp(HANDLE, \
        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES, ULONG, ULONG64, LPCWSTR);

WINBASEAPI LPVOID WINAPI MapViewOfFileFromApp(HANDLE, ULONG, ULONG64, SIZE_T);
#else
#if defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI)
WINBASEAPI HANDLE WINAPI CreateFileMappingA(HANDLE, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES, \
        DWORD, DWORD, DWORD, LPCSTR);
#endif /* defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI) */

#if defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE)
WINBASEAPI HANDLE WINAPI CreateFileMappingW(HANDLE, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES, \
        DWORD, DWORD, DWORD, LPCWSTR);
#endif /* defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE) */

WINBASEAPI LPVOID WINAPI MapViewOfFile(HANDLE, DWORD, DWORD, DWORD, SIZE_T);
#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WINRT */

/*
** This file mapping API is common to both Win32 and WinRT.
*/
WINBASEAPI BOOL WINAPI UnmapViewOfFile(LPCVOID);
#endif /* SQLITE_WIN32_FILEMAPPING_API && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) */

/*
** Macro to find the minimum of two numeric values.
*/
#ifndef MIN
# define MIN(x,y) ((x)<(y)?(x):(y))
#endif

*/
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_type = 0;
#else
static int sqlite3_os_type = 0;
#endif









#ifndef SYSCALL
#  define SYSCALL sqlite3_syscall_ptr
#endif

/*
** This function is not available on Windows CE or WinRT.
 */

#else
  { "FormatMessageW",          (SYSCALL)0,                       0 },
#endif

#define osFormatMessageW ((DWORD(WINAPI*)(DWORD,LPCVOID,DWORD,DWORD,LPWSTR, \
        DWORD,va_list*))aSyscall[15].pCurrent)

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
  { "FreeLibrary",             (SYSCALL)FreeLibrary,             0 },
#else
  { "FreeLibrary",             (SYSCALL)0,                       0 },
#endif

#define osFreeLibrary ((BOOL(WINAPI*)(HMODULE))aSyscall[16].pCurrent)

  { "GetCurrentProcessId",     (SYSCALL)GetCurrentProcessId,     0 },

#define osGetCurrentProcessId ((DWORD(WINAPI*)(VOID))aSyscall[17].pCurrent)

#define osGetFullPathNameW ((DWORD(WINAPI*)(LPCWSTR,DWORD,LPWSTR, \
        LPWSTR*))aSyscall[25].pCurrent)

  { "GetLastError",            (SYSCALL)GetLastError,            0 },

#define osGetLastError ((DWORD(WINAPI*)(VOID))aSyscall[26].pCurrent)

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
#if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
  /* The GetProcAddressA() routine is only available on Windows CE. */
  { "GetProcAddressA",         (SYSCALL)GetProcAddressA,         0 },
#else
  /* All other Windows platforms expect GetProcAddress() to take
  ** an ANSI string regardless of the _UNICODE setting */
  { "GetProcAddressA",         (SYSCALL)GetProcAddress,          0 },
#endif
#else
  { "GetProcAddressA",         (SYSCALL)0,                       0 },
#endif

#define osGetProcAddressA ((FARPROC(WINAPI*)(HMODULE, \
        LPCSTR))aSyscall[27].pCurrent)

#if !SQLITE_OS_WINRT
  { "GetSystemInfo",           (SYSCALL)GetSystemInfo,           0 },
#else

#else
  { "HeapValidate",            (SYSCALL)0,                       0 },
#endif

#define osHeapValidate ((BOOL(WINAPI*)(HANDLE,DWORD, \
        LPCVOID))aSyscall[41].pCurrent)

#if defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
  { "LoadLibraryA",            (SYSCALL)LoadLibraryA,            0 },
#else
  { "LoadLibraryA",            (SYSCALL)0,                       0 },
#endif

#define osLoadLibraryA ((HMODULE(WINAPI*)(LPCSTR))aSyscall[42].pCurrent)

#if !SQLITE_OS_WINRT && defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE) && \
        !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
  { "LoadLibraryW",            (SYSCALL)LoadLibraryW,            0 },
#else
  { "LoadLibraryW",            (SYSCALL)0,                       0 },
#endif

#define osLoadLibraryW ((HMODULE(WINAPI*)(LPCWSTR))aSyscall[43].pCurrent)

#else
  { "CreateFile2",             (SYSCALL)0,                       0 },
#endif

#define osCreateFile2 ((HANDLE(WINAPI*)(LPCWSTR,DWORD,DWORD,DWORD, \
        LPCREATEFILE2_EXTENDED_PARAMETERS))aSyscall[66].pCurrent)

#if SQLITE_OS_WINRT && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
  { "LoadPackagedLibrary",     (SYSCALL)LoadPackagedLibrary,     0 },
#else
  { "LoadPackagedLibrary",     (SYSCALL)0,                       0 },
#endif

#define osLoadPackagedLibrary ((HMODULE(WINAPI*)(LPCWSTR, \
        DWORD))aSyscall[67].pCurrent)

      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        pPager->dbFileSize = nPage;
      }
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Return a sanitized version of the sector-size of OS file pFile. The
** return value is guaranteed to lie between 32 and MAX_SECTOR_SIZE.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SectorSize(sqlite3_file *pFile){
  int iRet = sqlite3OsSectorSize(pFile);
  if( iRet<32 ){
    iRet = 512;
  }else if( iRet>MAX_SECTOR_SIZE ){
    assert( MAX_SECTOR_SIZE>=512 );
    iRet = MAX_SECTOR_SIZE;
  }
  return iRet;
}

/*
** Set the value of the Pager.sectorSize variable for the given
** pager based on the value returned by the xSectorSize method
** of the open database file. The sector size will be used used 
** to determine the size and alignment of journal header and 
** master journal pointers within created journal files.

              SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE)!=0
  ){
    /* Sector size doesn't matter for temporary files. Also, the file
    ** may not have been opened yet, in which case the OsSectorSize()
    ** call will segfault. */
    pPager->sectorSize = 512;
  }else{


    pPager->sectorSize = sqlite3SectorSize(pPager->fd);





  }
}

/*
** Playback the journal and thus restore the database file to
** the state it was in before we started making changes.  
**

** retried. If it returns zero, then the SQLITE_BUSY error is
** returned to the caller of the pager API function.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler(
  Pager *pPager,                       /* Pager object */
  int (*xBusyHandler)(void *),         /* Pointer to busy-handler function */
  void *pBusyHandlerArg                /* Argument to pass to xBusyHandler */
){
  pPager->xBusyHandler = xBusyHandler;
  pPager->pBusyHandlerArg = pBusyHandlerArg;

  if( isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
    void **ap = (void **)&pPager->xBusyHandler;
    assert( ((int(*)(void *))(ap[0]))==xBusyHandler );
    assert( ap[1]==pBusyHandlerArg );
    sqlite3OsFileControl(pPager->fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER, (void *)ap);
  }
}

/*
** Change the page size used by the Pager object. The new page size 
** is passed in *pPageSize.
**
** If the pager is in the error state when this function is called, it

                           pPager->pageSize, (u8*)pPager->pTmpSpace);
      pPager->pWal = 0;
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ZIPVFS
/*
** A read-lock must be held on the pager when this function is called. If
** the pager is in WAL mode and the WAL file currently contains one or more
** frames, return the size in bytes of the page images stored within the
** WAL frames. Otherwise, if this is not a WAL database or the WAL file
** is empty, return 0.

SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerCodec(PgHdr *pPg){
  void *aData = 0;
  CODEC2(pPg->pPager, pPg->pData, pPg->pgno, 6, return 0, aData);
  return aData;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_HAS_CODEC */



#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO */

/************** End of pager.c ***********************************************/
/************** Begin file wal.c *********************************************/
/*
** 2010 February 1
**

  ** final frame is repeated (with its commit mark) until the next sector
  ** boundary is crossed.  Only the part of the WAL prior to the last
  ** sector boundary is synced; the part of the last frame that extends
  ** past the sector boundary is written after the sync.
  */
  if( isCommit && (sync_flags & WAL_SYNC_TRANSACTIONS)!=0 ){
    if( pWal->padToSectorBoundary ){
      int sectorSize = sqlite3SectorSize(pWal->pWalFd);
      w.iSyncPoint = ((iOffset+sectorSize-1)/sectorSize)*sectorSize;
      while( iOffset<w.iSyncPoint ){
        rc = walWriteOneFrame(&w, pLast, nTruncate, iOffset);
        if( rc ) return rc;
        iOffset += szFrame;
        nExtra++;
      }

/*
** Return the currently defined page size
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(Btree *p){
  return p->pBt->pageSize;
}

#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
/*
** This function is similar to sqlite3BtreeGetReserve(), except that it
** may only be called if it is guaranteed that the b-tree mutex is already
** held.
**
** This is useful in one special case in the backup API code where it is
** known that the shared b-tree mutex is held, but the mutex on the 
** database handle that owns *p is not. In this case if sqlite3BtreeEnter()
** were to be called, it might collide with some other operation on the
** database handle that owns *p, causing undefined behaviour.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(Btree *p){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pBt->mutex) );
  return p->pBt->pageSize - p->pBt->usableSize;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_HAS_CODEC || SQLITE_DEBUG */

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM)
/*
** Return the number of bytes of space at the end of every page that
** are intentually left unused.  This is the "reserved" space that is
** sometimes used by extensions.
*/

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
  btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
  if( info.iOverflow==0 ){
    return SQLITE_OK;  /* No overflow pages. Return without doing anything */
  }
  if( pCell+info.iOverflow+3 > pPage->aData+pPage->maskPage ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;  /* Cell extends past end of page */
  }
  ovflPgno = get4byte(&pCell[info.iOverflow]);
  assert( pBt->usableSize > 4 );
  ovflPageSize = pBt->usableSize - 4;
  nOvfl = (info.nPayload - info.nLocal + ovflPageSize - 1)/ovflPageSize;
  assert( ovflPgno==0 || nOvfl>0 );
  while( nOvfl-- ){

** size of a cell stored within an internal node is always less than 1/4
** of the page-size, the aOvflSpace[] buffer is guaranteed to be large
** enough for all overflow cells.
**
** If aOvflSpace is set to a null pointer, this function returns 
** SQLITE_NOMEM.
*/
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1700 && defined(_M_ARM)
#pragma optimize("", off)
#endif
static int balance_nonroot(
  MemPage *pParent,               /* Parent page of siblings being balanced */
  int iParentIdx,                 /* Index of "the page" in pParent */
  u8 *aOvflSpace,                 /* page-size bytes of space for parent ovfl */
  int isRoot,                     /* True if pParent is a root-page */
  int bBulk                       /* True if this call is part of a bulk load */
){

  }
  for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
    releasePage(apNew[i]);
  }

  return rc;
}
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1700 && defined(_M_ARM)
#pragma optimize("", on)
#endif


/*
** This function is called when the root page of a b-tree structure is
** overfull (has one or more overflow pages).
**
** A new child page is allocated and the contents of the current root

static int backupOnePage(sqlite3_backup *p, Pgno iSrcPg, const u8 *zSrcData){
  Pager * const pDestPager = sqlite3BtreePager(p->pDest);
  const int nSrcPgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(p->pSrc);
  int nDestPgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(p->pDest);
  const int nCopy = MIN(nSrcPgsz, nDestPgsz);
  const i64 iEnd = (i64)iSrcPg*(i64)nSrcPgsz;
#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
  /* Use BtreeGetReserveNoMutex() for the source b-tree, as although it is
  ** guaranteed that the shared-mutex is held by this thread, handle
  ** p->pSrc may not actually be the owner.  */
  int nSrcReserve = sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(p->pSrc);
  int nDestReserve = sqlite3BtreeGetReserve(p->pDest);
#endif

  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  i64 iOff;

  assert( sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(p->pSrc)>=0 );
  assert( p->bDestLocked );
  assert( !isFatalError(p->rc) );
  assert( iSrcPg!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(p->pSrc->pBt) );
  assert( zSrcData );

  /* Catch the case where the destination is an in-memory database and the
  ** page sizes of the source and destination differ. 

  ** file is required for an atomic commit.
  */ 
  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){ 
    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
    if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) ){
      needXcommit = 1;
      if( i!=1 ) nTrans++;
      sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBt);
      rc = sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt));
      sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBt);
    }
  }
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    return rc;
  }

  /* If there are any write-transactions at all, invoke the commit hook */

    } ac;
    struct OP_Move_stack_vars {
      char *zMalloc;   /* Holding variable for allocated memory */
      int n;           /* Number of registers left to copy */
      int p1;          /* Register to copy from */
      int p2;          /* Register to copy to */
    } ad;
    struct OP_Copy_stack_vars {
      int n;
    } ae;
    struct OP_ResultRow_stack_vars {
      Mem *pMem;
      int i;
    } af;
    struct OP_Concat_stack_vars {
      i64 nByte;
    } ag;
    struct OP_Remainder_stack_vars {
      int flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
      i64 iA;         /* Integer value of left operand */
      i64 iB;         /* Integer value of right operand */
      double rA;      /* Real value of left operand */
      double rB;      /* Real value of right operand */
    } ah;
    struct OP_Function_stack_vars {
      int i;
      Mem *pArg;
      sqlite3_context ctx;
      sqlite3_value **apVal;
      int n;
    } ai;
    struct OP_ShiftRight_stack_vars {
      i64 iA;
      u64 uA;
      i64 iB;
      u8 op;
    } aj;
    struct OP_Ge_stack_vars {
      int res;            /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */
      char affinity;      /* Affinity to use for comparison */
      u16 flags1;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn1->flags */
      u16 flags3;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn3->flags */
    } ak;
    struct OP_Compare_stack_vars {
      int n;
      int i;
      int p1;
      int p2;
      const KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
      int idx;
      CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use on this term */
      int bRev;          /* True for DESCENDING sort order */
    } al;
    struct OP_Or_stack_vars {
      int v1;    /* Left operand:  0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
      int v2;    /* Right operand: 0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
    } am;
    struct OP_IfNot_stack_vars {
      int c;
    } an;
    struct OP_Column_stack_vars {
      u32 payloadSize;   /* Number of bytes in the record */
      i64 payloadSize64; /* Number of bytes in the record */
      int p1;            /* P1 value of the opcode */
      int p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
      VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
      char *zRec;        /* Pointer to complete record-data */

      u8 *zEndHdr;       /* Pointer to first byte after the header */
      u32 offset;        /* Offset into the data */
      u32 szField;       /* Number of bytes in the content of a field */
      int szHdr;         /* Size of the header size field at start of record */
      int avail;         /* Number of bytes of available data */
      u32 t;             /* A type code from the record header */
      Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */
    } ao;
    struct OP_Affinity_stack_vars {
      const char *zAffinity;   /* The affinity to be applied */
      char cAff;               /* A single character of affinity */
    } ap;
    struct OP_MakeRecord_stack_vars {
      u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
      Mem *pRec;             /* The new record */
      u64 nData;             /* Number of bytes of data space */
      int nHdr;              /* Number of bytes of header space */
      i64 nByte;             /* Data space required for this record */
      int nZero;             /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
      int nVarint;           /* Number of bytes in a varint */
      u32 serial_type;       /* Type field */
      Mem *pData0;           /* First field to be combined into the record */
      Mem *pLast;            /* Last field of the record */
      int nField;            /* Number of fields in the record */
      char *zAffinity;       /* The affinity string for the record */
      int file_format;       /* File format to use for encoding */
      int i;                 /* Space used in zNewRecord[] */
      int len;               /* Length of a field */
    } aq;
    struct OP_Count_stack_vars {
      i64 nEntry;
      BtCursor *pCrsr;
    } ar;
    struct OP_Savepoint_stack_vars {
      int p1;                         /* Value of P1 operand */
      char *zName;                    /* Name of savepoint */
      int nName;
      Savepoint *pNew;
      Savepoint *pSavepoint;
      Savepoint *pTmp;
      int iSavepoint;
      int ii;
    } as;
    struct OP_AutoCommit_stack_vars {
      int desiredAutoCommit;
      int iRollback;
      int turnOnAC;
    } at;
    struct OP_Transaction_stack_vars {
      Btree *pBt;
    } au;
    struct OP_ReadCookie_stack_vars {
      int iMeta;
      int iDb;
      int iCookie;
    } av;
    struct OP_SetCookie_stack_vars {
      Db *pDb;
    } aw;
    struct OP_VerifyCookie_stack_vars {
      int iMeta;
      int iGen;
      Btree *pBt;
    } ax;
    struct OP_OpenWrite_stack_vars {
      int nField;
      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
      int p2;
      int iDb;
      int wrFlag;
      Btree *pX;
      VdbeCursor *pCur;
      Db *pDb;
    } ay;
    struct OP_OpenEphemeral_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pCx;
    } az;
    struct OP_SorterOpen_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pCx;
    } ba;
    struct OP_OpenPseudo_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pCx;
    } bb;
    struct OP_SeekGt_stack_vars {
      int res;
      int oc;
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      UnpackedRecord r;
      int nField;
      i64 iKey;      /* The rowid we are to seek to */
    } bc;
    struct OP_Seek_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
    } bd;
    struct OP_Found_stack_vars {
      int alreadyExists;
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      int res;
      char *pFree;
      UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey;
      UnpackedRecord r;
      char aTempRec[ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*3 + 7];
    } be;
    struct OP_IsUnique_stack_vars {
      u16 ii;
      VdbeCursor *pCx;
      BtCursor *pCrsr;
      u16 nField;
      Mem *aMx;
      UnpackedRecord r;                  /* B-Tree index search key */
      i64 R;                             /* Rowid stored in register P3 */
    } bf;
    struct OP_NotExists_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      BtCursor *pCrsr;
      int res;
      u64 iKey;
    } bg;
    struct OP_NewRowid_stack_vars {
      i64 v;                 /* The new rowid */
      VdbeCursor *pC;        /* Cursor of table to get the new rowid */
      int res;               /* Result of an sqlite3BtreeLast() */
      int cnt;               /* Counter to limit the number of searches */
      Mem *pMem;             /* Register holding largest rowid for AUTOINCREMENT */
      VdbeFrame *pFrame;     /* Root frame of VDBE */
    } bh;
    struct OP_InsertInt_stack_vars {
      Mem *pData;       /* MEM cell holding data for the record to be inserted */
      Mem *pKey;        /* MEM cell holding key  for the record */
      i64 iKey;         /* The integer ROWID or key for the record to be inserted */
      VdbeCursor *pC;   /* Cursor to table into which insert is written */
      int nZero;        /* Number of zero-bytes to append */
      int seekResult;   /* Result of prior seek or 0 if no USESEEKRESULT flag */
      const char *zDb;  /* database name - used by the update hook */
      const char *zTbl; /* Table name - used by the opdate hook */
      int op;           /* Opcode for update hook: SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_INSERT */
    } bi;
    struct OP_Delete_stack_vars {
      i64 iKey;
      VdbeCursor *pC;
    } bj;
    struct OP_SorterCompare_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      int res;
    } bk;
    struct OP_SorterData_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
    } bl;
    struct OP_RowData_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      BtCursor *pCrsr;
      u32 n;
      i64 n64;
    } bm;
    struct OP_Rowid_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      i64 v;
      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
      const sqlite3_module *pModule;
    } bn;
    struct OP_NullRow_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
    } bo;
    struct OP_Last_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      BtCursor *pCrsr;
      int res;
    } bp;
    struct OP_Rewind_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      BtCursor *pCrsr;
      int res;
    } bq;
    struct OP_Next_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      int res;
    } br;
    struct OP_IdxInsert_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      BtCursor *pCrsr;
      int nKey;
      const char *zKey;
    } bs;
    struct OP_IdxDelete_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      BtCursor *pCrsr;
      int res;
      UnpackedRecord r;
    } bt;
    struct OP_IdxRowid_stack_vars {
      BtCursor *pCrsr;
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      i64 rowid;
    } bu;
    struct OP_IdxGE_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pC;
      int res;
      UnpackedRecord r;
    } bv;
    struct OP_Destroy_stack_vars {
      int iMoved;
      int iCnt;
      Vdbe *pVdbe;
      int iDb;
    } bw;
    struct OP_Clear_stack_vars {
      int nChange;
    } bx;
    struct OP_CreateTable_stack_vars {
      int pgno;
      int flags;
      Db *pDb;
    } by;
    struct OP_ParseSchema_stack_vars {
      int iDb;
      const char *zMaster;
      char *zSql;
      InitData initData;
    } bz;
    struct OP_IntegrityCk_stack_vars {
      int nRoot;      /* Number of tables to check.  (Number of root pages.) */
      int *aRoot;     /* Array of rootpage numbers for tables to be checked */
      int j;          /* Loop counter */
      int nErr;       /* Number of errors reported */
      char *z;        /* Text of the error report */
      Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
    } ca;
    struct OP_RowSetRead_stack_vars {
      i64 val;
    } cb;
    struct OP_RowSetTest_stack_vars {
      int iSet;
      int exists;
    } cc;
    struct OP_Program_stack_vars {
      int nMem;               /* Number of memory registers for sub-program */
      int nByte;              /* Bytes of runtime space required for sub-program */
      Mem *pRt;               /* Register to allocate runtime space */
      Mem *pMem;              /* Used to iterate through memory cells */
      Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
      VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
      SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
      void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */
    } cd;
    struct OP_Param_stack_vars {
      VdbeFrame *pFrame;
      Mem *pIn;
    } ce;
    struct OP_MemMax_stack_vars {
      Mem *pIn1;
      VdbeFrame *pFrame;
    } cf;
    struct OP_AggStep_stack_vars {
      int n;
      int i;
      Mem *pMem;
      Mem *pRec;
      sqlite3_context ctx;
      sqlite3_value **apVal;
    } cg;
    struct OP_AggFinal_stack_vars {
      Mem *pMem;
    } ch;
    struct OP_Checkpoint_stack_vars {
      int i;                          /* Loop counter */
      int aRes[3];                    /* Results */
      Mem *pMem;                      /* Write results here */
    } ci;
    struct OP_JournalMode_stack_vars {
      Btree *pBt;                     /* Btree to change journal mode of */
      Pager *pPager;                  /* Pager associated with pBt */
      int eNew;                       /* New journal mode */
      int eOld;                       /* The old journal mode */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
      const char *zFilename;          /* Name of database file for pPager */
#endif
    } cj;
    struct OP_IncrVacuum_stack_vars {
      Btree *pBt;
    } ck;
    struct OP_VBegin_stack_vars {
      VTable *pVTab;
    } cl;
    struct OP_VOpen_stack_vars {
      VdbeCursor *pCur;
      sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
      sqlite3_module *pModule;
    } cm;
    struct OP_VFilter_stack_vars {
      int nArg;
      int iQuery;
      const sqlite3_module *pModule;
      Mem *pQuery;
      Mem *pArgc;
      sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
      VdbeCursor *pCur;
      int res;
      int i;
      Mem **apArg;
    } cn;
    struct OP_VColumn_stack_vars {
      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
      const sqlite3_module *pModule;
      Mem *pDest;
      sqlite3_context sContext;
    } co;
    struct OP_VNext_stack_vars {
      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
      const sqlite3_module *pModule;
      int res;
      VdbeCursor *pCur;
    } cp;
    struct OP_VRename_stack_vars {
      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
      Mem *pName;
    } cq;
    struct OP_VUpdate_stack_vars {
      sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
      sqlite3_module *pModule;
      int nArg;
      int i;
      sqlite_int64 rowid;
      Mem **apArg;
      Mem *pX;
    } cr;
    struct OP_Trace_stack_vars {
      char *zTrace;
      char *z;
    } cs;
  } u;
  /* End automatically generated code
  ********************************************************************/

  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );  /* sqlite3_step() verifies this */
  sqlite3VdbeEnter(p);
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){

  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, u.ac.pVar, MEM_Static);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Move P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Move the values in register P1..P1+P3 over into
** registers P2..P2+P3.  Registers P1..P1+P3 are
** left holding a NULL.  It is an error for register ranges
** P1..P1+P3 and P2..P2+P3 to overlap.
*/
case OP_Move: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ad */
  char *zMalloc;   /* Holding variable for allocated memory */
  int n;           /* Number of registers left to copy */
  int p1;          /* Register to copy from */
  int p2;          /* Register to copy to */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ad */

  u.ad.n = pOp->p3 + 1;
  u.ad.p1 = pOp->p1;
  u.ad.p2 = pOp->p2;
  assert( u.ad.n>0 && u.ad.p1>0 && u.ad.p2>0 );
  assert( u.ad.p1+u.ad.n<=u.ad.p2 || u.ad.p2+u.ad.n<=u.ad.p1 );

  pIn1 = &aMem[u.ad.p1];
  pOut = &aMem[u.ad.p2];

    REGISTER_TRACE(u.ad.p2++, pOut);
    pIn1++;
    pOut++;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Copy P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Make a copy of registers P1..P1+P3 into registers P2..P2+P3.
**
** This instruction makes a deep copy of the value.  A duplicate
** is made of any string or blob constant.  See also OP_SCopy.
*/
case OP_Copy: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ae */
  int n;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ae */

  u.ae.n = pOp->p3;
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
  while( 1 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
    Deephemeralize(pOut);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+pOp->p3-u.ae.n, pOut);
    if( (u.ae.n--)==0 ) break;
    pOut++;
    pIn1++;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: SCopy P1 P2 * * *
**
** Make a shallow copy of register P1 into register P2.
**

** The registers P1 through P1+P2-1 contain a single row of
** results. This opcode causes the sqlite3_step() call to terminate
** with an SQLITE_ROW return code and it sets up the sqlite3_stmt
** structure to provide access to the top P1 values as the result
** row.
*/
case OP_ResultRow: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.af */
  Mem *pMem;
  int i;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.af */
  assert( p->nResColumn==pOp->p2 );
  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
  assert( pOp->p1+pOp->p2<=p->nMem+1 );

  /* If this statement has violated immediate foreign key constraints, do
  ** not return the number of rows modified. And do not RELEASE the statement
  ** transaction. It needs to be rolled back.  */

  /* Invalidate all ephemeral cursor row caches */
  p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;

  /* Make sure the results of the current row are \000 terminated
  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are de-ephemeralized as
  ** a side effect.
  */
  u.af.pMem = p->pResultSet = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  for(u.af.i=0; u.af.i<pOp->p2; u.af.i++){
    assert( memIsValid(&u.af.pMem[u.af.i]) );
    Deephemeralize(&u.af.pMem[u.af.i]);
    assert( (u.af.pMem[u.af.i].flags & MEM_Ephem)==0
            || (u.af.pMem[u.af.i].flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&u.af.pMem[u.af.i]);
    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(&u.af.pMem[u.af.i]);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1+u.af.i, &u.af.pMem[u.af.i]);
  }
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;

  /* Return SQLITE_ROW
  */
  p->pc = pc + 1;
  rc = SQLITE_ROW;

**   P3 = P2 || P1
**
** It is illegal for P1 and P3 to be the same register. Sometimes,
** if P3 is the same register as P2, the implementation is able
** to avoid a memcpy().
*/
case OP_Concat: {           /* same as TK_CONCAT, in1, in2, out3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ag */
  i64 nByte;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ag */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pIn1!=pOut );
  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
    break;
  }
  if( ExpandBlob(pIn1) || ExpandBlob(pIn2) ) goto no_mem;
  Stringify(pIn1, encoding);
  Stringify(pIn2, encoding);
  u.ag.nByte = pIn1->n + pIn2->n;
  if( u.ag.nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
    goto too_big;
  }
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Str);
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, (int)u.ag.nByte+2, pOut==pIn2) ){
    goto no_mem;
  }
  if( pOut!=pIn2 ){
    memcpy(pOut->z, pIn2->z, pIn2->n);
  }
  memcpy(&pOut->z[pIn2->n], pIn1->z, pIn1->n);
  pOut->z[u.ag.nByte] = 0;
  pOut->z[u.ag.nByte+1] = 0;
  pOut->flags |= MEM_Term;
  pOut->n = (int)u.ag.nByte;
  pOut->enc = encoding;
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Add P1 P2 P3 * *
**

** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
*/
case OP_Add:                   /* same as TK_PLUS, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Subtract:              /* same as TK_MINUS, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Multiply:              /* same as TK_STAR, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Divide:                /* same as TK_SLASH, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ah */
  int flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
  i64 iA;         /* Integer value of left operand */
  i64 iB;         /* Integer value of right operand */
  double rA;      /* Real value of left operand */
  double rB;      /* Real value of right operand */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ah */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  applyNumericAffinity(pIn1);
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  applyNumericAffinity(pIn2);
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  u.ah.flags = pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags;
  if( (u.ah.flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
  if( (pIn1->flags & pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)==MEM_Int ){
    u.ah.iA = pIn1->u.i;
    u.ah.iB = pIn2->u.i;
    switch( pOp->opcode ){
      case OP_Add:       if( sqlite3AddInt64(&u.ah.iB,u.ah.iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
      case OP_Subtract:  if( sqlite3SubInt64(&u.ah.iB,u.ah.iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
      case OP_Multiply:  if( sqlite3MulInt64(&u.ah.iB,u.ah.iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
      case OP_Divide: {
        if( u.ah.iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
        if( u.ah.iA==-1 && u.ah.iB==SMALLEST_INT64 ) goto fp_math;
        u.ah.iB /= u.ah.iA;
        break;
      }
      default: {
        if( u.ah.iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
        if( u.ah.iA==-1 ) u.ah.iA = 1;
        u.ah.iB %= u.ah.iA;
        break;
      }
    }
    pOut->u.i = u.ah.iB;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  }else{
fp_math:
    u.ah.rA = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1);
    u.ah.rB = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn2);
    switch( pOp->opcode ){
      case OP_Add:         u.ah.rB += u.ah.rA;       break;
      case OP_Subtract:    u.ah.rB -= u.ah.rA;       break;
      case OP_Multiply:    u.ah.rB *= u.ah.rA;       break;
      case OP_Divide: {
        /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
        if( u.ah.rA==(double)0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
        u.ah.rB /= u.ah.rA;
        break;
      }
      default: {
        u.ah.iA = (i64)u.ah.rA;
        u.ah.iB = (i64)u.ah.rB;
        if( u.ah.iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
        if( u.ah.iA==-1 ) u.ah.iA = 1;
        u.ah.rB = (double)(u.ah.iB % u.ah.iA);
        break;
      }
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    pOut->u.i = u.ah.rB;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
#else
    if( sqlite3IsNaN(u.ah.rB) ){
      goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
    }
    pOut->r = u.ah.rB;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Real);
    if( (u.ah.flags & MEM_Real)==0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pOut);
    }
#endif
  }
  break;

arithmetic_result_is_null:

** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
** invocation of this opcode.
**
** See also: AggStep and AggFinal
*/
case OP_Function: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ai */
  int i;
  Mem *pArg;
  sqlite3_context ctx;
  sqlite3_value **apVal;
  int n;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ai */

  u.ai.n = pOp->p5;
  u.ai.apVal = p->apArg;
  assert( u.ai.apVal || u.ai.n==0 );
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);

  assert( u.ai.n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+u.ai.n<=p->nMem+1) );
  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+u.ai.n );
  u.ai.pArg = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  for(u.ai.i=0; u.ai.i<u.ai.n; u.ai.i++, u.ai.pArg++){
    assert( memIsValid(u.ai.pArg) );
    u.ai.apVal[u.ai.i] = u.ai.pArg;
    Deephemeralize(u.ai.pArg);
    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(u.ai.pArg);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+u.ai.i, u.ai.pArg);
  }

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF || pOp->p4type==P4_VDBEFUNC );
  if( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF ){
    u.ai.ctx.pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
    u.ai.ctx.pVdbeFunc = 0;
  }else{
    u.ai.ctx.pVdbeFunc = (VdbeFunc*)pOp->p4.pVdbeFunc;
    u.ai.ctx.pFunc = u.ai.ctx.pVdbeFunc->pFunc;
  }

  u.ai.ctx.s.flags = MEM_Null;
  u.ai.ctx.s.db = db;
  u.ai.ctx.s.xDel = 0;
  u.ai.ctx.s.zMalloc = 0;

  /* The output cell may already have a buffer allocated. Move
  ** the pointer to u.ai.ctx.s so in case the user-function can use
  ** the already allocated buffer instead of allocating a new one.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&u.ai.ctx.s, pOut);
  MemSetTypeFlag(&u.ai.ctx.s, MEM_Null);

  u.ai.ctx.isError = 0;
  if( u.ai.ctx.pFunc->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
    assert( pOp>aOp );
    assert( pOp[-1].p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
    assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_CollSeq );
    u.ai.ctx.pColl = pOp[-1].p4.pColl;
  }
  db->lastRowid = lastRowid;
  (*u.ai.ctx.pFunc->xFunc)(&u.ai.ctx, u.ai.n, u.ai.apVal); /* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
  lastRowid = db->lastRowid;

  /* If any auxiliary data functions have been called by this user function,
  ** immediately call the destructor for any non-static values.
  */
  if( u.ai.ctx.pVdbeFunc ){
    sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(u.ai.ctx.pVdbeFunc, pOp->p1);
    pOp->p4.pVdbeFunc = u.ai.ctx.pVdbeFunc;
    pOp->p4type = P4_VDBEFUNC;
  }

  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    /* Even though a malloc() has failed, the implementation of the
    ** user function may have called an sqlite3_result_XXX() function
    ** to return a value. The following call releases any resources
    ** associated with such a value.
    */
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&u.ai.ctx.s);
    goto no_mem;
  }

  /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
  if( u.ai.ctx.isError ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(&u.ai.ctx.s));
    rc = u.ai.ctx.isError;
  }

  /* Copy the result of the function into register P3 */
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&u.ai.ctx.s, encoding);
  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, &u.ai.ctx.s);
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pOut) ){
    goto too_big;
  }

#if 0
  /* The app-defined function has done something that as caused this
  ** statement to expire.  (Perhaps the function called sqlite3_exec()

** Store the result in register P3.
** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
*/
case OP_BitAnd:                 /* same as TK_BITAND, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_BitOr:                  /* same as TK_BITOR, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_ShiftLeft:              /* same as TK_LSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_ShiftRight: {           /* same as TK_RSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.aj */
  i64 iA;
  u64 uA;
  i64 iB;
  u8 op;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.aj */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
    break;
  }
  u.aj.iA = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
  u.aj.iB = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
  u.aj.op = pOp->opcode;
  if( u.aj.op==OP_BitAnd ){
    u.aj.iA &= u.aj.iB;
  }else if( u.aj.op==OP_BitOr ){
    u.aj.iA |= u.aj.iB;
  }else if( u.aj.iB!=0 ){
    assert( u.aj.op==OP_ShiftRight || u.aj.op==OP_ShiftLeft );

    /* If shifting by a negative amount, shift in the other direction */
    if( u.aj.iB<0 ){
      assert( OP_ShiftRight==OP_ShiftLeft+1 );
      u.aj.op = 2*OP_ShiftLeft + 1 - u.aj.op;
      u.aj.iB = u.aj.iB>(-64) ? -u.aj.iB : 64;
    }

    if( u.aj.iB>=64 ){
      u.aj.iA = (u.aj.iA>=0 || u.aj.op==OP_ShiftLeft) ? 0 : -1;
    }else{
      memcpy(&u.aj.uA, &u.aj.iA, sizeof(u.aj.uA));
      if( u.aj.op==OP_ShiftLeft ){
        u.aj.uA <<= u.aj.iB;
      }else{
        u.aj.uA >>= u.aj.iB;
        /* Sign-extend on a right shift of a negative number */
        if( u.aj.iA<0 ) u.aj.uA |= ((((u64)0xffffffff)<<32)|0xffffffff) << (64-u.aj.iB);
      }
      memcpy(&u.aj.iA, &u.aj.uA, sizeof(u.aj.iA));
    }
  }
  pOut->u.i = u.aj.iA;
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: AddImm  P1 P2 * * *
** 
** Add the constant P2 to the value in register P1.

*/
case OP_Eq:               /* same as TK_EQ, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ne:               /* same as TK_NE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Lt:               /* same as TK_LT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Le:               /* same as TK_LE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ak */
  int res;            /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */
  char affinity;      /* Affinity to use for comparison */
  u16 flags1;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn1->flags */
  u16 flags3;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn3->flags */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ak */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  u.ak.flags1 = pIn1->flags;
  u.ak.flags3 = pIn3->flags;
  if( (u.ak.flags1 | u.ak.flags3)&MEM_Null ){
    /* One or both operands are NULL */
    if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
      /* If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set (which will only happen if the operator is
      ** OP_Eq or OP_Ne) then take the jump or not depending on whether
      ** or not both operands are null.
      */
      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Eq || pOp->opcode==OP_Ne );
      assert( (u.ak.flags1 & MEM_Cleared)==0 );
      if( (u.ak.flags1&MEM_Null)!=0
       && (u.ak.flags3&MEM_Null)!=0
       && (u.ak.flags3&MEM_Cleared)==0
      ){
        u.ak.res = 0;  /* Results are equal */
      }else{
        u.ak.res = 1;  /* Results are not equal */
      }
    }else{
      /* SQLITE_NULLEQ is clear and at least one operand is NULL,
      ** then the result is always NULL.
      ** The jump is taken if the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit is set.
      */
      if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
        pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
        MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
      }else if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL ){
        pc = pOp->p2-1;
      }
      break;
    }
  }else{
    /* Neither operand is NULL.  Do a comparison. */
    u.ak.affinity = pOp->p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK;
    if( u.ak.affinity ){
      applyAffinity(pIn1, u.ak.affinity, encoding);
      applyAffinity(pIn3, u.ak.affinity, encoding);
      if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
    }

    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_COLLSEQ || pOp->p4.pColl==0 );
    ExpandBlob(pIn1);
    ExpandBlob(pIn3);
    u.ak.res = sqlite3MemCompare(pIn3, pIn1, pOp->p4.pColl);
  }
  switch( pOp->opcode ){
    case OP_Eq:    u.ak.res = u.ak.res==0;     break;
    case OP_Ne:    u.ak.res = u.ak.res!=0;     break;
    case OP_Lt:    u.ak.res = u.ak.res<0;      break;
    case OP_Le:    u.ak.res = u.ak.res<=0;     break;
    case OP_Gt:    u.ak.res = u.ak.res>0;      break;
    default:       u.ak.res = u.ak.res>=0;     break;
  }

  if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
    pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
    memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
    pOut->u.i = u.ak.res;
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  }else if( u.ak.res ){
    pc = pOp->p2-1;
  }

  /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
  pIn1->flags = (pIn1->flags&~MEM_TypeMask) | (u.ak.flags1&MEM_TypeMask);
  pIn3->flags = (pIn3->flags&~MEM_TypeMask) | (u.ak.flags3&MEM_TypeMask);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Permutation * * * P4 *
**
** Set the permutation used by the OP_Compare operator to be the array
** of integers in P4.

** only.  The KeyInfo elements are used sequentially.
**
** The comparison is a sort comparison, so NULLs compare equal,
** NULLs are less than numbers, numbers are less than strings,
** and strings are less than blobs.
*/
case OP_Compare: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.al */
  int n;
  int i;
  int p1;
  int p2;
  const KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
  int idx;
  CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use on this term */
  int bRev;          /* True for DESCENDING sort order */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.al */

  u.al.n = pOp->p3;
  u.al.pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
  assert( u.al.n>0 );
  assert( u.al.pKeyInfo!=0 );
  u.al.p1 = pOp->p1;
  u.al.p2 = pOp->p2;
#if SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( aPermute ){
    int k, mx = 0;
    for(k=0; k<u.al.n; k++) if( aPermute[k]>mx ) mx = aPermute[k];
    assert( u.al.p1>0 && u.al.p1+mx<=p->nMem+1 );
    assert( u.al.p2>0 && u.al.p2+mx<=p->nMem+1 );
  }else{
    assert( u.al.p1>0 && u.al.p1+u.al.n<=p->nMem+1 );
    assert( u.al.p2>0 && u.al.p2+u.al.n<=p->nMem+1 );
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
  for(u.al.i=0; u.al.i<u.al.n; u.al.i++){
    u.al.idx = aPermute ? aPermute[u.al.i] : u.al.i;
    assert( memIsValid(&aMem[u.al.p1+u.al.idx]) );
    assert( memIsValid(&aMem[u.al.p2+u.al.idx]) );
    REGISTER_TRACE(u.al.p1+u.al.idx, &aMem[u.al.p1+u.al.idx]);
    REGISTER_TRACE(u.al.p2+u.al.idx, &aMem[u.al.p2+u.al.idx]);
    assert( u.al.i<u.al.pKeyInfo->nField );
    u.al.pColl = u.al.pKeyInfo->aColl[u.al.i];
    u.al.bRev = u.al.pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[u.al.i];
    iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&aMem[u.al.p1+u.al.idx], &aMem[u.al.p2+u.al.idx], u.al.pColl);
    if( iCompare ){
      if( u.al.bRev ) iCompare = -iCompare;
      break;
    }
  }
  aPermute = 0;
  break;
}

**
** If either P1 or P2 is nonzero (true) then the result is 1 (true)
** even if the other input is NULL.  A NULL and false or two NULLs
** give a NULL output.
*/
case OP_And:              /* same as TK_AND, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Or: {             /* same as TK_OR, in1, in2, out3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.am */
  int v1;    /* Left operand:  0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
  int v2;    /* Right operand: 0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.am */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    u.am.v1 = 2;
  }else{
    u.am.v1 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
  }
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  if( pIn2->flags & MEM_Null ){
    u.am.v2 = 2;
  }else{
    u.am.v2 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2)!=0;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_And ){
    static const unsigned char and_logic[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2 };
    u.am.v1 = and_logic[u.am.v1*3+u.am.v2];
  }else{
    static const unsigned char or_logic[] = { 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
    u.am.v1 = or_logic[u.am.v1*3+u.am.v2];
  }
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( u.am.v1==2 ){
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
  }else{
    pOut->u.i = u.am.v1;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Not P1 P2 * * *
**

**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is False.  The value
** is considered false if it has a numeric value of zero.  If the value
** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is zero.
*/
case OP_If:                 /* jump, in1 */
case OP_IfNot: {            /* jump, in1 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.an */
  int c;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.an */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    u.an.c = pOp->p3;
  }else{
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    u.an.c = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
#else
    u.an.c = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1)!=0.0;
#endif
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IfNot ) u.an.c = !u.an.c;
  }
  if( u.an.c ){
    pc = pOp->p2-1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 * * *
**

**
** If the OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG bits are set on P5 when
** the result is guaranteed to only be used as the argument of a length()
** or typeof() function, respectively.  The loading of large blobs can be
** skipped for length() and all content loading can be skipped for typeof().
*/
case OP_Column: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ao */
  u32 payloadSize;   /* Number of bytes in the record */
  i64 payloadSize64; /* Number of bytes in the record */
  int p1;            /* P1 value of the opcode */
  int p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
  VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
  char *zRec;        /* Pointer to complete record-data */
  BtCursor *pCrsr;   /* The BTree cursor */

  u8 *zEndHdr;       /* Pointer to first byte after the header */
  u32 offset;        /* Offset into the data */
  u32 szField;       /* Number of bytes in the content of a field */
  int szHdr;         /* Size of the header size field at start of record */
  int avail;         /* Number of bytes of available data */
  u32 t;             /* A type code from the record header */
  Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ao */


  u.ao.p1 = pOp->p1;
  u.ao.p2 = pOp->p2;
  u.ao.pC = 0;
  memset(&u.ao.sMem, 0, sizeof(u.ao.sMem));
  assert( u.ao.p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  u.ao.pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  memAboutToChange(p, u.ao.pDest);
  u.ao.zRec = 0;

  /* This block sets the variable u.ao.payloadSize to be the total number of
  ** bytes in the record.
  **
  ** u.ao.zRec is set to be the complete text of the record if it is available.
  ** The complete record text is always available for pseudo-tables
  ** If the record is stored in a cursor, the complete record text
  ** might be available in the  u.ao.pC->aRow cache.  Or it might not be.
  ** If the data is unavailable,  u.ao.zRec is set to NULL.
  **
  ** We also compute the number of columns in the record.  For cursors,
  ** the number of columns is stored in the VdbeCursor.nField element.
  */
  u.ao.pC = p->apCsr[u.ao.p1];
  assert( u.ao.pC!=0 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  assert( u.ao.pC->pVtabCursor==0 );
#endif
  u.ao.pCrsr = u.ao.pC->pCursor;
  if( u.ao.pCrsr!=0 ){
    /* The record is stored in a B-Tree */
    rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.ao.pC);
    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
    if( u.ao.pC->nullRow ){
      u.ao.payloadSize = 0;
    }else if( u.ao.pC->cacheStatus==p->cacheCtr ){
      u.ao.payloadSize = u.ao.pC->payloadSize;
      u.ao.zRec = (char*)u.ao.pC->aRow;
    }else if( u.ao.pC->isIndex ){
      assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(u.ao.pCrsr) );
      VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeKeySize(u.ao.pCrsr, &u.ao.payloadSize64);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* True because of CursorMoveto() call above */
      /* sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr() uses getVarint32() to extract the
      ** payload size, so it is impossible for u.ao.payloadSize64 to be
      ** larger than 32 bits. */
      assert( (u.ao.payloadSize64 & SQLITE_MAX_U32)==(u64)u.ao.payloadSize64 );
      u.ao.payloadSize = (u32)u.ao.payloadSize64;
    }else{
      assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(u.ao.pCrsr) );
      VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeDataSize(u.ao.pCrsr, &u.ao.payloadSize);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* DataSize() cannot fail */
    }
  }else if( ALWAYS(u.ao.pC->pseudoTableReg>0) ){
    u.ao.pReg = &aMem[u.ao.pC->pseudoTableReg];
    assert( u.ao.pReg->flags & MEM_Blob );
    assert( memIsValid(u.ao.pReg) );
    u.ao.payloadSize = u.ao.pReg->n;
    u.ao.zRec = u.ao.pReg->z;
    u.ao.pC->cacheStatus = (pOp->p5&OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE) ? CACHE_STALE : p->cacheCtr;
    assert( u.ao.payloadSize==0 || u.ao.zRec!=0 );
  }else{
    /* Consider the row to be NULL */
    u.ao.payloadSize = 0;
  }

  /* If u.ao.payloadSize is 0, then just store a NULL.  This can happen because of
  ** nullRow or because of a corrupt database. */
  if( u.ao.payloadSize==0 ){
    MemSetTypeFlag(u.ao.pDest, MEM_Null);
    goto op_column_out;
  }
  assert( db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]>=0 );
  if( u.ao.payloadSize > (u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
    goto too_big;
  }

  u.ao.nField = u.ao.pC->nField;
  assert( u.ao.p2<u.ao.nField );

  /* Read and parse the table header.  Store the results of the parse
  ** into the record header cache fields of the cursor.
  */
  u.ao.aType = u.ao.pC->aType;
  if( u.ao.pC->cacheStatus==p->cacheCtr ){
    u.ao.aOffset = u.ao.pC->aOffset;
  }else{
    assert(u.ao.aType);
    u.ao.avail = 0;
    u.ao.pC->aOffset = u.ao.aOffset = &u.ao.aType[u.ao.nField];
    u.ao.pC->payloadSize = u.ao.payloadSize;
    u.ao.pC->cacheStatus = p->cacheCtr;

    /* Figure out how many bytes are in the header */
    if( u.ao.zRec ){
      u.ao.zData = u.ao.zRec;
    }else{
      if( u.ao.pC->isIndex ){
        u.ao.zData = (char*)sqlite3BtreeKeyFetch(u.ao.pCrsr, &u.ao.avail);
      }else{
        u.ao.zData = (char*)sqlite3BtreeDataFetch(u.ao.pCrsr, &u.ao.avail);
      }
      /* If KeyFetch()/DataFetch() managed to get the entire payload,
      ** save the payload in the u.ao.pC->aRow cache.  That will save us from
      ** having to make additional calls to fetch the content portion of
      ** the record.
      */
      assert( u.ao.avail>=0 );
      if( u.ao.payloadSize <= (u32)u.ao.avail ){
        u.ao.zRec = u.ao.zData;
        u.ao.pC->aRow = (u8*)u.ao.zData;
      }else{
        u.ao.pC->aRow = 0;
      }
    }
    /* The following assert is true in all cases except when
    ** the database file has been corrupted externally.
    **    assert( u.ao.zRec!=0 || u.ao.avail>=u.ao.payloadSize || u.ao.avail>=9 ); */
    u.ao.szHdr = getVarint32((u8*)u.ao.zData, u.ao.offset);

    /* Make sure a corrupt database has not given us an oversize header.
    ** Do this now to avoid an oversize memory allocation.
    **
    ** Type entries can be between 1 and 5 bytes each.  But 4 and 5 byte
    ** types use so much data space that there can only be 4096 and 32 of
    ** them, respectively.  So the maximum header length results from a
    ** 3-byte type for each of the maximum of 32768 columns plus three
    ** extra bytes for the header length itself.  32768*3 + 3 = 98307.
    */
    if( u.ao.offset > 98307 ){
      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      goto op_column_out;
    }

    /* Compute in u.ao.len the number of bytes of data we need to read in order
    ** to get u.ao.nField type values.  u.ao.offset is an upper bound on this.  But
    ** u.ao.nField might be significantly less than the true number of columns
    ** in the table, and in that case, 5*u.ao.nField+3 might be smaller than u.ao.offset.
    ** We want to minimize u.ao.len in order to limit the size of the memory
    ** allocation, especially if a corrupt database file has caused u.ao.offset
    ** to be oversized. Offset is limited to 98307 above.  But 98307 might
    ** still exceed Robson memory allocation limits on some configurations.
    ** On systems that cannot tolerate large memory allocations, u.ao.nField*5+3
    ** will likely be much smaller since u.ao.nField will likely be less than
    ** 20 or so.  This insures that Robson memory allocation limits are
    ** not exceeded even for corrupt database files.
    */
    u.ao.len = u.ao.nField*5 + 3;
    if( u.ao.len > (int)u.ao.offset ) u.ao.len = (int)u.ao.offset;

    /* The KeyFetch() or DataFetch() above are fast and will get the entire
    ** record header in most cases.  But they will fail to get the complete
    ** record header if the record header does not fit on a single page
    ** in the B-Tree.  When that happens, use sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree() to
    ** acquire the complete header text.
    */
    if( !u.ao.zRec && u.ao.avail<u.ao.len ){
      u.ao.sMem.flags = 0;
      u.ao.sMem.db = 0;
      rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(u.ao.pCrsr, 0, u.ao.len, u.ao.pC->isIndex, &u.ao.sMem);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        goto op_column_out;
      }
      u.ao.zData = u.ao.sMem.z;
    }
    u.ao.zEndHdr = (u8 *)&u.ao.zData[u.ao.len];
    u.ao.zIdx = (u8 *)&u.ao.zData[u.ao.szHdr];

    /* Scan the header and use it to fill in the u.ao.aType[] and u.ao.aOffset[]
    ** arrays.  u.ao.aType[u.ao.i] will contain the type integer for the u.ao.i-th
    ** column and u.ao.aOffset[u.ao.i] will contain the u.ao.offset from the beginning
    ** of the record to the start of the data for the u.ao.i-th column
    */
    for(u.ao.i=0; u.ao.i<u.ao.nField; u.ao.i++){
      if( u.ao.zIdx<u.ao.zEndHdr ){
        u.ao.aOffset[u.ao.i] = u.ao.offset;
        if( u.ao.zIdx[0]<0x80 ){
          u.ao.t = u.ao.zIdx[0];
          u.ao.zIdx++;
        }else{
          u.ao.zIdx += sqlite3GetVarint32(u.ao.zIdx, &u.ao.t);
        }
        u.ao.aType[u.ao.i] = u.ao.t;
        u.ao.szField = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u.ao.t);
        u.ao.offset += u.ao.szField;
        if( u.ao.offset<u.ao.szField ){  /* True if u.ao.offset overflows */
          u.ao.zIdx = &u.ao.zEndHdr[1];  /* Forces SQLITE_CORRUPT return below */
          break;
        }
      }else{
        /* If u.ao.i is less that u.ao.nField, then there are fewer fields in this
        ** record than SetNumColumns indicated there are columns in the
        ** table. Set the u.ao.offset for any extra columns not present in
        ** the record to 0. This tells code below to store the default value
        ** for the column instead of deserializing a value from the record.
        */
        u.ao.aOffset[u.ao.i] = 0;
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&u.ao.sMem);
    u.ao.sMem.flags = MEM_Null;

    /* If we have read more header data than was contained in the header,
    ** or if the end of the last field appears to be past the end of the
    ** record, or if the end of the last field appears to be before the end
    ** of the record (when all fields present), then we must be dealing
    ** with a corrupt database.
    */
    if( (u.ao.zIdx > u.ao.zEndHdr) || (u.ao.offset > u.ao.payloadSize)
         || (u.ao.zIdx==u.ao.zEndHdr && u.ao.offset!=u.ao.payloadSize) ){
      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      goto op_column_out;
    }
  }

  /* Get the column information. If u.ao.aOffset[u.ao.p2] is non-zero, then
  ** deserialize the value from the record. If u.ao.aOffset[u.ao.p2] is zero,
  ** then there are not enough fields in the record to satisfy the
  ** request.  In this case, set the value NULL or to P4 if P4 is
  ** a pointer to a Mem object.
  */
  if( u.ao.aOffset[u.ao.p2] ){
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
    if( u.ao.zRec ){
      /* This is the common case where the whole row fits on a single page */
      VdbeMemRelease(u.ao.pDest);
      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet((u8 *)&u.ao.zRec[u.ao.aOffset[u.ao.p2]], u.ao.aType[u.ao.p2], u.ao.pDest);
    }else{
      /* This branch happens only when the row overflows onto multiple pages */
      u.ao.t = u.ao.aType[u.ao.p2];
      if( (pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG|OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG))!=0
       && ((u.ao.t>=12 && (u.ao.t&1)==0) || (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG)!=0)
      ){
        /* Content is irrelevant for the typeof() function and for
        ** the length(X) function if X is a blob.  So we might as well use
        ** bogus content rather than reading content from disk.  NULL works
        ** for text and blob and whatever is in the u.ao.payloadSize64 variable
        ** will work for everything else. */
        u.ao.zData = u.ao.t<12 ? (char*)&u.ao.payloadSize64 : 0;
      }else{
        u.ao.len = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u.ao.t);
        sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&u.ao.sMem, u.ao.pDest);
        rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(u.ao.pCrsr, u.ao.aOffset[u.ao.p2], u.ao.len,  u.ao.pC->isIndex,
                                     &u.ao.sMem);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
          goto op_column_out;
        }
        u.ao.zData = u.ao.sMem.z;
      }
      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet((u8*)u.ao.zData, u.ao.t, u.ao.pDest);
    }
    u.ao.pDest->enc = encoding;
  }else{
    if( pOp->p4type==P4_MEM ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(u.ao.pDest, pOp->p4.pMem, MEM_Static);
    }else{
      MemSetTypeFlag(u.ao.pDest, MEM_Null);
    }
  }

  /* If we dynamically allocated space to hold the data (in the
  ** sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree() call above) then transfer control of that
  ** dynamically allocated space over to the u.ao.pDest structure.
  ** This prevents a memory copy.
  */
  if( u.ao.sMem.zMalloc ){
    assert( u.ao.sMem.z==u.ao.sMem.zMalloc );
    assert( !(u.ao.pDest->flags & MEM_Dyn) );
    assert( !(u.ao.pDest->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str)) || u.ao.pDest->z==u.ao.sMem.z );
    u.ao.pDest->flags &= ~(MEM_Ephem|MEM_Static);
    u.ao.pDest->flags |= MEM_Term;
    u.ao.pDest->z = u.ao.sMem.z;
    u.ao.pDest->zMalloc = u.ao.sMem.zMalloc;
  }

  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(u.ao.pDest);

op_column_out:
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(u.ao.pDest);
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, u.ao.pDest);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Affinity P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** Apply affinities to a range of P2 registers starting with P1.
**
** P4 is a string that is P2 characters long. The nth character of the
** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
** memory cell in the range.
*/
case OP_Affinity: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ap */
  const char *zAffinity;   /* The affinity to be applied */
  char cAff;               /* A single character of affinity */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ap */

  u.ap.zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
  assert( u.ap.zAffinity!=0 );
  assert( u.ap.zAffinity[pOp->p2]==0 );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  while( (u.ap.cAff = *(u.ap.zAffinity++))!=0 ){
    assert( pIn1 <= &p->aMem[p->nMem] );
    assert( memIsValid(pIn1) );
    ExpandBlob(pIn1);
    applyAffinity(pIn1, u.ap.cAff, encoding);
    pIn1++;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: MakeRecord P1 P2 P3 P4 *
**

**
** The mapping from character to affinity is given by the SQLITE_AFF_
** macros defined in sqliteInt.h.
**
** If P4 is NULL then all index fields have the affinity NONE.
*/
case OP_MakeRecord: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.aq */
  u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
  Mem *pRec;             /* The new record */
  u64 nData;             /* Number of bytes of data space */
  int nHdr;              /* Number of bytes of header space */
  i64 nByte;             /* Data space required for this record */
  int nZero;             /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
  int nVarint;           /* Number of bytes in a varint */
  u32 serial_type;       /* Type field */
  Mem *pData0;           /* First field to be combined into the record */
  Mem *pLast;            /* Last field of the record */
  int nField;            /* Number of fields in the record */
  char *zAffinity;       /* The affinity string for the record */
  int file_format;       /* File format to use for encoding */
  int i;                 /* Space used in zNewRecord[] */
  int len;               /* Length of a field */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.aq */

  /* Assuming the record contains N fields, the record format looks
  ** like this:
  **
  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ** | hdr-size | type 0 | type 1 | ... | type N-1 | data0 | ... | data N-1 |
  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **
  ** Data(0) is taken from register P1.  Data(1) comes from register P1+1
  ** and so froth.
  **
  ** Each type field is a varint representing the serial type of the
  ** corresponding data element (see sqlite3VdbeSerialType()). The
  ** hdr-size field is also a varint which is the offset from the beginning
  ** of the record to data0.
  */
  u.aq.nData = 0;         /* Number of bytes of data space */
  u.aq.nHdr = 0;          /* Number of bytes of header space */
  u.aq.nZero = 0;         /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
  u.aq.nField = pOp->p1;
  u.aq.zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
  assert( u.aq.nField>0 && pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+u.aq.nField<=p->nMem+1 );
  u.aq.pData0 = &aMem[u.aq.nField];
  u.aq.nField = pOp->p2;
  u.aq.pLast = &u.aq.pData0[u.aq.nField-1];
  u.aq.file_format = p->minWriteFileFormat;

  /* Identify the output register */
  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p1 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p1+pOp->p2 );
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);

  /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
  ** out how much space is required for the new record.
  */
  for(u.aq.pRec=u.aq.pData0; u.aq.pRec<=u.aq.pLast; u.aq.pRec++){
    assert( memIsValid(u.aq.pRec) );
    if( u.aq.zAffinity ){
      applyAffinity(u.aq.pRec, u.aq.zAffinity[u.aq.pRec-u.aq.pData0], encoding);
    }
    if( u.aq.pRec->flags&MEM_Zero && u.aq.pRec->n>0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(u.aq.pRec);
    }
    u.aq.serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(u.aq.pRec, u.aq.file_format);
    u.aq.len = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u.aq.serial_type);
    u.aq.nData += u.aq.len;
    u.aq.nHdr += sqlite3VarintLen(u.aq.serial_type);
    if( u.aq.pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
      /* Only pure zero-filled BLOBs can be input to this Opcode.
      ** We do not allow blobs with a prefix and a zero-filled tail. */
      u.aq.nZero += u.aq.pRec->u.nZero;
    }else if( u.aq.len ){
      u.aq.nZero = 0;
    }
  }

  /* Add the initial header varint and total the size */
  u.aq.nHdr += u.aq.nVarint = sqlite3VarintLen(u.aq.nHdr);
  if( u.aq.nVarint<sqlite3VarintLen(u.aq.nHdr) ){
    u.aq.nHdr++;
  }
  u.aq.nByte = u.aq.nHdr+u.aq.nData-u.aq.nZero;
  if( u.aq.nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
    goto too_big;
  }

  /* Make sure the output register has a buffer large enough to store
  ** the new record. The output register (pOp->p3) is not allowed to
  ** be one of the input registers (because the following call to
  ** sqlite3VdbeMemGrow() could clobber the value before it is used).
  */
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, (int)u.aq.nByte, 0) ){
    goto no_mem;
  }
  u.aq.zNewRecord = (u8 *)pOut->z;

  /* Write the record */
  u.aq.i = putVarint32(u.aq.zNewRecord, u.aq.nHdr);
  for(u.aq.pRec=u.aq.pData0; u.aq.pRec<=u.aq.pLast; u.aq.pRec++){
    u.aq.serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(u.aq.pRec, u.aq.file_format);
    u.aq.i += putVarint32(&u.aq.zNewRecord[u.aq.i], u.aq.serial_type);      /* serial type */
  }
  for(u.aq.pRec=u.aq.pData0; u.aq.pRec<=u.aq.pLast; u.aq.pRec++){  /* serial data */
    u.aq.i += sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(&u.aq.zNewRecord[u.aq.i], (int)(u.aq.nByte-u.aq.i), u.aq.pRec,u.aq.file_format);
  }
  assert( u.aq.i==u.aq.nByte );

  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pOut->n = (int)u.aq.nByte;
  pOut->flags = MEM_Blob | MEM_Dyn;
  pOut->xDel = 0;
  if( u.aq.nZero ){
    pOut->u.nZero = u.aq.nZero;
    pOut->flags |= MEM_Zero;
  }
  pOut->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;  /* In case the blob is ever converted to text */
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Count P1 P2 * * *
**
** Store the number of entries (an integer value) in the table or index 
** opened by cursor P1 in register P2
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
case OP_Count: {         /* out2-prerelease */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ar */
  i64 nEntry;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ar */

  u.ar.pCrsr = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->pCursor;
  if( ALWAYS(u.ar.pCrsr) ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeCount(u.ar.pCrsr, &u.ar.nEntry);
  }else{
    u.ar.nEntry = 0;
  }
  pOut->u.i = u.ar.nEntry;
  break;
}
#endif

/* Opcode: Savepoint P1 * * P4 *
**
** Open, release or rollback the savepoint named by parameter P4, depending
** on the value of P1. To open a new savepoint, P1==0. To release (commit) an
** existing savepoint, P1==1, or to rollback an existing savepoint P1==2.
*/
case OP_Savepoint: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.as */
  int p1;                         /* Value of P1 operand */
  char *zName;                    /* Name of savepoint */
  int nName;
  Savepoint *pNew;
  Savepoint *pSavepoint;
  Savepoint *pTmp;
  int iSavepoint;
  int ii;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.as */

  u.as.p1 = pOp->p1;
  u.as.zName = pOp->p4.z;

  /* Assert that the u.as.p1 parameter is valid. Also that if there is no open
  ** transaction, then there cannot be any savepoints.
  */
  assert( db->pSavepoint==0 || db->autoCommit==0 );
  assert( u.as.p1==SAVEPOINT_BEGIN||u.as.p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE||u.as.p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
  assert( db->pSavepoint || db->isTransactionSavepoint==0 );
  assert( checkSavepointCount(db) );

  if( u.as.p1==SAVEPOINT_BEGIN ){
    if( db->writeVdbeCnt>0 ){
      /* A new savepoint cannot be created if there are active write
      ** statements (i.e. open read/write incremental blob handles).
      */
      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot open savepoint - "
        "SQL statements in progress");
      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
    }else{
      u.as.nName = sqlite3Strlen30(u.as.zName);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      /* This call is Ok even if this savepoint is actually a transaction
      ** savepoint (and therefore should not prompt xSavepoint()) callbacks.
      ** If this is a transaction savepoint being opened, it is guaranteed
      ** that the db->aVTrans[] array is empty.  */
      assert( db->autoCommit==0 || db->nVTrans==0 );
      rc = sqlite3VtabSavepoint(db, SAVEPOINT_BEGIN,
                                db->nStatement+db->nSavepoint);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
#endif

      /* Create a new savepoint structure. */
      u.as.pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(Savepoint)+u.as.nName+1);
      if( u.as.pNew ){
        u.as.pNew->zName = (char *)&u.as.pNew[1];
        memcpy(u.as.pNew->zName, u.as.zName, u.as.nName+1);

        /* If there is no open transaction, then mark this as a special
        ** "transaction savepoint". */
        if( db->autoCommit ){
          db->autoCommit = 0;
          db->isTransactionSavepoint = 1;
        }else{
          db->nSavepoint++;
        }

        /* Link the new savepoint into the database handle's list. */
        u.as.pNew->pNext = db->pSavepoint;
        db->pSavepoint = u.as.pNew;
        u.as.pNew->nDeferredCons = db->nDeferredCons;
      }
    }
  }else{
    u.as.iSavepoint = 0;

    /* Find the named savepoint. If there is no such savepoint, then an
    ** an error is returned to the user.  */
    for(
      u.as.pSavepoint = db->pSavepoint;
      u.as.pSavepoint && sqlite3StrICmp(u.as.pSavepoint->zName, u.as.zName);
      u.as.pSavepoint = u.as.pSavepoint->pNext
    ){
      u.as.iSavepoint++;
    }
    if( !u.as.pSavepoint ){
      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "no such savepoint: %s", u.as.zName);
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    }else if( db->writeVdbeCnt>0 && u.as.p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
      /* It is not possible to release (commit) a savepoint if there are
      ** active write statements.
      */
      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db,
        "cannot release savepoint - SQL statements in progress"
      );
      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
    }else{

      /* Determine whether or not this is a transaction savepoint. If so,
      ** and this is a RELEASE command, then the current transaction
      ** is committed.
      */
      int isTransaction = u.as.pSavepoint->pNext==0 && db->isTransactionSavepoint;
      if( isTransaction && u.as.p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
        if( (rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 1))!=SQLITE_OK ){
          goto vdbe_return;
        }
        db->autoCommit = 1;
        if( sqlite3VdbeHalt(p)==SQLITE_BUSY ){
          p->pc = pc;
          db->autoCommit = 0;
          p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
          goto vdbe_return;
        }
        db->isTransactionSavepoint = 0;
        rc = p->rc;
      }else{
        u.as.iSavepoint = db->nSavepoint - u.as.iSavepoint - 1;
        if( u.as.p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ){
          for(u.as.ii=0; u.as.ii<db->nDb; u.as.ii++){
            sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(db->aDb[u.as.ii].pBt, SQLITE_ABORT);
          }
        }
        for(u.as.ii=0; u.as.ii<db->nDb; u.as.ii++){
          rc = sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(db->aDb[u.as.ii].pBt, u.as.p1, u.as.iSavepoint);
          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
            goto abort_due_to_error;
          }
        }
        if( u.as.p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK && (db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges)!=0 ){
          sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
          sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
          db->flags = (db->flags | SQLITE_InternChanges);
        }
      }

      /* Regardless of whether this is a RELEASE or ROLLBACK, destroy all
      ** savepoints nested inside of the savepoint being operated on. */
      while( db->pSavepoint!=u.as.pSavepoint ){
        u.as.pTmp = db->pSavepoint;
        db->pSavepoint = u.as.pTmp->pNext;
        sqlite3DbFree(db, u.as.pTmp);
        db->nSavepoint--;
      }

      /* If it is a RELEASE, then destroy the savepoint being operated on
      ** too. If it is a ROLLBACK TO, then set the number of deferred
      ** constraint violations present in the database to the value stored
      ** when the savepoint was created.  */
      if( u.as.p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
        assert( u.as.pSavepoint==db->pSavepoint );
        db->pSavepoint = u.as.pSavepoint->pNext;
        sqlite3DbFree(db, u.as.pSavepoint);
        if( !isTransaction ){
          db->nSavepoint--;
        }
      }else{
        db->nDeferredCons = u.as.pSavepoint->nDeferredCons;
      }

      if( !isTransaction ){
        rc = sqlite3VtabSavepoint(db, u.as.p1, u.as.iSavepoint);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
    }
  }

  break;
}

/* Opcode: AutoCommit P1 P2 * * *
**
** Set the database auto-commit flag to P1 (1 or 0). If P2 is true, roll
** back any currently active btree transactions. If there are any active
** VMs (apart from this one), then a ROLLBACK fails.  A COMMIT fails if
** there are active writing VMs or active VMs that use shared cache.
**
** This instruction causes the VM to halt.
*/
case OP_AutoCommit: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.at */
  int desiredAutoCommit;
  int iRollback;
  int turnOnAC;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.at */

  u.at.desiredAutoCommit = pOp->p1;
  u.at.iRollback = pOp->p2;
  u.at.turnOnAC = u.at.desiredAutoCommit && !db->autoCommit;
  assert( u.at.desiredAutoCommit==1 || u.at.desiredAutoCommit==0 );
  assert( u.at.desiredAutoCommit==1 || u.at.iRollback==0 );
  assert( db->activeVdbeCnt>0 );  /* At least this one VM is active */

#if 0
  if( u.at.turnOnAC && u.at.iRollback && db->activeVdbeCnt>1 ){
    /* If this instruction implements a ROLLBACK and other VMs are
    ** still running, and a transaction is active, return an error indicating
    ** that the other VMs must complete first.
    */
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot rollback transaction - "
        "SQL statements in progress");
    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
  }else
#endif
  if( u.at.turnOnAC && !u.at.iRollback && db->writeVdbeCnt>0 ){
    /* If this instruction implements a COMMIT and other VMs are writing
    ** return an error indicating that the other VMs must complete first.
    */
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot commit transaction - "
        "SQL statements in progress");
    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
  }else if( u.at.desiredAutoCommit!=db->autoCommit ){
    if( u.at.iRollback ){
      assert( u.at.desiredAutoCommit==1 );
      sqlite3RollbackAll(db, SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK);
      db->autoCommit = 1;
    }else if( (rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 1))!=SQLITE_OK ){
      goto vdbe_return;
    }else{
      db->autoCommit = (u8)u.at.desiredAutoCommit;
      if( sqlite3VdbeHalt(p)==SQLITE_BUSY ){
        p->pc = pc;
        db->autoCommit = (u8)(1-u.at.desiredAutoCommit);
        p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
        goto vdbe_return;
      }
    }
    assert( db->nStatement==0 );
    sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = SQLITE_DONE;
    }else{
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    goto vdbe_return;
  }else{
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db,
        (!u.at.desiredAutoCommit)?"cannot start a transaction within a transaction":(
        (u.at.iRollback)?"cannot rollback - no transaction is active":
                   "cannot commit - no transaction is active"));

    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  break;
}

** VDBE to be rolled back after an error without having to roll back the
** entire transaction. If no error is encountered, the statement transaction
** will automatically commit when the VDBE halts.
**
** If P2 is zero, then a read-lock is obtained on the database file.
*/
case OP_Transaction: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.au */
  Btree *pBt;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.au */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (((yDbMask)1)<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  u.au.pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;

  if( u.au.pBt ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(u.au.pBt, pOp->p2);
    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
      p->pc = pc;
      p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
      goto vdbe_return;
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }

    if( pOp->p2 && p->usesStmtJournal
     && (db->autoCommit==0 || db->activeVdbeCnt>1)
    ){
      assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(u.au.pBt) );
      if( p->iStatement==0 ){
        assert( db->nStatement>=0 && db->nSavepoint>=0 );
        db->nStatement++;
        p->iStatement = db->nSavepoint + db->nStatement;
      }

      rc = sqlite3VtabSavepoint(db, SAVEPOINT_BEGIN, p->iStatement-1);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginStmt(u.au.pBt, p->iStatement);
      }

      /* Store the current value of the database handles deferred constraint
      ** counter. If the statement transaction needs to be rolled back,
      ** the value of this counter needs to be restored too.  */
      p->nStmtDefCons = db->nDeferredCons;
    }

** temporary tables.
**
** There must be a read-lock on the database (either a transaction
** must be started or there must be an open cursor) before
** executing this instruction.
*/
case OP_ReadCookie: {               /* out2-prerelease */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.av */
  int iMeta;
  int iDb;
  int iCookie;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.av */

  u.av.iDb = pOp->p1;
  u.av.iCookie = pOp->p3;
  assert( pOp->p3<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
  assert( u.av.iDb>=0 && u.av.iDb<db->nDb );
  assert( db->aDb[u.av.iDb].pBt!=0 );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (((yDbMask)1)<<u.av.iDb))!=0 );

  sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(db->aDb[u.av.iDb].pBt, u.av.iCookie, (u32 *)&u.av.iMeta);
  pOut->u.i = u.av.iMeta;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: SetCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Write the content of register P3 (interpreted as an integer)
** into cookie number P2 of database P1.  P2==1 is the schema version.  
** P2==2 is the database format. P2==3 is the recommended pager cache 
** size, and so forth.  P1==0 is the main database file and P1==1 is the 
** database file used to store temporary tables.
**
** A transaction must be started before executing this opcode.
*/
case OP_SetCookie: {       /* in3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.aw */
  Db *pDb;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.aw */
  assert( pOp->p2<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (((yDbMask)1)<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  u.aw.pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.aw.pDb->pBt!=0 );
  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, pOp->p1, 0) );
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
  /* See note about index shifting on OP_ReadCookie */
  rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(u.aw.pDb->pBt, pOp->p2, (int)pIn3->u.i);
  if( pOp->p2==BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION ){
    /* When the schema cookie changes, record the new cookie internally */
    u.aw.pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = (int)pIn3->u.i;
    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
  }else if( pOp->p2==BTREE_FILE_FORMAT ){
    /* Record changes in the file format */
    u.aw.pDb->pSchema->file_format = (u8)pIn3->u.i;
  }
  if( pOp->p1==1 ){
    /* Invalidate all prepared statements whenever the TEMP database
    ** schema is changed.  Ticket #1644 */
    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
    p->expired = 0;
  }

** and that the current process needs to reread the schema.
**
** Either a transaction needs to have been started or an OP_Open needs
** to be executed (to establish a read lock) before this opcode is
** invoked.
*/
case OP_VerifyCookie: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ax */
  int iMeta;
  int iGen;
  Btree *pBt;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ax */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (((yDbMask)1)<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, pOp->p1, 0) );
  u.ax.pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
  if( u.ax.pBt ){
    sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(u.ax.pBt, BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION, (u32 *)&u.ax.iMeta);
    u.ax.iGen = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pSchema->iGeneration;
  }else{
    u.ax.iGen = u.ax.iMeta = 0;
  }
  if( u.ax.iMeta!=pOp->p2 || u.ax.iGen!=pOp->p3 ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
    p->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, "database schema has changed");
    /* If the schema-cookie from the database file matches the cookie
    ** stored with the in-memory representation of the schema, do
    ** not reload the schema from the database file.
    **
    ** If virtual-tables are in use, this is not just an optimization.
    ** Often, v-tables store their data in other SQLite tables, which
    ** are queried from within xNext() and other v-table methods using
    ** prepared queries. If such a query is out-of-date, we do not want to
    ** discard the database schema, as the user code implementing the
    ** v-table would have to be ready for the sqlite3_vtab structure itself
    ** to be invalidated whenever sqlite3_step() is called from within
    ** a v-table method.
    */
    if( db->aDb[pOp->p1].pSchema->schema_cookie!=u.ax.iMeta ){
      sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, pOp->p1);
    }

    p->expired = 1;
    rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
  }
  break;

** in read/write mode.  For a given table, there can be one or more read-only
** cursors or a single read/write cursor but not both.
**
** See also OpenRead.
*/
case OP_OpenRead:
case OP_OpenWrite: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ay */
  int nField;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
  int p2;
  int iDb;
  int wrFlag;
  Btree *pX;
  VdbeCursor *pCur;
  Db *pDb;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ay */

  assert( (pOp->p5&(OPFLAG_P2ISREG|OPFLAG_BULKCSR))==pOp->p5 );
  assert( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite || pOp->p5==0 );

  if( p->expired ){
    rc = SQLITE_ABORT;
    break;
  }

  u.ay.nField = 0;
  u.ay.pKeyInfo = 0;
  u.ay.p2 = pOp->p2;
  u.ay.iDb = pOp->p3;
  assert( u.ay.iDb>=0 && u.ay.iDb<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (((yDbMask)1)<<u.ay.iDb))!=0 );
  u.ay.pDb = &db->aDb[u.ay.iDb];
  u.ay.pX = u.ay.pDb->pBt;
  assert( u.ay.pX!=0 );
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite ){
    u.ay.wrFlag = 1;
    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, u.ay.iDb, 0) );
    if( u.ay.pDb->pSchema->file_format < p->minWriteFileFormat ){
      p->minWriteFileFormat = u.ay.pDb->pSchema->file_format;
    }
  }else{
    u.ay.wrFlag = 0;
  }
  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_P2ISREG ){
    assert( u.ay.p2>0 );
    assert( u.ay.p2<=p->nMem );
    pIn2 = &aMem[u.ay.p2];
    assert( memIsValid(pIn2) );
    assert( (pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
    u.ay.p2 = (int)pIn2->u.i;
    /* The u.ay.p2 value always comes from a prior OP_CreateTable opcode and
    ** that opcode will always set the u.ay.p2 value to 2 or more or else fail.
    ** If there were a failure, the prepared statement would have halted
    ** before reaching this instruction. */
    if( NEVER(u.ay.p2<2) ) {
      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }
  }
  if( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO ){
    u.ay.pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
    u.ay.pKeyInfo->enc = ENC(p->db);
    u.ay.nField = u.ay.pKeyInfo->nField+1;
  }else if( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 ){
    u.ay.nField = pOp->p4.i;
  }
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
  u.ay.pCur = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, u.ay.nField, u.ay.iDb, 1);
  if( u.ay.pCur==0 ) goto no_mem;
  u.ay.pCur->nullRow = 1;
  u.ay.pCur->isOrdered = 1;
  rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(u.ay.pX, u.ay.p2, u.ay.wrFlag, u.ay.pKeyInfo, u.ay.pCur->pCursor);
  u.ay.pCur->pKeyInfo = u.ay.pKeyInfo;
  assert( OPFLAG_BULKCSR==BTREE_BULKLOAD );
  sqlite3BtreeCursorHints(u.ay.pCur->pCursor, (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_BULKCSR));

  /* Since it performs no memory allocation or IO, the only value that
  ** sqlite3BtreeCursor() may return is SQLITE_OK. */
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );

  /* Set the VdbeCursor.isTable and isIndex variables. Previous versions of
  ** SQLite used to check if the root-page flags were sane at this point
  ** and report database corruption if they were not, but this check has
  ** since moved into the btree layer.  */
  u.ay.pCur->isTable = pOp->p4type!=P4_KEYINFO;
  u.ay.pCur->isIndex = !u.ay.pCur->isTable;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: OpenEphemeral P1 P2 * P4 P5
**
** Open a new cursor P1 to a transient table.
** The cursor is always opened read/write even if 

** This opcode works the same as OP_OpenEphemeral.  It has a
** different name to distinguish its use.  Tables created using
** by this opcode will be used for automatically created transient
** indices in joins.
*/
case OP_OpenAutoindex: 
case OP_OpenEphemeral: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.az */
  VdbeCursor *pCx;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.az */
  static const int vfsFlags =
      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
  u.az.pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, -1, 1);
  if( u.az.pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  u.az.pCx->nullRow = 1;
  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(db->pVfs, 0, db, &u.az.pCx->pBt,
                        BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL | BTREE_SINGLE | pOp->p5, vfsFlags);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(u.az.pCx->pBt, 1);
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    /* If a transient index is required, create it by calling
    ** sqlite3BtreeCreateTable() with the BTREE_BLOBKEY flag before
    ** opening it. If a transient table is required, just use the
    ** automatically created table with root-page 1 (an BLOB_INTKEY table).
    */
    if( pOp->p4.pKeyInfo ){
      int pgno;
      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO );
      rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(u.az.pCx->pBt, &pgno, BTREE_BLOBKEY | pOp->p5);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        assert( pgno==MASTER_ROOT+1 );
        rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(u.az.pCx->pBt, pgno, 1,
                                (KeyInfo*)pOp->p4.z, u.az.pCx->pCursor);
        u.az.pCx->pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
        u.az.pCx->pKeyInfo->enc = ENC(p->db);
      }
      u.az.pCx->isTable = 0;
    }else{
      rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(u.az.pCx->pBt, MASTER_ROOT, 1, 0, u.az.pCx->pCursor);
      u.az.pCx->isTable = 1;
    }
  }
  u.az.pCx->isOrdered = (pOp->p5!=BTREE_UNORDERED);
  u.az.pCx->isIndex = !u.az.pCx->isTable;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: OpenSorter P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** This opcode works like OP_OpenEphemeral except that it opens
** a transient index that is specifically designed to sort large
** tables using an external merge-sort algorithm.
*/
case OP_SorterOpen: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ba */
  VdbeCursor *pCx;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ba */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MERGE_SORT
  u.ba.pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, -1, 1);
  if( u.ba.pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  u.ba.pCx->pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
  u.ba.pCx->pKeyInfo->enc = ENC(p->db);
  u.ba.pCx->isSorter = 1;
  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(db, u.ba.pCx);
#else
  pOp->opcode = OP_OpenEphemeral;
  pc--;
#endif
  break;
}

** individual columns using the OP_Column opcode.  The OP_Column opcode
** is the only cursor opcode that works with a pseudo-table.
**
** P3 is the number of fields in the records that will be stored by
** the pseudo-table.
*/
case OP_OpenPseudo: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bb */
  VdbeCursor *pCx;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bb */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
  u.bb.pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p3, -1, 0);
  if( u.bb.pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  u.bb.pCx->nullRow = 1;
  u.bb.pCx->pseudoTableReg = pOp->p2;
  u.bb.pCx->isTable = 1;
  u.bb.pCx->isIndex = 0;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Close P1 * * * *
**
** Close a cursor previously opened as P1.  If P1 is not
** currently open, this instruction is a no-op.

**
** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, SeekGt, SeekGe, SeekLt
*/
case OP_SeekLt:         /* jump, in3 */
case OP_SeekLe:         /* jump, in3 */
case OP_SeekGe:         /* jump, in3 */
case OP_SeekGt: {       /* jump, in3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bc */
  int res;
  int oc;
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  UnpackedRecord r;
  int nField;
  i64 iKey;      /* The rowid we are to seek to */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bc */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p2!=0 );
  u.bc.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bc.pC!=0 );
  assert( u.bc.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  assert( OP_SeekLe == OP_SeekLt+1 );
  assert( OP_SeekGe == OP_SeekLt+2 );
  assert( OP_SeekGt == OP_SeekLt+3 );
  assert( u.bc.pC->isOrdered );
  if( ALWAYS(u.bc.pC->pCursor!=0) ){
    u.bc.oc = pOp->opcode;
    u.bc.pC->nullRow = 0;
    if( u.bc.pC->isTable ){
      /* The input value in P3 might be of any type: integer, real, string,
      ** blob, or NULL.  But it needs to be an integer before we can do
      ** the seek, so covert it. */
      pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
      applyNumericAffinity(pIn3);
      u.bc.iKey = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn3);
      u.bc.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;

      /* If the P3 value could not be converted into an integer without
      ** loss of information, then special processing is required... */
      if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
        if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Real)==0 ){
          /* If the P3 value cannot be converted into any kind of a number,
          ** then the seek is not possible, so jump to P2 */
          pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
          break;
        }
        /* If we reach this point, then the P3 value must be a floating
        ** point number. */
        assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Real)!=0 );

        if( u.bc.iKey==SMALLEST_INT64 && (pIn3->r<(double)u.bc.iKey || pIn3->r>0) ){
          /* The P3 value is too large in magnitude to be expressed as an
          ** integer. */
          u.bc.res = 1;
          if( pIn3->r<0 ){
            if( u.bc.oc>=OP_SeekGe ){  assert( u.bc.oc==OP_SeekGe || u.bc.oc==OP_SeekGt );
              rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(u.bc.pC->pCursor, &u.bc.res);
              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
            }
          }else{
            if( u.bc.oc<=OP_SeekLe ){  assert( u.bc.oc==OP_SeekLt || u.bc.oc==OP_SeekLe );
              rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(u.bc.pC->pCursor, &u.bc.res);
              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
            }
          }
          if( u.bc.res ){
            pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
          }
          break;
        }else if( u.bc.oc==OP_SeekLt || u.bc.oc==OP_SeekGe ){
          /* Use the ceiling() function to convert real->int */
          if( pIn3->r > (double)u.bc.iKey ) u.bc.iKey++;
        }else{
          /* Use the floor() function to convert real->int */
          assert( u.bc.oc==OP_SeekLe || u.bc.oc==OP_SeekGt );
          if( pIn3->r < (double)u.bc.iKey ) u.bc.iKey--;
        }
      }
      rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bc.pC->pCursor, 0, (u64)u.bc.iKey, 0, &u.bc.res);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
      if( u.bc.res==0 ){
        u.bc.pC->rowidIsValid = 1;
        u.bc.pC->lastRowid = u.bc.iKey;
      }
    }else{
      u.bc.nField = pOp->p4.i;
      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
      assert( u.bc.nField>0 );
      u.bc.r.pKeyInfo = u.bc.pC->pKeyInfo;
      u.bc.r.nField = (u16)u.bc.nField;

      /* The next line of code computes as follows, only faster:
      **   if( u.bc.oc==OP_SeekGt || u.bc.oc==OP_SeekLe ){
      **     u.bc.r.flags = UNPACKED_INCRKEY;
      **   }else{
      **     u.bc.r.flags = 0;
      **   }
      */
      u.bc.r.flags = (u16)(UNPACKED_INCRKEY * (1 & (u.bc.oc - OP_SeekLt)));
      assert( u.bc.oc!=OP_SeekGt || u.bc.r.flags==UNPACKED_INCRKEY );
      assert( u.bc.oc!=OP_SeekLe || u.bc.r.flags==UNPACKED_INCRKEY );
      assert( u.bc.oc!=OP_SeekGe || u.bc.r.flags==0 );
      assert( u.bc.oc!=OP_SeekLt || u.bc.r.flags==0 );

      u.bc.r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      { int i; for(i=0; i<u.bc.r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&u.bc.r.aMem[i]) ); }
#endif
      ExpandBlob(u.bc.r.aMem);
      rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bc.pC->pCursor, &u.bc.r, 0, 0, &u.bc.res);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
      u.bc.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
    }
    u.bc.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    u.bc.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
    sqlite3_search_count++;
#endif
    if( u.bc.oc>=OP_SeekGe ){  assert( u.bc.oc==OP_SeekGe || u.bc.oc==OP_SeekGt );
      if( u.bc.res<0 || (u.bc.res==0 && u.bc.oc==OP_SeekGt) ){
        rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(u.bc.pC->pCursor, &u.bc.res);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
        u.bc.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
      }else{
        u.bc.res = 0;
      }
    }else{
      assert( u.bc.oc==OP_SeekLt || u.bc.oc==OP_SeekLe );
      if( u.bc.res>0 || (u.bc.res==0 && u.bc.oc==OP_SeekLt) ){
        rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(u.bc.pC->pCursor, &u.bc.res);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
        u.bc.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
      }else{
        /* u.bc.res might be negative because the table is empty.  Check to
        ** see if this is the case.
        */
        u.bc.res = sqlite3BtreeEof(u.bc.pC->pCursor);
      }
    }
    assert( pOp->p2>0 );
    if( u.bc.res ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    }
  }else{
    /* This happens when attempting to open the sqlite3_master table
    ** for read access returns SQLITE_EMPTY. In this case always
    ** take the jump (since there are no records in the table).
    */

** for P1 to move so that it points to the rowid given by P2.
**
** This is actually a deferred seek.  Nothing actually happens until
** the cursor is used to read a record.  That way, if no reads
** occur, no unnecessary I/O happens.
*/
case OP_Seek: {    /* in2 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bd */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bd */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bd.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bd.pC!=0 );
  if( ALWAYS(u.bd.pC->pCursor!=0) ){
    assert( u.bd.pC->isTable );
    u.bd.pC->nullRow = 0;
    pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
    u.bd.pC->movetoTarget = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
    u.bd.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
    u.bd.pC->deferredMoveto = 1;
  }
  break;
}
  

/* Opcode: Found P1 P2 P3 P4 *
**

** falls through to the next instruction and P1 is left pointing at the
** matching entry.
**
** See also: Found, NotExists, IsUnique
*/
case OP_NotFound:       /* jump, in3 */
case OP_Found: {        /* jump, in3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.be */
  int alreadyExists;
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;
  char *pFree;
  UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey;
  UnpackedRecord r;
  char aTempRec[ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*3 + 7];
#endif /* local variables moved into u.be */

#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  sqlite3_found_count++;
#endif

  u.be.alreadyExists = 0;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  u.be.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.be.pC!=0 );
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( ALWAYS(u.be.pC->pCursor!=0) ){

    assert( u.be.pC->isTable==0 );
    if( pOp->p4.i>0 ){
      u.be.r.pKeyInfo = u.be.pC->pKeyInfo;
      u.be.r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
      u.be.r.aMem = pIn3;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      { int i; for(i=0; i<u.be.r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&u.be.r.aMem[i]) ); }
#endif
      u.be.r.flags = UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH;
      u.be.pIdxKey = &u.be.r;
    }else{
      u.be.pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(
          u.be.pC->pKeyInfo, u.be.aTempRec, sizeof(u.be.aTempRec), &u.be.pFree
      );
      if( u.be.pIdxKey==0 ) goto no_mem;
      assert( pIn3->flags & MEM_Blob );
      assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Zero)==0 );  /* zeroblobs already expanded */
      sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(u.be.pC->pKeyInfo, pIn3->n, pIn3->z, u.be.pIdxKey);
      u.be.pIdxKey->flags |= UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH;
    }
    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.be.pC->pCursor, u.be.pIdxKey, 0, 0, &u.be.res);
    if( pOp->p4.i==0 ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, u.be.pFree);
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      break;
    }
    u.be.alreadyExists = (u.be.res==0);
    u.be.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    u.be.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Found ){
    if( u.be.alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }else{
    if( !u.be.alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IsUnique P1 P2 P3 P4 *
**
** Cursor P1 is open on an index b-tree - that is to say, a btree which

** to instruction P2. Otherwise, the rowid of the conflicting index
** entry is copied to register P3 and control falls through to the next
** instruction.
**
** See also: NotFound, NotExists, Found
*/
case OP_IsUnique: {        /* jump, in3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bf */
  u16 ii;
  VdbeCursor *pCx;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  u16 nField;
  Mem *aMx;
  UnpackedRecord r;                  /* B-Tree index search key */
  i64 R;                             /* Rowid stored in register P3 */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bf */

  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  u.bf.aMx = &aMem[pOp->p4.i];
  /* Assert that the values of parameters P1 and P4 are in range. */
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  assert( pOp->p4.i>0 && pOp->p4.i<=p->nMem );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );

  /* Find the index cursor. */
  u.bf.pCx = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bf.pCx->deferredMoveto==0 );
  u.bf.pCx->seekResult = 0;
  u.bf.pCx->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  u.bf.pCrsr = u.bf.pCx->pCursor;

  /* If any of the values are NULL, take the jump. */
  u.bf.nField = u.bf.pCx->pKeyInfo->nField;
  for(u.bf.ii=0; u.bf.ii<u.bf.nField; u.bf.ii++){
    if( u.bf.aMx[u.bf.ii].flags & MEM_Null ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
      u.bf.pCrsr = 0;
      break;
    }
  }
  assert( (u.bf.aMx[u.bf.nField].flags & MEM_Null)==0 );

  if( u.bf.pCrsr!=0 ){
    /* Populate the index search key. */
    u.bf.r.pKeyInfo = u.bf.pCx->pKeyInfo;
    u.bf.r.nField = u.bf.nField + 1;
    u.bf.r.flags = UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH;
    u.bf.r.aMem = u.bf.aMx;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    { int i; for(i=0; i<u.bf.r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&u.bf.r.aMem[i]) ); }
#endif

    /* Extract the value of u.bf.R from register P3. */
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
    u.bf.R = pIn3->u.i;

    /* Search the B-Tree index. If no conflicting record is found, jump
    ** to P2. Otherwise, copy the rowid of the conflicting record to
    ** register P3 and fall through to the next instruction.  */
    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bf.pCrsr, &u.bf.r, 0, 0, &u.bf.pCx->seekResult);
    if( (u.bf.r.flags & UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH) || u.bf.r.rowid==u.bf.R ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    }else{
      pIn3->u.i = u.bf.r.rowid;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NotExists P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Use the content of register P3 as an integer key.  If a record 
** with that key does not exist in table of P1, then jump to P2. 
** If the record does exist, then fall through.  The cursor is left 
** pointing to the record if it exists.
**
** The difference between this operation and NotFound is that this
** operation assumes the key is an integer and that P1 is a table whereas
** NotFound assumes key is a blob constructed from MakeRecord and
** P1 is an index.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, IsUnique
*/
case OP_NotExists: {        /* jump, in3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bg */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;
  u64 iKey;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bg */

  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bg.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bg.pC!=0 );
  assert( u.bg.pC->isTable );
  assert( u.bg.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  u.bg.pCrsr = u.bg.pC->pCursor;
  if( ALWAYS(u.bg.pCrsr!=0) ){
    u.bg.res = 0;
    u.bg.iKey = pIn3->u.i;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bg.pCrsr, 0, u.bg.iKey, 0, &u.bg.res);
    u.bg.pC->lastRowid = pIn3->u.i;
    u.bg.pC->rowidIsValid = u.bg.res==0 ?1:0;
    u.bg.pC->nullRow = 0;
    u.bg.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
    u.bg.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    if( u.bg.res!=0 ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
      assert( u.bg.pC->rowidIsValid==0 );
    }
    u.bg.pC->seekResult = u.bg.res;
  }else{
    /* This happens when an attempt to open a read cursor on the
    ** sqlite_master table returns SQLITE_EMPTY.
    */
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    assert( u.bg.pC->rowidIsValid==0 );
    u.bg.pC->seekResult = 0;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Sequence P1 P2 * * *
**
** Find the next available sequence number for cursor P1.

** the largest previously generated record number. No new record numbers are
** allowed to be less than this value. When this value reaches its maximum, 
** an SQLITE_FULL error is generated. The P3 register is updated with the '
** generated record number. This P3 mechanism is used to help implement the
** AUTOINCREMENT feature.
*/
case OP_NewRowid: {           /* out2-prerelease */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bh */
  i64 v;                 /* The new rowid */
  VdbeCursor *pC;        /* Cursor of table to get the new rowid */
  int res;               /* Result of an sqlite3BtreeLast() */
  int cnt;               /* Counter to limit the number of searches */
  Mem *pMem;             /* Register holding largest rowid for AUTOINCREMENT */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;     /* Root frame of VDBE */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bh */

  u.bh.v = 0;
  u.bh.res = 0;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bh.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bh.pC!=0 );
  if( NEVER(u.bh.pC->pCursor==0) ){
    /* The zero initialization above is all that is needed */
  }else{
    /* The next rowid or record number (different terms for the same
    ** thing) is obtained in a two-step algorithm.
    **
    ** First we attempt to find the largest existing rowid and add one
    ** to that.  But if the largest existing rowid is already the maximum
    ** positive integer, we have to fall through to the second
    ** probabilistic algorithm
    **
    ** The second algorithm is to select a rowid at random and see if
    ** it already exists in the table.  If it does not exist, we have
    ** succeeded.  If the random rowid does exist, we select a new one
    ** and try again, up to 100 times.
    */
    assert( u.bh.pC->isTable );

#ifdef SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
#   define MAX_ROWID 0x7fffffff
#else
    /* Some compilers complain about constants of the form 0x7fffffffffffffff.
    ** Others complain about 0x7ffffffffffffffffLL.  The following macro seems
    ** to provide the constant while making all compilers happy.
    */
#   define MAX_ROWID  (i64)( (((u64)0x7fffffff)<<32) | (u64)0xffffffff )
#endif

    if( !u.bh.pC->useRandomRowid ){
      u.bh.v = sqlite3BtreeGetCachedRowid(u.bh.pC->pCursor);
      if( u.bh.v==0 ){
        rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(u.bh.pC->pCursor, &u.bh.res);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
          goto abort_due_to_error;
        }
        if( u.bh.res ){
          u.bh.v = 1;   /* IMP: R-61914-48074 */
        }else{
          assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(u.bh.pC->pCursor) );
          rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(u.bh.pC->pCursor, &u.bh.v);
          assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* Cannot fail following BtreeLast() */
          if( u.bh.v>=MAX_ROWID ){
            u.bh.pC->useRandomRowid = 1;
          }else{
            u.bh.v++;   /* IMP: R-29538-34987 */
          }
        }
      }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
      if( pOp->p3 ){
        /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
        assert( pOp->p3>0 );
        if( p->pFrame ){
          for(u.bh.pFrame=p->pFrame; u.bh.pFrame->pParent; u.bh.pFrame=u.bh.pFrame->pParent);
          /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
          assert( pOp->p3<=u.bh.pFrame->nMem );
          u.bh.pMem = &u.bh.pFrame->aMem[pOp->p3];
        }else{
          /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
          assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
          u.bh.pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
          memAboutToChange(p, u.bh.pMem);
        }
        assert( memIsValid(u.bh.pMem) );

        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, u.bh.pMem);
        sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(u.bh.pMem);
        assert( (u.bh.pMem->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );  /* mem(P3) holds an integer */
        if( u.bh.pMem->u.i==MAX_ROWID || u.bh.pC->useRandomRowid ){
          rc = SQLITE_FULL;   /* IMP: R-12275-61338 */
          goto abort_due_to_error;
        }
        if( u.bh.v<u.bh.pMem->u.i+1 ){
          u.bh.v = u.bh.pMem->u.i + 1;
        }
        u.bh.pMem->u.i = u.bh.v;
      }
#endif

      sqlite3BtreeSetCachedRowid(u.bh.pC->pCursor, u.bh.v<MAX_ROWID ? u.bh.v+1 : 0);
    }
    if( u.bh.pC->useRandomRowid ){
      /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-07677-41881 If the largest ROWID is equal to the
      ** largest possible integer (9223372036854775807) then the database
      ** engine starts picking positive candidate ROWIDs at random until
      ** it finds one that is not previously used. */
      assert( pOp->p3==0 );  /* We cannot be in random rowid mode if this is
                             ** an AUTOINCREMENT table. */
      /* on the first attempt, simply do one more than previous */
      u.bh.v = lastRowid;
      u.bh.v &= (MAX_ROWID>>1); /* ensure doesn't go negative */
      u.bh.v++; /* ensure non-zero */
      u.bh.cnt = 0;
      while(   ((rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bh.pC->pCursor, 0, (u64)u.bh.v,
                                                 0, &u.bh.res))==SQLITE_OK)
            && (u.bh.res==0)
            && (++u.bh.cnt<100)){
        /* collision - try another random rowid */
        sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(u.bh.v), &u.bh.v);
        if( u.bh.cnt<5 ){
          /* try "small" random rowids for the initial attempts */
          u.bh.v &= 0xffffff;
        }else{
          u.bh.v &= (MAX_ROWID>>1); /* ensure doesn't go negative */
        }
        u.bh.v++; /* ensure non-zero */
      }
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && u.bh.res==0 ){
        rc = SQLITE_FULL;   /* IMP: R-38219-53002 */
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
      assert( u.bh.v>0 );  /* EV: R-40812-03570 */
    }
    u.bh.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
    u.bh.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    u.bh.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  }
  pOut->u.i = u.bh.v;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Insert P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** Write an entry into the table of cursor P1.  A new entry is
** created if it doesn't already exist or the data for an existing

/* Opcode: InsertInt P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** This works exactly like OP_Insert except that the key is the
** integer value P3, not the value of the integer stored in register P3.
*/
case OP_Insert: 
case OP_InsertInt: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bi */
  Mem *pData;       /* MEM cell holding data for the record to be inserted */
  Mem *pKey;        /* MEM cell holding key  for the record */
  i64 iKey;         /* The integer ROWID or key for the record to be inserted */
  VdbeCursor *pC;   /* Cursor to table into which insert is written */
  int nZero;        /* Number of zero-bytes to append */
  int seekResult;   /* Result of prior seek or 0 if no USESEEKRESULT flag */
  const char *zDb;  /* database name - used by the update hook */
  const char *zTbl; /* Table name - used by the opdate hook */
  int op;           /* Opcode for update hook: SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_INSERT */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bi */

  u.bi.pData = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( memIsValid(u.bi.pData) );
  u.bi.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bi.pC!=0 );
  assert( u.bi.pC->pCursor!=0 );
  assert( u.bi.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  assert( u.bi.pC->isTable );
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, u.bi.pData);

  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Insert ){
    u.bi.pKey = &aMem[pOp->p3];
    assert( u.bi.pKey->flags & MEM_Int );
    assert( memIsValid(u.bi.pKey) );
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, u.bi.pKey);
    u.bi.iKey = u.bi.pKey->u.i;
  }else{
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_InsertInt );
    u.bi.iKey = pOp->p3;
  }

  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_LASTROWID ) db->lastRowid = lastRowid = u.bi.iKey;
  if( u.bi.pData->flags & MEM_Null ){
    u.bi.pData->z = 0;
    u.bi.pData->n = 0;
  }else{
    assert( u.bi.pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) );
  }
  u.bi.seekResult = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? u.bi.pC->seekResult : 0);
  if( u.bi.pData->flags & MEM_Zero ){
    u.bi.nZero = u.bi.pData->u.nZero;
  }else{
    u.bi.nZero = 0;
  }
  sqlite3BtreeSetCachedRowid(u.bi.pC->pCursor, 0);
  rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(u.bi.pC->pCursor, 0, u.bi.iKey,
                          u.bi.pData->z, u.bi.pData->n, u.bi.nZero,
                          pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_APPEND, u.bi.seekResult
  );
  u.bi.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
  u.bi.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
  u.bi.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;

  /* Invoke the update-hook if required. */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && db->xUpdateCallback && pOp->p4.z ){
    u.bi.zDb = db->aDb[u.bi.pC->iDb].zName;
    u.bi.zTbl = pOp->p4.z;
    u.bi.op = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ? SQLITE_UPDATE : SQLITE_INSERT);
    assert( u.bi.pC->isTable );
    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg, u.bi.op, u.bi.zDb, u.bi.zTbl, u.bi.iKey);
    assert( u.bi.pC->iDb>=0 );
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Delete P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** Delete the record at which the P1 cursor is currently pointing.

**
** If P4 is not NULL, then it is the name of the table that P1 is
** pointing to.  The update hook will be invoked, if it exists.
** If P4 is not NULL then the P1 cursor must have been positioned
** using OP_NotFound prior to invoking this opcode.
*/
case OP_Delete: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bj */
  i64 iKey;
  VdbeCursor *pC;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bj */

  u.bj.iKey = 0;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bj.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bj.pC!=0 );
  assert( u.bj.pC->pCursor!=0 );  /* Only valid for real tables, no pseudotables */

  /* If the update-hook will be invoked, set u.bj.iKey to the rowid of the
  ** row being deleted.
  */
  if( db->xUpdateCallback && pOp->p4.z ){
    assert( u.bj.pC->isTable );
    assert( u.bj.pC->rowidIsValid );  /* lastRowid set by previous OP_NotFound */
    u.bj.iKey = u.bj.pC->lastRowid;
  }

  /* The OP_Delete opcode always follows an OP_NotExists or OP_Last or
  ** OP_Column on the same table without any intervening operations that
  ** might move or invalidate the cursor.  Hence cursor u.bj.pC is always pointing
  ** to the row to be deleted and the sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto() operation
  ** below is always a no-op and cannot fail.  We will run it anyhow, though,
  ** to guard against future changes to the code generator.
  **/
  assert( u.bj.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.bj.pC);
  if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ) goto abort_due_to_error;

  sqlite3BtreeSetCachedRowid(u.bj.pC->pCursor, 0);
  rc = sqlite3BtreeDelete(u.bj.pC->pCursor);
  u.bj.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;

  /* Invoke the update-hook if required. */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && db->xUpdateCallback && pOp->p4.z ){
    const char *zDb = db->aDb[u.bj.pC->iDb].zName;
    const char *zTbl = pOp->p4.z;
    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg, SQLITE_DELETE, zDb, zTbl, u.bj.iKey);
    assert( u.bj.pC->iDb>=0 );
  }
  if( pOp->p2 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
  break;
}
/* Opcode: ResetCount * * * * *
**
** The value of the change counter is copied to the database handle

**
** P1 is a sorter cursor. This instruction compares the record blob in 
** register P3 with the entry that the sorter cursor currently points to.
** If, excluding the rowid fields at the end, the two records are a match,
** fall through to the next instruction. Otherwise, jump to instruction P2.
*/
case OP_SorterCompare: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bk */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bk */

  u.bk.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( isSorter(u.bk.pC) );
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterCompare(u.bk.pC, pIn3, &u.bk.res);
  if( u.bk.res ){
    pc = pOp->p2-1;
  }
  break;
};

/* Opcode: SorterData P1 P2 * * *
**
** Write into register P2 the current sorter data for sorter cursor P1.
*/
case OP_SorterData: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bl */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bl */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MERGE_SORT
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  u.bl.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bl.pC->isSorter );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterRowkey(u.bl.pC, pOut);
#else
  pOp->opcode = OP_RowKey;
  pc--;
#endif
  break;
}

** it is found in the database file.
**
** If the P1 cursor must be pointing to a valid row (not a NULL row)
** of a real table, not a pseudo-table.
*/
case OP_RowKey:
case OP_RowData: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bm */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  u32 n;
  i64 n64;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bm */

  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);

  /* Note that RowKey and RowData are really exactly the same instruction */
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bm.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bm.pC->isSorter==0 );
  assert( u.bm.pC->isTable || pOp->opcode!=OP_RowData );
  assert( u.bm.pC->isIndex || pOp->opcode==OP_RowData );
  assert( u.bm.pC!=0 );
  assert( u.bm.pC->nullRow==0 );
  assert( u.bm.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  assert( u.bm.pC->pCursor!=0 );
  u.bm.pCrsr = u.bm.pC->pCursor;
  assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(u.bm.pCrsr) );

  /* The OP_RowKey and OP_RowData opcodes always follow OP_NotExists or
  ** OP_Rewind/Op_Next with no intervening instructions that might invalidate
  ** the cursor.  Hence the following sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto() call is always
  ** a no-op and can never fail.  But we leave it in place as a safety.
  */
  assert( u.bm.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.bm.pC);
  if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ) goto abort_due_to_error;

  if( u.bm.pC->isIndex ){
    assert( !u.bm.pC->isTable );
    VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeKeySize(u.bm.pCrsr, &u.bm.n64);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );    /* True because of CursorMoveto() call above */
    if( u.bm.n64>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
      goto too_big;
    }
    u.bm.n = (u32)u.bm.n64;
  }else{
    VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeDataSize(u.bm.pCrsr, &u.bm.n);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );    /* DataSize() cannot fail */
    if( u.bm.n>(u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
      goto too_big;
    }
  }
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, u.bm.n, 0) ){
    goto no_mem;
  }
  pOut->n = u.bm.n;
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Blob);
  if( u.bm.pC->isIndex ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(u.bm.pCrsr, 0, u.bm.n, pOut->z);
  }else{
    rc = sqlite3BtreeData(u.bm.pCrsr, 0, u.bm.n, pOut->z);
  }
  pOut->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;  /* In case the blob is ever cast to text */
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Rowid P1 P2 * * *
**
** Store in register P2 an integer which is the key of the table entry that
** P1 is currently point to.
**
** P1 can be either an ordinary table or a virtual table.  There used to
** be a separate OP_VRowid opcode for use with virtual tables, but this
** one opcode now works for both table types.
*/
case OP_Rowid: {                 /* out2-prerelease */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bn */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  i64 v;
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bn */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bn.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bn.pC!=0 );
  assert( u.bn.pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  if( u.bn.pC->nullRow ){
    pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
    break;
  }else if( u.bn.pC->deferredMoveto ){
    u.bn.v = u.bn.pC->movetoTarget;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  }else if( u.bn.pC->pVtabCursor ){
    u.bn.pVtab = u.bn.pC->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
    u.bn.pModule = u.bn.pVtab->pModule;
    assert( u.bn.pModule->xRowid );
    rc = u.bn.pModule->xRowid(u.bn.pC->pVtabCursor, &u.bn.v);
    importVtabErrMsg(p, u.bn.pVtab);
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
  }else{
    assert( u.bn.pC->pCursor!=0 );
    rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.bn.pC);
    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
    if( u.bn.pC->rowidIsValid ){
      u.bn.v = u.bn.pC->lastRowid;
    }else{
      rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(u.bn.pC->pCursor, &u.bn.v);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );  /* Always so because of CursorMoveto() above */
    }
  }
  pOut->u.i = u.bn.v;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NullRow P1 * * * *
**
** Move the cursor P1 to a null row.  Any OP_Column operations
** that occur while the cursor is on the null row will always
** write a NULL.
*/
case OP_NullRow: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bo */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bo */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bo.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bo.pC!=0 );
  u.bo.pC->nullRow = 1;
  u.bo.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
  assert( u.bo.pC->pCursor || u.bo.pC->pVtabCursor );
  if( u.bo.pC->pCursor ){
    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(u.bo.pC->pCursor);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Last P1 P2 * * *
**
** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
** will refer to the last entry in the database table or index.
** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
** to the following instruction.
*/
case OP_Last: {        /* jump */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bp */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bp */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bp.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bp.pC!=0 );
  u.bp.pCrsr = u.bp.pC->pCursor;
  u.bp.res = 0;
  if( ALWAYS(u.bp.pCrsr!=0) ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(u.bp.pCrsr, &u.bp.res);
  }
  u.bp.pC->nullRow = (u8)u.bp.res;
  u.bp.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
  u.bp.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
  u.bp.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  if( pOp->p2>0 && u.bp.res ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}


/* Opcode: Sort P1 P2 * * *

** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
** will refer to the first entry in the database table or index.
** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
** to the following instruction.
*/
case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bq */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bq */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bq.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bq.pC!=0 );
  assert( u.bq.pC->isSorter==(pOp->opcode==OP_SorterSort) );
  u.bq.res = 1;
  if( isSorter(u.bq.pC) ){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(db, u.bq.pC, &u.bq.res);
  }else{
    u.bq.pCrsr = u.bq.pC->pCursor;
    assert( u.bq.pCrsr );
    rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(u.bq.pCrsr, &u.bq.res);
    u.bq.pC->atFirst = u.bq.res==0 ?1:0;
    u.bq.pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    u.bq.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
    u.bq.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
  }
  u.bq.pC->nullRow = (u8)u.bq.res;
  assert( pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2<p->nOp );
  if( u.bq.res ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Next P1 P2 * P4 P5
**

*/
case OP_SorterNext:    /* jump */
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_MERGE_SORT
  pOp->opcode = OP_Next;
#endif
case OP_Prev:          /* jump */
case OP_Next: {        /* jump */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.br */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.br */

  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p5<=ArraySize(p->aCounter) );
  u.br.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  if( u.br.pC==0 ){
    break;  /* See ticket #2273 */
  }
  assert( u.br.pC->isSorter==(pOp->opcode==OP_SorterNext) );
  if( isSorter(u.br.pC) ){
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_SorterNext );
    rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(db, u.br.pC, &u.br.res);
  }else{
    u.br.res = 1;
    assert( u.br.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
    assert( u.br.pC->pCursor );
    assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Next || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreeNext );
    assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Prev || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreePrevious );
    rc = pOp->p4.xAdvance(u.br.pC->pCursor, &u.br.res);
  }
  u.br.pC->nullRow = (u8)u.br.res;
  u.br.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  if( u.br.res==0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    if( pOp->p5 ) p->aCounter[pOp->p5-1]++;
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
    sqlite3_search_count++;
#endif
  }
  u.br.pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxInsert P1 P2 P3 * P5
**
** Register P2 holds an SQL index key made using the
** MakeRecord instructions.  This opcode writes that key
** into the index P1.  Data for the entry is nil.
**
** P3 is a flag that provides a hint to the b-tree layer that this
** insert is likely to be an append.
**
** This instruction only works for indices.  The equivalent instruction
** for tables is OP_Insert.
*/
case OP_SorterInsert:       /* in2 */
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_MERGE_SORT
  pOp->opcode = OP_IdxInsert;
#endif
case OP_IdxInsert: {        /* in2 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bs */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int nKey;
  const char *zKey;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bs */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bs.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bs.pC!=0 );
  assert( u.bs.pC->isSorter==(pOp->opcode==OP_SorterInsert) );
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
  u.bs.pCrsr = u.bs.pC->pCursor;
  if( ALWAYS(u.bs.pCrsr!=0) ){
    assert( u.bs.pC->isTable==0 );
    rc = ExpandBlob(pIn2);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      if( isSorter(u.bs.pC) ){
        rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(db, u.bs.pC, pIn2);
      }else{
        u.bs.nKey = pIn2->n;
        u.bs.zKey = pIn2->z;
        rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(u.bs.pCrsr, u.bs.zKey, u.bs.nKey, "", 0, 0, pOp->p3,
            ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? u.bs.pC->seekResult : 0)
            );
        assert( u.bs.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
        u.bs.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
      }
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxDelete P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** The content of P3 registers starting at register P2 form
** an unpacked index key. This opcode removes that entry from the 
** index opened by cursor P1.
*/
case OP_IdxDelete: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bt */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;
  UnpackedRecord r;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bt */

  assert( pOp->p3>0 );
  assert( pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+pOp->p3<=p->nMem+1 );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bt.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bt.pC!=0 );
  u.bt.pCrsr = u.bt.pC->pCursor;
  if( ALWAYS(u.bt.pCrsr!=0) ){
    u.bt.r.pKeyInfo = u.bt.pC->pKeyInfo;
    u.bt.r.nField = (u16)pOp->p3;
    u.bt.r.flags = 0;
    u.bt.r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p2];
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    { int i; for(i=0; i<u.bt.r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&u.bt.r.aMem[i]) ); }
#endif
    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(u.bt.pCrsr, &u.bt.r, 0, 0, &u.bt.res);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && u.bt.res==0 ){
      rc = sqlite3BtreeDelete(u.bt.pCrsr);
    }
    assert( u.bt.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
    u.bt.pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxRowid P1 P2 * * *
**
** Write into register P2 an integer which is the last entry in the record at
** the end of the index key pointed to by cursor P1.  This integer should be
** the rowid of the table entry to which this index entry points.
**
** See also: Rowid, MakeRecord.
*/
case OP_IdxRowid: {              /* out2-prerelease */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bu */
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  i64 rowid;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bu */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bu.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bu.pC!=0 );
  u.bu.pCrsr = u.bu.pC->pCursor;
  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
  if( ALWAYS(u.bu.pCrsr!=0) ){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(u.bu.pC);
    if( NEVER(rc) ) goto abort_due_to_error;
    assert( u.bu.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
    assert( u.bu.pC->isTable==0 );
    if( !u.bu.pC->nullRow ){
      rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(db, u.bu.pCrsr, &u.bu.rowid);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
      pOut->u.i = u.bu.rowid;
      pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxGE P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

** Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
**
** If P5 is non-zero then the key value is increased by an epsilon prior 
** to the comparison.  This makes the opcode work like IdxLE.
*/
case OP_IdxLT:          /* jump */
case OP_IdxGE: {        /* jump */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bv */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;
  UnpackedRecord r;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bv */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  u.bv.pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.bv.pC!=0 );
  assert( u.bv.pC->isOrdered );
  if( ALWAYS(u.bv.pC->pCursor!=0) ){
    assert( u.bv.pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
    assert( pOp->p5==0 || pOp->p5==1 );
    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
    u.bv.r.pKeyInfo = u.bv.pC->pKeyInfo;
    u.bv.r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
    if( pOp->p5 ){
      u.bv.r.flags = UNPACKED_INCRKEY | UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH;
    }else{
      u.bv.r.flags = UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH;
    }
    u.bv.r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    { int i; for(i=0; i<u.bv.r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&u.bv.r.aMem[i]) ); }
#endif
    rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(u.bv.pC, &u.bv.r, &u.bv.res);
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLT ){
      u.bv.res = -u.bv.res;
    }else{
      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGE );
      u.bv.res++;
    }
    if( u.bv.res>0 ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1 ;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Destroy P1 P2 P3 * *

** movement was required (because the table being dropped was already 
** the last one in the database) then a zero is stored in register P2.
** If AUTOVACUUM is disabled then a zero is stored in register P2.
**
** See also: Clear
*/
case OP_Destroy: {     /* out2-prerelease */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bw */
  int iMoved;
  int iCnt;
  Vdbe *pVdbe;
  int iDb;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bw */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  u.bw.iCnt = 0;
  for(u.bw.pVdbe=db->pVdbe; u.bw.pVdbe; u.bw.pVdbe = u.bw.pVdbe->pNext){
    if( u.bw.pVdbe->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN && u.bw.pVdbe->inVtabMethod<2 && u.bw.pVdbe->pc>=0 ){
      u.bw.iCnt++;
    }
  }
#else
  u.bw.iCnt = db->activeVdbeCnt;
#endif
  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
  if( u.bw.iCnt>1 ){
    rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;
    p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
  }else{
    u.bw.iDb = pOp->p3;
    assert( u.bw.iCnt==1 );
    assert( (p->btreeMask & (((yDbMask)1)<<u.bw.iDb))!=0 );
    rc = sqlite3BtreeDropTable(db->aDb[u.bw.iDb].pBt, pOp->p1, &u.bw.iMoved);
    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
    pOut->u.i = u.bw.iMoved;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && u.bw.iMoved!=0 ){
      sqlite3RootPageMoved(db, u.bw.iDb, u.bw.iMoved, pOp->p1);
      /* All OP_Destroy operations occur on the same btree */
      assert( resetSchemaOnFault==0 || resetSchemaOnFault==u.bw.iDb+1 );
      resetSchemaOnFault = u.bw.iDb+1;
    }
#endif
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Clear P1 P2 P3

** count is incremented by the number of rows in the table being cleared. 
** If P3 is greater than zero, then the value stored in register P3 is
** also incremented by the number of rows in the table being cleared.
**
** See also: Destroy
*/
case OP_Clear: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bx */
  int nChange;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bx */

  u.bx.nChange = 0;
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (((yDbMask)1)<<pOp->p2))!=0 );
  rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(
      db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, pOp->p1, (pOp->p3 ? &u.bx.nChange : 0)
  );
  if( pOp->p3 ){
    p->nChange += u.bx.nChange;
    if( pOp->p3>0 ){
      assert( memIsValid(&aMem[pOp->p3]) );
      memAboutToChange(p, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
      aMem[pOp->p3].u.i += u.bx.nChange;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
**

** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
** register P2.
**
** See documentation on OP_CreateTable for additional information.
*/
case OP_CreateIndex:            /* out2-prerelease */
case OP_CreateTable: {          /* out2-prerelease */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.by */
  int pgno;
  int flags;
  Db *pDb;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.by */

  u.by.pgno = 0;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (((yDbMask)1)<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  u.by.pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
  assert( u.by.pDb->pBt!=0 );
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_CreateTable ){
    /* u.by.flags = BTREE_INTKEY; */
    u.by.flags = BTREE_INTKEY;
  }else{
    u.by.flags = BTREE_BLOBKEY;
  }
  rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(u.by.pDb->pBt, &u.by.pgno, u.by.flags);
  pOut->u.i = u.by.pgno;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ParseSchema P1 * * P4 *
**
** Read and parse all entries from the SQLITE_MASTER table of database P1
** that match the WHERE clause P4. 
**
** This opcode invokes the parser to create a new virtual machine,
** then runs the new virtual machine.  It is thus a re-entrant opcode.
*/
case OP_ParseSchema: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.bz */
  int iDb;
  const char *zMaster;
  char *zSql;
  InitData initData;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.bz */

  /* Any prepared statement that invokes this opcode will hold mutexes
  ** on every btree.  This is a prerequisite for invoking
  ** sqlite3InitCallback().
  */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  for(u.bz.iDb=0; u.bz.iDb<db->nDb; u.bz.iDb++){
    assert( u.bz.iDb==1 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[u.bz.iDb].pBt) );
  }
#endif

  u.bz.iDb = pOp->p1;
  assert( u.bz.iDb>=0 && u.bz.iDb<db->nDb );
  assert( DbHasProperty(db, u.bz.iDb, DB_SchemaLoaded) );
  /* Used to be a conditional */ {
    u.bz.zMaster = SCHEMA_TABLE(u.bz.iDb);
    u.bz.initData.db = db;
    u.bz.initData.iDb = pOp->p1;
    u.bz.initData.pzErrMsg = &p->zErrMsg;
    u.bz.zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
       "SELECT name, rootpage, sql FROM '%q'.%s WHERE %s ORDER BY rowid",
       db->aDb[u.bz.iDb].zName, u.bz.zMaster, pOp->p4.z);
    if( u.bz.zSql==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }else{
      assert( db->init.busy==0 );
      db->init.busy = 1;
      u.bz.initData.rc = SQLITE_OK;
      assert( !db->mallocFailed );
      rc = sqlite3_exec(db, u.bz.zSql, sqlite3InitCallback, &u.bz.initData, 0);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = u.bz.initData.rc;
      sqlite3DbFree(db, u.bz.zSql);
      db->init.busy = 0;
    }
  }
  if( rc ) sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    goto no_mem;
  }

**
** If P5 is not zero, the check is done on the auxiliary database
** file, not the main database file.
**
** This opcode is used to implement the integrity_check pragma.
*/
case OP_IntegrityCk: {
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ca */
  int nRoot;      /* Number of tables to check.  (Number of root pages.) */
  int *aRoot;     /* Array of rootpage numbers for tables to be checked */
  int j;          /* Loop counter */
  int nErr;       /* Number of errors reported */
  char *z;        /* Text of the error report */
  Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ca */

  u.ca.nRoot = pOp->p2;
  assert( u.ca.nRoot>0 );
  u.ca.aRoot = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int)*(u.ca.nRoot+1) );
  if( u.ca.aRoot==0 ) goto no_mem;
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  u.ca.pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( (u.ca.pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
  assert( (u.ca.pnErr->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  for(u.ca.j=0; u.ca.j<u.ca.nRoot; u.ca.j++){
    u.ca.aRoot[u.ca.j] = (int)sqlite3VdbeIntValue(&pIn1[u.ca.j]);
  }
  u.ca.aRoot[u.ca.j] = 0;
  assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (((yDbMask)1)<<pOp->p5))!=0 );
  u.ca.z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, u.ca.aRoot, u.ca.nRoot,
                                 (int)u.ca.pnErr->u.i, &u.ca.nErr);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, u.ca.aRoot);
  u.ca.pnErr->u.i -= u.ca.nErr;
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
  if( u.ca.nErr==0 ){
    assert( u.ca.z==0 );
  }else if( u.ca.z==0 ){
    goto no_mem;
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pIn1, u.ca.z, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3_free);
  }
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pIn1, encoding);
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */

/* Opcode: RowSetRead P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Extract the smallest value from boolean index P1 and put that value into
** register P3.  Or, if boolean index P1 is initially empty, leave P3
** unchanged and jump to instruction P2.
*/
case OP_RowSetRead: {       /* jump, in1, out3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cb */
  i64 val;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.cb */
  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0
   || sqlite3RowSetNext(pIn1->u.pRowSet, &u.cb.val)==0
  ){
    /* The boolean index is empty */
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }else{
    /* A value was pulled from the index */
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&aMem[pOp->p3], u.cb.val);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: RowSetTest P1 P2 P3 P4
**
** Register P3 is assumed to hold a 64-bit integer value. If register P1

** (b) when P4==-1 there is no need to insert the value, as it will
** never be tested for, and (c) when a value that is part of set X is
** inserted, there is no need to search to see if the same value was
** previously inserted as part of set X (only if it was previously
** inserted as part of some other set).
*/
case OP_RowSetTest: {                     /* jump, in1, in3 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cc */
  int iSet;
  int exists;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.cc */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  u.cc.iSet = pOp->p4.i;
  assert( pIn3->flags&MEM_Int );

  /* If there is anything other than a rowset object in memory cell P1,
  ** delete it now and initialize P1 with an empty rowset
  */
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(pIn1);
    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ) goto no_mem;
  }

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  assert( u.cc.iSet==-1 || u.cc.iSet>=0 );
  if( u.cc.iSet ){
    u.cc.exists = sqlite3RowSetTest(pIn1->u.pRowSet,
                               (u8)(u.cc.iSet>=0 ? u.cc.iSet & 0xf : 0xff),
                               pIn3->u.i);
    if( u.cc.exists ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
      break;
    }
  }
  if( u.cc.iSet>=0 ){
    sqlite3RowSetInsert(pIn1->u.pRowSet, pIn3->u.i);
  }
  break;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER

** exception using the RAISE() function. Register P3 contains the address 
** of a memory cell in this (the parent) VM that is used to allocate the 
** memory required by the sub-vdbe at runtime.
**
** P4 is a pointer to the VM containing the trigger program.
*/
case OP_Program: {        /* jump */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cd */
  int nMem;               /* Number of memory registers for sub-program */
  int nByte;              /* Bytes of runtime space required for sub-program */
  Mem *pRt;               /* Register to allocate runtime space */
  Mem *pMem;              /* Used to iterate through memory cells */
  Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
  void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */
#endif /* local variables moved into u.cd */

  u.cd.pProgram = pOp->p4.pProgram;
  u.cd.pRt = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( u.cd.pProgram->nOp>0 );

  /* If the p5 flag is clear, then recursive invocation of triggers is
  ** disabled for backwards compatibility (p5 is set if this sub-program
  ** is really a trigger, not a foreign key action, and the flag set
  ** and cleared by the "PRAGMA recursive_triggers" command is clear).
  **
  ** It is recursive invocation of triggers, at the SQL level, that is
  ** disabled. In some cases a single trigger may generate more than one
  ** SubProgram (if the trigger may be executed with more than one different
  ** ON CONFLICT algorithm). SubProgram structures associated with a
  ** single trigger all have the same value for the SubProgram.token
  ** variable.  */
  if( pOp->p5 ){
    u.cd.t = u.cd.pProgram->token;
    for(u.cd.pFrame=p->pFrame; u.cd.pFrame && u.cd.pFrame->token!=u.cd.t; u.cd.pFrame=u.cd.pFrame->pParent);
    if( u.cd.pFrame ) break;
  }

  if( p->nFrame>=db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH] ){
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "too many levels of trigger recursion");
    break;
  }

  /* Register u.cd.pRt is used to store the memory required to save the state
  ** of the current program, and the memory required at runtime to execute
  ** the trigger program. If this trigger has been fired before, then u.cd.pRt
  ** is already allocated. Otherwise, it must be initialized.  */
  if( (u.cd.pRt->flags&MEM_Frame)==0 ){
    /* SubProgram.nMem is set to the number of memory cells used by the
    ** program stored in SubProgram.aOp. As well as these, one memory
    ** cell is required for each cursor used by the program. Set local
    ** variable u.cd.nMem (and later, VdbeFrame.nChildMem) to this value.
    */
    u.cd.nMem = u.cd.pProgram->nMem + u.cd.pProgram->nCsr;
    u.cd.nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))
              + u.cd.nMem * sizeof(Mem)
              + u.cd.pProgram->nCsr * sizeof(VdbeCursor *)
              + u.cd.pProgram->nOnce * sizeof(u8);
    u.cd.pFrame = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, u.cd.nByte);
    if( !u.cd.pFrame ){
      goto no_mem;
    }
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(u.cd.pRt);
    u.cd.pRt->flags = MEM_Frame;
    u.cd.pRt->u.pFrame = u.cd.pFrame;

    u.cd.pFrame->v = p;
    u.cd.pFrame->nChildMem = u.cd.nMem;
    u.cd.pFrame->nChildCsr = u.cd.pProgram->nCsr;
    u.cd.pFrame->pc = pc;
    u.cd.pFrame->aMem = p->aMem;
    u.cd.pFrame->nMem = p->nMem;
    u.cd.pFrame->apCsr = p->apCsr;
    u.cd.pFrame->nCursor = p->nCursor;
    u.cd.pFrame->aOp = p->aOp;
    u.cd.pFrame->nOp = p->nOp;
    u.cd.pFrame->token = u.cd.pProgram->token;
    u.cd.pFrame->aOnceFlag = p->aOnceFlag;
    u.cd.pFrame->nOnceFlag = p->nOnceFlag;

    u.cd.pEnd = &VdbeFrameMem(u.cd.pFrame)[u.cd.pFrame->nChildMem];
    for(u.cd.pMem=VdbeFrameMem(u.cd.pFrame); u.cd.pMem!=u.cd.pEnd; u.cd.pMem++){
      u.cd.pMem->flags = MEM_Invalid;
      u.cd.pMem->db = db;
    }
  }else{
    u.cd.pFrame = u.cd.pRt->u.pFrame;
    assert( u.cd.pProgram->nMem+u.cd.pProgram->nCsr==u.cd.pFrame->nChildMem );
    assert( u.cd.pProgram->nCsr==u.cd.pFrame->nChildCsr );
    assert( pc==u.cd.pFrame->pc );
  }

  p->nFrame++;
  u.cd.pFrame->pParent = p->pFrame;
  u.cd.pFrame->lastRowid = lastRowid;
  u.cd.pFrame->nChange = p->nChange;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->pFrame = u.cd.pFrame;
  p->aMem = aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(u.cd.pFrame)[-1];
  p->nMem = u.cd.pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)u.cd.pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem+1];
  p->aOp = aOp = u.cd.pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = u.cd.pProgram->nOp;
  p->aOnceFlag = (u8 *)&p->apCsr[p->nCursor];
  p->nOnceFlag = u.cd.pProgram->nOnce;
  pc = -1;
  memset(p->aOnceFlag, 0, p->nOnceFlag);

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
**
** This opcode is only ever present in sub-programs called via the 
** OP_Program instruction. Copy a value currently stored in a memory 
** cell of the calling (parent) frame to cell P2 in the current frames 
** address space. This is used by trigger programs to access the new.* 
** and old.* values.
**
** The address of the cell in the parent frame is determined by adding
** the value of the P1 argument to the value of the P1 argument to the
** calling OP_Program instruction.
*/
case OP_Param: {           /* out2-prerelease */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.ce */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
  Mem *pIn;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.ce */
  u.ce.pFrame = p->pFrame;
  u.ce.pIn = &u.ce.pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1 + u.ce.pFrame->aOp[u.ce.pFrame->pc].p1];
  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, u.ce.pIn, MEM_Ephem);
  break;
}

#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
/* Opcode: FkCounter P1 P2 * * *

** within a sub-program). Set the value of register P1 to the maximum of 
** its current value and the value in register P2.
**
** This instruction throws an error if the memory cell is not initially
** an integer.
*/
case OP_MemMax: {        /* in2 */
#if 0  /* local variables moved into u.cf */
  Mem *pIn1;
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
#endif /* local variables moved into u.cf */
  if( p->pFrame ){
    for(u.cf.pFrame=p->pFrame; u.cf.pFrame->pParent; u.cf.pFrame=u.cf.pFrame->pParent);
    u.cf.pIn1 = &u.cf.pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1];
  }else{
    u.cf.pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  }
  assert( memIsValid(u.cf.pIn1) );
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(u.cf.pIn1);
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
  if( u.cf.pIn1->u.i<pIn2->u.i){
    u.cf.pIn1->u.i = pIn2->u.i;
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */

/* Opcode: IfPos P1 P2 * * *
**